(FIRST HERE ARE MY INITIAL THOUGHTS, WRITTEN AT THE HALFWAY POINT ON 23 JAN. HAVE NOW FINISHED, SO SCROLL DOWN FOR THE EXCITING - AND UNBELIEVABLY DEPRESSING - CONCLUSION!)
First tried reading this back around 2009, but my little brain overloaded about a quarter in. Still, what I did understand was fascinating, and so I promised to give it another try some day when I was hopefully smarter.
Well, that day is today - and I made it halfway through this time before my brain kerploded! So, yay me - but back to my "to get back to" list for Mr. Berman, at least until I've ice-packed my cerebellum with some stupid fiction.
My own limitations aside, Berman is an excellent science writer, with an appealing sense of humor that ranges from cleverly droll to enjoyably stupid. An example of the first, while discussing the progress from hunter to agriculturalist:
"Homo erectus erected the first blazing fire 500,000 years ago. After burgers went from raw to medium-well, a truly long time elapsed before the next human milestone: the bun."
And a couple examples of the second:
"When hieroglyphics were finally deciphered in the mid-19th century ("Aha! I see! It's snake before stork except after fish!"), the inscription revealed how central the Sun was to daily life."
"French astronomer Guillaume Joseph Hyacinthe Jean-Baptiste Le Gentil de la Galaisière…failed to arrive in time to observe the transit, thanks to an outbreak of war (and probably delays caused by officials writing his name on passport applications)."
So yeah, you're never more than a page or so away from a welcome if generally childish break from all the hard science. And believe me, some of this science is hard - although Berman certainly does his best to, if not dumb it down, at least make it almost accessible to an idiot like me. Much as Dava Sobel did in her small but wonderful The Planets, Berman provides an excellent if too-short description of the 18th century's race against time to determine the Astronomical Unit; but unlike Sobel, he also manages to explain just why the AU is so important to determining the distance of the planets (and how to someday reach them).
Berman also does a great job introducing a number of important but generally overlooked or forgotten players - always one of my favorite things with any non-fiction (see Alan Moorehead's The White/Blue Nile books, or any of Peter Hopkirk's character-driven Central Asian histories) - who had a much more profound impact on our understanding of the world than most of us realize. Among my favorites:
- The early Greeks Aristarchus - first to write that the Sun was the center of the solar system, and that Earth revolved around it once a year while spinning on its axis - and Erosthenes - first to calculate the size of Earth (without ever leaving Egypt!). However, despite their brilliance, both were soon displaced by the more famous (if more consistently wrong) Ptolemy and his geocentric universe, which became gospel for the next 1700 years…
- Best buds Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen (he of the high school lab burner), who discovered and then developed the field of spectroscopy - which I never understood before, but which is now super awesome...
- Walter and Anne Maunder, whose amazing insights into how sunspot activity is linked to magnetic disturbances on Earth was attacked by the at-that-time-totally-bonkers Lord Kelvin (of earlier absolute zero and transatlantic cable fame), relegating them to the scientific junk pile until their work was rediscovered and promoted in the mid-1900's by Jack Eddy, himself one of the 20th century's most famous and important scientists that you've also probably never heard of.
And that's all just in the first half of the book, which may explain why I need a breather now. But I will definitely get back to it again sooner than I did last time - since Berman at least teases at discussing how a better understanding of the Sun and it's cycles might actually save us from total climate meltdown! So stay tuned!!
(FINAL REVIEW…TWO WEEKS LATER:)
Aaaaand…DONE! Took a two week breather before tackling the final 100+ pages, which were equally good but by the end got WAY darker (no pun intended).
The second half of the book got deeper into the science, which certainly made me smarter, but I miss the colorful characters introduced earlier. I have already impressed my colleagues by explaining how important Vitamin D is and why they should let their kids go out and play in the sun; I also now better understand the physics (vs. the earlier "magic") behind the northern lights, rainbows, color, eclipses, etc. But at the same time, I am now scared to frickin' death by solar flares (although at least I now correctly call them "coronal mass ejections," or CMEs). And most depressing of all, while I hinted above that Berman may offer some hope that the Sun might bail us out on climate change, it turns out I was wrong, and so we are, in fact, all doomed.
CLIMATE CHANGE. You may wonder what this has to do with the Sun - and that's just Berman's point, because the answer is "unfortunately, not much." Three Sun-related factors used to affect weather patterns on Earth - eccentricity, obliquity and precession, (don't worry; there won't be a test). But any effect they once had has long been superseded by "anthropomorphic climate forcing," almost exclusively the result of increased CO2 emissions, (aka, greenhouse gases).
"Anthropomorphic climate forcing (man-made climate change) has now become the biggest player in global heating. If carbon emissions go unchecked, all indicators predict positive feedback loops: melting polar ice creates dark-water oceans that absorb more heat, which melts more ice and more permafrost, which releases more methane, and on it goes until the world is 6°F to 10°F warmer, mostly due to warmer winter lows at middle and high latitudes.
"Climate change will then be irreversible, no matter what we do. Those are conditions out planet has not seen for three million years. The results will be spectacular. Rising sea levels will be the least of them. More prominent will be weather extremes, with violent unaccustomed paroxysms. Most prominent will be biological blights and diseases, as previously cold-hating pathogens spread to tasty new organisms in the plant and animal kingdoms."
Or as Berman sums up just one page later: "we're screwed."
And remember, this book was published in 2011 (and so researched/written at least 2-3 years earlier), and so things have only gotten worse since then.* However, Berman does offer a few ideas on where one might want to move to for one's final days - New England and Eastern Canada might not be bad places to ride out our looming (and increasingly certain) Mad Max eco-tastrophy.
Sigh…
(* One statistic Berman often refers to is the atmospheric CO2 level. Historically, that ranged from a low of 180 ppm (parts/million) during Earth's coldest periods to a high of 280 ppm - but never higher until the mid-20th century. At the time of Berman's writing, he reported a shocking level of 338 ppm, and described the long-term disastrous effects that would have. Well, a quick Google search just informed me that in 2017, the level was already up to 405 ppm - higher than at any other time in the past 800,000 years.)
(Sigh...)