At the outset, I must say that this review assumes that the reader is familiar with the details of the story of the Mahabharata. This account by the author, Samhita Arni, was written when the author was barely twelve years old. It is a vividly illustrated book. There are drawings of the significant characters as well as the seminal events of the epic. It is what interested me in this work. I, too, first read the Mahabharata at age nine with utter fascination and involvement. My introduction to the epic was in Tamil by C.Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) through his work titled 'Vyasar Virundhu' (the feast of Vyasa). Rajaji had excellent skills in writing, and I went back to re-reading it many times over in the subsequent years. Much later, I read other interpretations of the epic in Tamil as well as English by authors such as Devdutt Pattanaik, Vasudevan Nair, and others. In this work, I did not expect any critical evaluation of the legend from Arni, the author, given that she wrote it at age twelve. Nevertheless, I was keen to see how she had viewed it at an age comparable to mine when I first read it.
The first thing that struck me was the tree of the Kuru dynasty that Arni has drawn as a child of twelve. The epic has a vast number of characters. Many of them are related to one another as grandparents, grandchildren, aunts, uncles, half-brothers, and half-sisters. I had always had difficulties in grappling with these nuances. For example, Kunthi is Krishna's aunt, and Karna is a cousin of Krishna. Also, Vyasa himself was the father of both Pandu and Dhritarashtra. However, Rajaji had side-stepped the complexities associated with the many progenies outside of marriage by Kunthi, Ambika, and Amabalika. Rajaji showed a dynastic tree as if Vichitraveerya was the father of Pandu and Dhritarashtra and all the Pandavas as children of Pandu with Kunthi and Madri. Consequently, I had only a basic idea of the Kuru clan at age nine, even though I had read the epic a couple of times. In contrast, I am amazed that Samhita Arni had successfully decoded these complex relationships of ancestors and descendants at such a young age of twelve.
The other thing that struck me about the book was the attention to detail of the various battles that take place during the eighteen-day war. Arni lists the names of the individual combatants and also describes concepts like what an 'Akshauhini' is, or the 'Krauncha' (heron-like) arrangement of the army is, or the various Vyuhas (army formation) like Makara (crocodile) or Sakata (circle) are. It is embellished by beautiful line sketches of the important events and characters of the epic as she had imagined then. Her images are quite different from the ones I had imagined as a child.
The author expounds her views on the epic in the preface to the book. It is impressive how analytical and free her thinking was in evaluating the story at such a young age. She argues that Duryodhana was the rightful heir to the throne of Hastinapura. Duryodhana was the eldest son of the eldest son of Vyasa. So, the hereditary line favors him, whereas the Pandavas are not the actual sons of Pandu. They are sons of various Gods and hence do not even belong to the 'kuru clan.' Besides, Dhritarashtra outranked Pandu in age. This argument was a line of reasoning that I had not considered.
Just like I did, Arni says that the first version of the epic she read was that of Rajaji. My view of this version is that it is a sanitized one where Krishna is God himself in human form, and the Pandavas are the good guys while the Kauravas are the bad ones. Rajaji also did not report events in the epic, which cast the Pandavas in a bad light. For example, he does not mention that Yudhishtra was angry with Draupadi for loving Arjuna more than him. Or that Bhima was the sweetest and most innocent of the brothers. Rajaji's account was the only one I would read for the next two decades. Hence, I didn't take a critical look at the story or its characters. In contrast, the author goes on to read other versions soon after reading Rajaji's. I think this may be one reason she takes a critical view of all the iconic characters in the Mahabharata.
Arni says that the moral of the Mahabharata is that nobody is perfect and that nothing is worth it in the end. However, my conclusion about the epic when I first read it was that war is futile and that even when you win it, you experience only grief and not joy. In Rajaji's Mahabharata, the final ten or more chapters deal with the life of the Pandavas after they win the war. They rule Hastinapuri for a long thirty-six years. But Rajaji brings out beautifully the emptiness in their lives after killing most of their cousins, uncles, friends, and Gurus. Besides, Ashwathama kills all five of Draupadi's children in revenge a day after the end of the war. King Yudhishthira performs the Ashwamedha Yagya or "The Horse Sacrifice" to absolve the crimes of war and to find some purpose. Even there, a mongoose shows him that his largesse and charity were no match for the gifts of a poor Brahmin.
The author compares Draupadi with Sita of the Ramayana and concludes that Draupadi stood for what she thought was right. In contrast, Sita was meek and obeyed her husband even when he cruelly exiled her while she was pregnant. Arni does not admire Krishna either, pointing to his 'adharmic' acts in the killings of Jayadratha and Karna or his rejoicing at the death of Bhima's tribal son Gatotkacha. In her opinion, Nakula and Sahadeva are non-entities in the epic and are introduced in the story only to enhance the greatness of the three sons of Kunthi. While she takes a critical look at the Pandavas, she lets Karna off a bit easier. Duryodhana was his great friend, and Karna pledges his loyalty to him. At the same time, he promises Kunthi not to kill any of her sons other than Arjuna. Such a promise is a betrayal of Duryodhana, who trusted him to kill the Pandavas and win the war for him.
This book provides a beautiful way to learn about this great Indian epic for both children and adults. The chapters are short, and children will undoubtedly have a vivid image of the story because of the line drawings in every section. Even though this is the fifth version of the epic that I have read, I enjoyed it as if it is my first.