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A stranger in my own country EAST PAKISTAN 1969-71
The 1971 East Pakistan tragedy was not just a failure of the military but also a collapse of civil society in the West Wing. The few voices raised against the military action were too feeble to make the army change its course, a course leading to military defeat and the break-up of the country. At the time, the author was General Officer Commanding 14 Division in East Pakistan. Apart from his direct narration of the events, his portrayal of the major dramatis personae, such as Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan, Lieutenant General Tikka Khan and Lieutenant General A.A.K. Niazi, are insightful. A necessary text that demands scrutiny from all interested in the course of Pakistan’s history.
126 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 2012
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February 8, 2021
Looking back on the events of 1971,it seems incredible that Pakistan had two wings separated by 1,000 miles of Indian territory.The two wings were very different,no wonder the author felt like a stranger in East Pakistan.
The author was a Major General,the second seniormost officer in East Pakistan,who served there from 1969-1971.He was,however,posted back to West Pakistan in April 1971,eight months before war with India broke out.So,it is not the full story of the events of 1971.
It is a short book,but a pretty good one.Already,the situation was tense.The 1970 election had been held.Sheikh Mujib's Awami League had the majority in East Pakistan and Z.A.Bhutto's People's Party in West Pakistan.There was a deadlock,as to who would form the government.Unrest was unbrewing and the army was asked to step in.
However,Bengali troops and officers were already in a state of near revolt.West Pakistani officers were being disobeyed,and in some cases killed alongwith their families.One of the killers was Major Zia ur Rehman (who would later become President of Bangladesh and be assissinated himself).
Sheikh Mujib ur Rehman was already making provocative statements,blaming West Pakistan for East Pakistan's economic plight.Behari settlers were being targeted by Bengalis,as were those from West Pakistan.
President Yahya Khan came to negotiate with Bhutto and Mujib,the deadlock persisted.For the most part,Yahya was not interested in visiting East Pakistan.He decided to use force.Lt. Gen. Yaqub Khan,the commander,seeing the turn of events,left.
General Tikka Khan replaced him and carried out the operation.Sheikh Mujib wanted to declare the independence of Bangladesh even then,but was warned of serious consequences by the army and didn't do so.
Sheikh Mujib was arrested and sent to West Pakistan.The disturbances intensified.President Yahya Khan decided on more changes.General A.A.K. Niazi would assume command and stay on till hostilities broke out.
The author's assessment of President Yahya Khan and General Niazi is not favourable.He also refers to some crude remarks by General Niazi,which led a Bengali officer to commit suicide.
He gives details of various operational engagements in which various officers and men were killed,including those known to him personally.His own helicopter got fired upon but he remained unhurt.
And then,President Yahya Khan decided to call him back before the war.It seems Yahya wanted more 'hawks' on the ground.
He then reflects on the conditions which led to the creation of Bangladesh.The political deadlock,the role of Sheikh Mujib and Bhutto,different language,culture,poverty,India's aggressive designs,a poorly equipped army,the physical distance between the two wings and a hostile local population.
A well-written book which talks about the major issues but doesn't quite convey the full horror of the situation.
3.5 stars,rounded up.
The author was a Major General,the second seniormost officer in East Pakistan,who served there from 1969-1971.He was,however,posted back to West Pakistan in April 1971,eight months before war with India broke out.So,it is not the full story of the events of 1971.
It is a short book,but a pretty good one.Already,the situation was tense.The 1970 election had been held.Sheikh Mujib's Awami League had the majority in East Pakistan and Z.A.Bhutto's People's Party in West Pakistan.There was a deadlock,as to who would form the government.Unrest was unbrewing and the army was asked to step in.
However,Bengali troops and officers were already in a state of near revolt.West Pakistani officers were being disobeyed,and in some cases killed alongwith their families.One of the killers was Major Zia ur Rehman (who would later become President of Bangladesh and be assissinated himself).
Sheikh Mujib ur Rehman was already making provocative statements,blaming West Pakistan for East Pakistan's economic plight.Behari settlers were being targeted by Bengalis,as were those from West Pakistan.
President Yahya Khan came to negotiate with Bhutto and Mujib,the deadlock persisted.For the most part,Yahya was not interested in visiting East Pakistan.He decided to use force.Lt. Gen. Yaqub Khan,the commander,seeing the turn of events,left.
General Tikka Khan replaced him and carried out the operation.Sheikh Mujib wanted to declare the independence of Bangladesh even then,but was warned of serious consequences by the army and didn't do so.
Sheikh Mujib was arrested and sent to West Pakistan.The disturbances intensified.President Yahya Khan decided on more changes.General A.A.K. Niazi would assume command and stay on till hostilities broke out.
The author's assessment of President Yahya Khan and General Niazi is not favourable.He also refers to some crude remarks by General Niazi,which led a Bengali officer to commit suicide.
He gives details of various operational engagements in which various officers and men were killed,including those known to him personally.His own helicopter got fired upon but he remained unhurt.
And then,President Yahya Khan decided to call him back before the war.It seems Yahya wanted more 'hawks' on the ground.
He then reflects on the conditions which led to the creation of Bangladesh.The political deadlock,the role of Sheikh Mujib and Bhutto,different language,culture,poverty,India's aggressive designs,a poorly equipped army,the physical distance between the two wings and a hostile local population.
A well-written book which talks about the major issues but doesn't quite convey the full horror of the situation.
3.5 stars,rounded up.
September 30, 2019
What traumatic times; seeing the country breaking in two pieces, that too because of how lightly portentous decisions were taken, both by Martial Law Administrator cum President, and the top military command. It left me totally baffled to read how even the Army Generals responsible for maintaining the law and order, weren’t even keeping up with the actual situation pertaining in East Pakistan. Those at the top played with the destiny of country for their personal gains and in the quest of power. What’s even more shocking is to read writer’s account of how Bengali troops killed whole families of west Pakistani soldiers. How terrifying were those times when one couldn’t even trust his own course-mate and war-buddy with his life.
Politicians’ hate campaigns and speeches against each other in their own hunger for power, language, culture and geographical barrier, very few strides of induction of Bengalis in Military and Civil Services, top leadership’s terrible decision of not going for negotiation and choosing the option of force, and finally the infiltration of an irreconcilable and hostile enemy, broke the country in half.
The book is short and concise, might be written in a haste, but yet provides firsthand account of the breaking of Pakistan by a General who was posted at the time in Dhaka. Also, it’s the narrative of one person. There are many other books, detailing out the history from all aspects.
Politicians’ hate campaigns and speeches against each other in their own hunger for power, language, culture and geographical barrier, very few strides of induction of Bengalis in Military and Civil Services, top leadership’s terrible decision of not going for negotiation and choosing the option of force, and finally the infiltration of an irreconcilable and hostile enemy, broke the country in half.
The book is short and concise, might be written in a haste, but yet provides firsthand account of the breaking of Pakistan by a General who was posted at the time in Dhaka. Also, it’s the narrative of one person. There are many other books, detailing out the history from all aspects.
October 25, 2017
In this short but penchant story, you can read a very emotive account of a patriot Pakistani officer narrating his 2 years of posting just before the start of the India-Pakistan war in East Pakistan. The general has held back no punches, he has blasted all of the army leadership for their weak and indecisive handling of a delicate political situation. For me, the war was won on two levels, on the political front by the Mujib Ur Rehman and his Awami League and on the front by the Indian Army operations. Bhutto had nothing to counter the well thought and laid out 6 points by Awami League. He relied on his simple Roti,Kapra aur Maqan rhetoric. I am beginning to wonder who was more naive electorate here, the West Pakistani or the supposedly simpler Bengalis?
The biggest institution in Pakistan for patriotic indoctrination is the Pakistan Army. That is why Punjabis and Pathans are more patriotic than Sindhis and Baluchis. The only way to increase their patriotism will be to include them in the army.
Maybe the War against the Taliban will force more disparate races to join as the traditional regions see their sons returning in coffins? Already there is an increase in ranks from the central Punjab instead of the traditional Potohar region in the army.
The biggest institution in Pakistan for patriotic indoctrination is the Pakistan Army. That is why Punjabis and Pathans are more patriotic than Sindhis and Baluchis. The only way to increase their patriotism will be to include them in the army.
Maybe the War against the Taliban will force more disparate races to join as the traditional regions see their sons returning in coffins? Already there is an increase in ranks from the central Punjab instead of the traditional Potohar region in the army.
Read
March 13, 2015It is the kind of stuff you can expect from the co-planner of the 25th March massacre. He writes about “neutralizing” political leaders, student hostels, Teachers’ residents, cultural groups and “disarming” of East Bengal Regiments, EPR , Police in such a nonchalant way !
Interestingly, he was not in favor of the military crack-down. He has praises for Tikka Khan for butchering the Baluchs but he correctly assessed the grave consequences of repeating the same in East Pakistan. Rather, he believed the Bengalis should have been tricked into submission. He whines about ISI’s failure to predict Mujib’s landslide victory in election or otherwise it could have been stopped (!)
Like all typical Pakistani, he believes the Bengali uprising did not stem from the deprivations and mistreatment at the hands of Pakistanis but fueled by the Indians. He considers the Bengali leaders of that time as Indian agents and the Hindu population as Indian moles. He makes contemptuous remarks about Bengalis and their culture and language in general and shows abhorrence towards in Hindus in particular. His plan for the crack-down included “house to house search" in the hindu populated Dhaka old city, which was executed as per the plan.
The plan and the orders of the 25th March massacre were all verbal as confirmed by General Khadim. Ludicrously, the absence of written orders led Sharmila Bose to conclude there was no genocide. General Khadim also narrates how General Niazi vented on his first military briefing that, he will let loose his soldiers on the womenfolk of Bangladesh.
I would have given a one star rating to this too short and biased book, had it not been a primary source of history despite all its deficiencies.
Interestingly, he was not in favor of the military crack-down. He has praises for Tikka Khan for butchering the Baluchs but he correctly assessed the grave consequences of repeating the same in East Pakistan. Rather, he believed the Bengalis should have been tricked into submission. He whines about ISI’s failure to predict Mujib’s landslide victory in election or otherwise it could have been stopped (!)
Like all typical Pakistani, he believes the Bengali uprising did not stem from the deprivations and mistreatment at the hands of Pakistanis but fueled by the Indians. He considers the Bengali leaders of that time as Indian agents and the Hindu population as Indian moles. He makes contemptuous remarks about Bengalis and their culture and language in general and shows abhorrence towards in Hindus in particular. His plan for the crack-down included “house to house search" in the hindu populated Dhaka old city, which was executed as per the plan.
The plan and the orders of the 25th March massacre were all verbal as confirmed by General Khadim. Ludicrously, the absence of written orders led Sharmila Bose to conclude there was no genocide. General Khadim also narrates how General Niazi vented on his first military briefing that, he will let loose his soldiers on the womenfolk of Bangladesh.
I would have given a one star rating to this too short and biased book, had it not been a primary source of history despite all its deficiencies.
May 2, 2025
History, is often said, ‘is written by victors’. In the case of East Pakistan, it has been written by the losers.
খাদিম হোসেন রাজার প্রথম নাম পড়েছিলাম স্কুলের সমাজবিজ্ঞান বইয়ে, অপারেশন সার্চ লাইটের অন্যতম নীলনকশা প্রণয়নকারী হিসেবে। তো যখন জানলাম এই লোক ৭১ নিয়ে একটা বই লেখে গেসে সেটা পড়ার ইচ্ছা তবে থেকেই ছিল।
দেশের রাজনৈতিক পটপরিবর্তনের পর একদলের এই বইকে সোর্স আর রেফারেন্স হিসেবে ব্যবহার করতে দেখে একটু অবাকই হলাম। কেননা একাত্তরের যুদ্ধের পর ‘সেনাপতি’দের অনেকেই ৭১ এ তাদের ভূমিকা নিয়ে বই লিখেছেন সেলফ জাস্টিফিকেশনের জন্য। একটা বইয়ের সাথে আরেকটা বইয়ের মিল নেই। একে অপরকে স্বেচ্ছাচারী এবং ষড়যন্ত্রকারী হিসেবে দাঁড় করাইতেসে। একে অপরের ক্যারেক্টার এসাসিনেশন করতেসে প্রত্যক্ষ এবং পরোক্ষভাবে। একে অপরকে অপদার্থ আর মতলববাজ হিসেবে প্রতিষ্ঠা করায় ব্যস্ত। এতে বোঝা যায়, এরা প্রত্যেকেই এই গুণ গুলোতে গুনান্বিত।
বইগুলো ‘with a pinch of salt’ খেয়ে পড়তে হয়। ফেসভ্যালুতে নিলেই বিপদ। অথচ তাই হচ্ছে দেখলাম।
এগুলোকেই একাত্তরের সহিহ ইতিহাস হিসেবে ধরার কোনই উপায় নেই। তাও একদল এই বইয়েরই কিছু অংশকে বেদবাক্য হিসেবে পেডলিং করে বেড়াচ্ছে কিন্তু আবার নিজেদের পক্ষ বা ন্যারেটিভকে ধারণ করে না দেখে সেইম বইয়েরই কিছু অংশ বাদ দিয়ে যাচ্ছে বা ইগ্নর করে যাচ্ছে। এই ধরণের আচরণকে মনস্তত্ত্বের ভাষায় ‘Confirmation Bias’ বলা হয়। একটা সোর্স থেকে ঠিক সেই ম্যাসেজটাই বোধগম্য, হজম বা আত্মস্থ করা যা নিজের পূর্বের চিন্তাধারাকে পুষ্ট করে।
একটা উদাহরণ দেই।
একদল এই বই থেকে একটা অংশ খুব ছড়াচ্ছে যে, মুজিব খাদিম হোসেন রাজাকে খবর পাঠাইসে যে সে স্বাধীনতার ডাক দিতে চায় না, তাকে দলের এক্সট্রিম এলিমেন্টরা জোর করতেসে। খাদিম যেন তাকে ক্যান্টনমেন্টে নিয়ে আসে। অথচ ঐ প্যারাগ্রাফের পরের প্যারাগ্রাফেই খাদিম হোসেন রাজা লিখতেসে যে, সে (খাদিম) জানে যে, মুজিব তাকে পরীক্ষা করে দেখতেসে এই জন্য যে, মুজিব যদি আসলেই স্বাধীনতার ঘোষণা দেয় তবে খাদিম হোসেন রাজা কি পদক্ষেপ নিবে। তার উপরে সে বলে দিসে, মুজিব যদি এমন কোন হঠকারী সিদ্ধান্ত নেয় তবে পুরা ঢাকা শহর মাটির সাথে মিশিয়ে দিয়ে হলেও সে রেসকোর্সের আসবে মুজিবকে ধরতে।
তাছাড়া পুরা বইটাই মুজিব যে এক পাকিস্তান চায় নাই, বাংলাদেশ প্রতিষ্ঠার কথা বলে বেড়াইসে ৭১ এরও অনেক আগে থেকে সেই ম্যাসেজে ভর্তি এবং এই বইয়ের মূল প্রেমিসই এটা। যার জন্য খাদিম হোসেন রাজা নির্দ্বিধায় সব দোষ মুজিবের ঘাড়ে ফেলে দিতেসে।
পাকিস্তান ভাঙনের, পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের ভাঙনের দোষ খাদিম হোসেন রাজা নিজের ঘাড়ে একবারও নেয় না। পূর্বপাকিস্তানের জনগণের উপর নির্মমতা চালানোর জন্য সে প্রথমে দোষ দেয় ইয়াহিয়া খানকে, তারপর দোষ দেয় মুজিব আর ভুট্টোকে। অথচ অপারেশন সার্চ লাইটের মত নির্মম গণহত্যার নীল নকশাকারী সে নিজে।
অপারেশন সার্চলাইটের বর্ননায় সে ‘ডিসআর্ম’-এর কথা বলেছে, হত্যা না। তার হিসাবে রাজারবাগ পুলিশ লাইন আর পিলখানায় দুইপক্ষ মিলিয়ে মাত্র ১০ জন মারা গেসে। অথচ আমাদের কাছে তৎকালীন সাফাই কর্মীদের ডকুমেন্টেড বিবরণ আছে। কিন্তু আমাদের একদল আছে দেশীয় ইতিহাস বিশ্বাস করার চেয়ে পাকিস্তানি এক গণহত্যার ছক কষা লোকের সেলফ জাস্টিফিকেশনে বেশি বিশ্বাস করাকে প্রেফার করছে।
তাছাড়া ১০০ বইয়ের এই ছোট বইটা সেলফ কন্ট্রাডিকশনে ভরা।
এক জায়গায় লেখা হইসে সে ঢাকায় আইয়ুব আমলের ভালই উন্নতি দেখেছে। পূর্বের মানুষ তাও কেন এত উন্নয়ন নাই, উন্নয়ন নাই বলে মিথ্যাচার করছে! আবার নিজেই শেষে লিখতেসে পূর্বকে বিশেষ করে ঢাকাকে উন্নত করার পরিকল্পনা করা হলেও সেটা ধীরগতিতে হইতেসিল অনেক, খুবই নেগ্লিজেবল। যে তথাকথিত উন্নতি হচ্ছিল সেটা যে ইনকাম জেনারেটিং উন্নয়ন না সেটাও নিজে স্বীকার করেছে এক জায়গায়। স্বাধীনতার ২০ বছরেও বন্যা থেকে জনগণকে সুরক্ষা দেয়ার মত ব্যবস্থা পাকিস্তান করে দিতে পারে নাই।
বইয়ের নাম A Stranger in My Own Country। বইয়ের শুরুতেই তার ব্যাখ্যা দিতে গিয়ে লেখক লিখতেসে যে পূর্ব পাকিস্তানীরা কিভাবে তাকে আপন করে দেখে না, যার জন্য নিজের দেশের একটি অংশ পূর্ব পাকিস্তানেও নিজেকে নিজের দেশেই আগন্তুক বলে মনে হচ্ছে। অথচ লেখক বুঝল না যে এটা তারই মানসিকতা যার জন্য সে পূর্ব পাকিস্তানিদের সাথে মিশে যেতে পারে নাই।
তার চোখে বাঙালিরা অলস, বাঙালিরা পিঁপড়ার মত।
যাদের কেউ পিঁপড়া সদৃশ মনে করে, তাদের সাথে কিভাবে খাতির হবে? পিঁপড়াসম ধারণা প্রাণে ছিল দেখেই গণহত্যা চালানো সহজ হয়েছিল। কে নিজের দেশের মানুষের ওপর এমন গণহত্যা চাপায় দিতে পারে?
খাদিম সাহেব জাতীয় একাত্ববোধ সৃষ্টি না হওয়ার পিছনে উপর মহলের কর্মকর্তাদের ঔপনিবেশিক চিন্তাধারাকে দোষী করলেও নিজে যে সেই চিন্তাধারাকেই ধারণ করে সেটা খাদিম সাহেব অনুভবই করে নাই।
শের এ বাংলা নাকি মৌলভি ছিলেন! এই পূর্ব পাকিস্তান চিনত খাদিম হোসেন রাজা?
লাস্টলি বাংলাদেশ সৃষ্টির জন্য সে হিন্দু মাইনরিটিকে দোষী করল। ম্যাজোরিটেরিয়ান হয়ে হিন্দুদের থ্রেট হিসেবে দেখা, হিন্দুদের দোষী করাটা হয়ত সহজ। তাছাড়া ম্যাজোরিটি হিসেবে মাইনরিটি থেকে থ্রেট ফিল করাটা যতটা অযৌক্তিকই হোক না কেন, এটা খুবই বেসিক হিউম্যান নেচার।
যারা ভিন্ন, যারা অন্যরকম তাদের ভয় পাওয়া সহজ, তাদের শত্রু ভাবা সহজ, তাদের গায়ে দোষ চাপানো সহজ। ভিন্ন বলে নির্মমভাবে তাদের মারাও সহজ। খাদিম সাহেব অজান্তেই যে, নিজেদের মধ্যাকার গণহত্যাকারী চেতনাকে সামনে তুলে আনছে, সেটা সে বুঝে নাই।
সর্বোপরি, তার কাছে বাঙালি সংস্কৃতি হল ‘so-called’ মানে তথাকথিত।
‘তথাকথিত বাঙালি সংস্কৃতি’ শব্দটা আজকাল একদল দেশীয়দের মাঝেও লক্ষণীয়। ব্যাপারটার মধ্যে একটা চিন্তার খোরাক রয়েছে।
১০০ পেজের এই ছোট বইয়ের আরও অনেক যৌক্তিক সমালোচনা করা সম্ভব কিন্তু আর যা করেছি এর বেশি আর দরকার মনে করছি না।
খাদিম হোসেন রাজার প্রথম নাম পড়েছিলাম স্কুলের সমাজবিজ্ঞান বইয়ে, অপারেশন সার্চ লাইটের অন্যতম নীলনকশা প্রণয়নকারী হিসেবে। তো যখন জানলাম এই লোক ৭১ নিয়ে একটা বই লেখে গেসে সেটা পড়ার ইচ্ছা তবে থেকেই ছিল।
দেশের রাজনৈতিক পটপরিবর্তনের পর একদলের এই বইকে সোর্স আর রেফারেন্স হিসেবে ব্যবহার করতে দেখে একটু অবাকই হলাম। কেননা একাত্তরের যুদ্ধের পর ‘সেনাপতি’দের অনেকেই ৭১ এ তাদের ভূমিকা নিয়ে বই লিখেছেন সেলফ জাস্টিফিকেশনের জন্য। একটা বইয়ের সাথে আরেকটা বইয়ের মিল নেই। একে অপরকে স্বেচ্ছাচারী এবং ষড়যন্ত্রকারী হিসেবে দাঁড় করাইতেসে। একে অপরের ক্যারেক্টার এসাসিনেশন করতেসে প্রত্যক্ষ এবং পরোক্ষভাবে। একে অপরকে অপদার্থ আর মতলববাজ হিসেবে প্রতিষ্ঠা করায় ব্যস্ত। এতে বোঝা যায়, এরা প্রত্যেকেই এই গুণ গুলোতে গুনান্বিত।
বইগুলো ‘with a pinch of salt’ খেয়ে পড়তে হয়। ফেসভ্যালুতে নিলেই বিপদ। অথচ তাই হচ্ছে দেখলাম।
এগুলোকেই একাত্তরের সহিহ ইতিহাস হিসেবে ধরার কোনই উপায় নেই। তাও একদল এই বইয়েরই কিছু অংশকে বেদবাক্য হিসেবে পেডলিং করে বেড়াচ্ছে কিন্তু আবার নিজেদের পক্ষ বা ন্যারেটিভকে ধারণ করে না দেখে সেইম বইয়েরই কিছু অংশ বাদ দিয়ে যাচ্ছে বা ইগ্নর করে যাচ্ছে। এই ধরণের আচরণকে মনস্তত্ত্বের ভাষায় ‘Confirmation Bias’ বলা হয়। একটা সোর্স থেকে ঠিক সেই ম্যাসেজটাই বোধগম্য, হজম বা আত্মস্থ করা যা নিজের পূর্বের চিন্তাধারাকে পুষ্ট করে।
একটা উদাহরণ দেই।
একদল এই বই থেকে একটা অংশ খুব ছড়াচ্ছে যে, মুজিব খাদিম হোসেন রাজাকে খবর পাঠাইসে যে সে স্বাধীনতার ডাক দিতে চায় না, তাকে দলের এক্সট্রিম এলিমেন্টরা জোর করতেসে। খাদিম যেন তাকে ক্যান্টনমেন্টে নিয়ে আসে। অথচ ঐ প্যারাগ্রাফের পরের প্যারাগ্রাফেই খাদিম হোসেন রাজা লিখতেসে যে, সে (খাদিম) জানে যে, মুজিব তাকে পরীক্ষা করে দেখতেসে এই জন্য যে, মুজিব যদি আসলেই স্বাধীনতার ঘোষণা দেয় তবে খাদিম হোসেন রাজা কি পদক্ষেপ নিবে। তার উপরে সে বলে দিসে, মুজিব যদি এমন কোন হঠকারী সিদ্ধান্ত নেয় তবে পুরা ঢাকা শহর মাটির সাথে মিশিয়ে দিয়ে হলেও সে রেসকোর্সের আসবে মুজিবকে ধরতে।
তাছাড়া পুরা বইটাই মুজিব যে এক পাকিস্তান চায় নাই, বাংলাদেশ প্রতিষ্ঠার কথা বলে বেড়াইসে ৭১ এরও অনেক আগে থেকে সেই ম্যাসেজে ভর্তি এবং এই বইয়ের মূল প্রেমিসই এটা। যার জন্য খাদিম হোসেন রাজা নির্দ্বিধায় সব দোষ মুজিবের ঘাড়ে ফেলে দিতেসে।
পাকিস্তান ভাঙনের, পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের ভাঙনের দোষ খাদিম হোসেন রাজা নিজের ঘাড়ে একবারও নেয় না। পূর্বপাকিস্তানের জনগণের উপর নির্মমতা চালানোর জন্য সে প্রথমে দোষ দেয় ইয়াহিয়া খানকে, তারপর দোষ দেয় মুজিব আর ভুট্টোকে। অথচ অপারেশন সার্চ লাইটের মত নির্মম গণহত্যার নীল নকশাকারী সে নিজে।
অপারেশন সার্চলাইটের বর্ননায় সে ‘ডিসআর্ম’-এর কথা বলেছে, হত্যা না। তার হিসাবে রাজারবাগ পুলিশ লাইন আর পিলখানায় দুইপক্ষ মিলিয়ে মাত্র ১০ জন মারা গেসে। অথচ আমাদের কাছে তৎকালীন সাফাই কর্মীদের ডকুমেন্টেড বিবরণ আছে। কিন্তু আমাদের একদল আছে দেশীয় ইতিহাস বিশ্বাস করার চেয়ে পাকিস্তানি এক গণহত্যার ছক কষা লোকের সেলফ জাস্টিফিকেশনে বেশি বিশ্বাস করাকে প্রেফার করছে।
তাছাড়া ১০০ বইয়ের এই ছোট বইটা সেলফ কন্ট্রাডিকশনে ভরা।
এক জায়গায় লেখা হইসে সে ঢাকায় আইয়ুব আমলের ভালই উন্নতি দেখেছে। পূর্বের মানুষ তাও কেন এত উন্নয়ন নাই, উন্নয়ন নাই বলে মিথ্যাচার করছে! আবার নিজেই শেষে লিখতেসে পূর্বকে বিশেষ করে ঢাকাকে উন্নত করার পরিকল্পনা করা হলেও সেটা ধীরগতিতে হইতেসিল অনেক, খুবই নেগ্লিজেবল। যে তথাকথিত উন্নতি হচ্ছিল সেটা যে ইনকাম জেনারেটিং উন্নয়ন না সেটাও নিজে স্বীকার করেছে এক জায়গায়। স্বাধীনতার ২০ বছরেও বন্যা থেকে জনগণকে সুরক্ষা দেয়ার মত ব্যবস্থা পাকিস্তান করে দিতে পারে নাই।
বইয়ের নাম A Stranger in My Own Country। বইয়ের শুরুতেই তার ব্যাখ্যা দিতে গিয়ে লেখক লিখতেসে যে পূর্ব পাকিস্তানীরা কিভাবে তাকে আপন করে দেখে না, যার জন্য নিজের দেশের একটি অংশ পূর্ব পাকিস্তানেও নিজেকে নিজের দেশেই আগন্তুক বলে মনে হচ্ছে। অথচ লেখক বুঝল না যে এটা তারই মানসিকতা যার জন্য সে পূর্ব পাকিস্তানিদের সাথে মিশে যেতে পারে নাই।
তার চোখে বাঙালিরা অলস, বাঙালিরা পিঁপড়ার মত।
যাদের কেউ পিঁপড়া সদৃশ মনে করে, তাদের সাথে কিভাবে খাতির হবে? পিঁপড়াসম ধারণা প্রাণে ছিল দেখেই গণহত্যা চালানো সহজ হয়েছিল। কে নিজের দেশের মানুষের ওপর এমন গণহত্যা চাপায় দিতে পারে?
খাদিম সাহেব জাতীয় একাত্ববোধ সৃষ্টি না হওয়ার পিছনে উপর মহলের কর্মকর্তাদের ঔপনিবেশিক চিন্তাধারাকে দোষী করলেও নিজে যে সেই চিন্তাধারাকেই ধারণ করে সেটা খাদিম সাহেব অনুভবই করে নাই।
শের এ বাংলা নাকি মৌলভি ছিলেন! এই পূর্ব পাকিস্তান চিনত খাদিম হোসেন রাজা?
লাস্টলি বাংলাদেশ সৃষ্টির জন্য সে হিন্দু মাইনরিটিকে দোষী করল। ম্যাজোরিটেরিয়ান হয়ে হিন্দুদের থ্রেট হিসেবে দেখা, হিন্দুদের দোষী করাটা হয়ত সহজ। তাছাড়া ম্যাজোরিটি হিসেবে মাইনরিটি থেকে থ্রেট ফিল করাটা যতটা অযৌক্তিকই হোক না কেন, এটা খুবই বেসিক হিউম্যান নেচার।
যারা ভিন্ন, যারা অন্যরকম তাদের ভয় পাওয়া সহজ, তাদের শত্রু ভাবা সহজ, তাদের গায়ে দোষ চাপানো সহজ। ভিন্ন বলে নির্মমভাবে তাদের মারাও সহজ। খাদিম সাহেব অজান্তেই যে, নিজেদের মধ্যাকার গণহত্যাকারী চেতনাকে সামনে তুলে আনছে, সেটা সে বুঝে নাই।
সর্বোপরি, তার কাছে বাঙালি সংস্কৃতি হল ‘so-called’ মানে তথাকথিত।
‘তথাকথিত বাঙালি সংস্কৃতি’ শব্দটা আজকাল একদল দেশীয়দের মাঝেও লক্ষণীয়। ব্যাপারটার মধ্যে একটা চিন্তার খোরাক রয়েছে।
১০০ পেজের এই ছোট বইয়ের আরও অনেক যৌক্তিক সমালোচনা করা সম্ভব কিন্তু আর যা করেছি এর বেশি আর দরকার মনে করছি না।
May 15, 2020
This memoir covers a couple of years in the events culminating in the creation of Bangladesh. The author was second in command in Bengal during his posting, so this gives a good account of events and decisions at a higher level with few references to some incidents on streets. description of this book is in military-style rather than political explanations or any background of this tragedy. even the final military events are not described because Raja Sahab was called back to West Pakistan before the fall of Dhaka.
Given his portrayal of a sensible military leader, why wasn't He able to know, the day he decided to disarm Bengali soldiers of his army, that we have lost this futile effort to solve a political problem via military means. pointing fingers at the "chain of command" is easy way to avoid blame. this way blame is divided and every member of this chain of command can come out as a hero.
Anyhow, it is a good read. and would recommend to anyone interested in events around 71 but it should be in mind that this book covers a limited time.
July 8, 2022
This book was interesting and infuriating at the same time. He sugarcoats the hot mess Pakistani military government (as they were running the country) was at running the country. He does criticise them a lot, but hides the extent of their actions and impact. Says Operation Searchlight was a success and fails to mention how many were killed (in thousands). Cries about not having fresh fruit (very hard to believe as they were murdering people in streets and they couldn't get fruits and veggies !!!) . Then evacuates the Pakistanis to safety before starting mass murder and calls those Pakistanis refugees? Claims Bangalis didn't cooperate. Comes the question, what did you do to make the entire nation (Bangladesh) mad? The author just blames propaganda!
Also there was a huge self serving tone to the whole book. I wonder if it's hard to write and publish the truth in Pakistan?Also it's hard to take an author seriously who conveniently forgets to write about a night, that literally started the war!
What orders did you give? What did your soldiers do? How many did you kill?
It's just West Pakistani soldiers' lives were only worth mentioning!
I can write an essay on this book. But I think this pretty much covers the gist.
Also there was a huge self serving tone to the whole book. I wonder if it's hard to write and publish the truth in Pakistan?Also it's hard to take an author seriously who conveniently forgets to write about a night, that literally started the war!
What orders did you give? What did your soldiers do? How many did you kill?
It's just West Pakistani soldiers' lives were only worth mentioning!
I can write an essay on this book. But I think this pretty much covers the gist.
December 18, 2015
It had the potential to be a self serving narrative, or an objective view of the situation. It is a little of both. The author seems to have been part of the peace contingent of the Pakistani martial law regime which believed that a military solution would not work in Bangladesh/east Pakistan and that a political solution was required. So from the perspective of criticizing the strategic foolishness of the Pakistanis, and their unnecessary cruelty in some regards, he is a good objective critic. However he was also one of the authors of operation searchlight. Yet he doesn't comment on any of the cruel excesses which that entailed. He gives us his orders list and tells us what the plan was. But he doesn't bother to tell us why the standard historical accounts of the operation are so much more brutal than what he describes. He is clearly pro martial law and pro Pakistan, so we would expect him to be ok with a certain level of harsh reprisals. But he doesn't acknowledge his role in that at all. And in this sense it was a self serving narrative. I still think it is worth reading though, to get the perspective of an even keeled non fanatic member of the Pakistani military. It is clear they felt isolated and beleaguered in east Pakistan. They felt that the awami league was stirring up trouble in a propagandistic and manipulative and untruthful way in order to advance its own interests. They felt that they along with the Bihari population was under imminent threat of communal violence, which did actually materialize at times. They felt like they're country was being destroyed by a group of self interested political radicals under Indian influence. And it's all true to an extent. Particularly the plight of the Biharis is something which is totally brushed aside by mainstream historical accounts of the war. The big takeaway of the book though, is that mujib should have been neutralized through political negotiations and not through military force. Once Pakistan committed to a military solution to the east Pakistan problem, it had already lost the war.
March 29, 2024
A fine read.
Gave insight regarding some of the events and how they unfolded.
Being GOC 14 Div (only infantry division at the time) his words can be taken at face value.
Explained the situation on ground and how the three power centres behaved (Yahya, Mujeeb and Bhutto). Endorse the idea that Military is never the solution for political crisis. Sadly our politicians/ dictators often lacked the ability to accomodate differing views.
Suggested for anyone who wish to understand the environment/ general vibe at the time.
(Another one added in the 1971 War list)
Gave insight regarding some of the events and how they unfolded.
Being GOC 14 Div (only infantry division at the time) his words can be taken at face value.
Explained the situation on ground and how the three power centres behaved (Yahya, Mujeeb and Bhutto). Endorse the idea that Military is never the solution for political crisis. Sadly our politicians/ dictators often lacked the ability to accomodate differing views.
Suggested for anyone who wish to understand the environment/ general vibe at the time.
(Another one added in the 1971 War list)
July 22, 2012
An objective book which does not try to self-justify any of the crimes and atrocities committed by the Pakistan Army. A fresh inclusion the 1971 War literature. Opposed to the books written by other Pakistani Army men, this fully acknowledges the mistakes and is a balanced version of events. A valuable read.
October 9, 2025
বিভিন্ন বইয়ে রেফারেন্স হিসেবে প্রায়শই মাঝেমধ্যেই এ বইটার সূত্র ব্যবহার করা হয়। তাই তখন থেকে মেজর জেনারেল খাদিম হোসেন রাজার বইটা পড়ার বিষয়ে আগ্রহ হলো।
মেজর জেনারেল খাদিম হোসেন রাজা প্রায় দুই বছর পূর্ব পাকিস্তানে কর্মরত ছিলেন। সে সময়টাতে পুরো পাকিস্তানই ছিল আন্দোলনে উত্তাল ও উন্মত্ত। সে টালমাটাল পরিস্থিতিতে তাঁর পূর্ব পাকিস্তানে পদায়ন হয়। সে সময়টাতে সব ঘটনা লেখক নিজস্ব দৃষ্টিতে দেখেছেন।
পাকিস্তানের অন্য জেনারেলরা যুদ্ধে ব্যর্থতার দায় পরস্পরের ওপর চাপাতে চেয়েছেন। মেজর জেনারেল রাজাও তার ব্যতিক্রম নন। তবুও আমাদের মুক্তিযুদ্ধকে পাকিস্তানি সেনাবাহিনীর দৃষ্টিতে দেখতে হলে বইটা একটা দারুণ রেফারেন্স। এখানে লেখক সরাসরি তৎকালীন সামরিক বাহিনীর দু'জন অফিসারের নাম উল্লেখ করে তাদের ভূমিকার কথা লিখেছেন। বিশেষত তাদের একজনের কারণে প্রাথমিকভাবে চট্টগ্রামে যে পাকিস্তানি বাহিনী ভয়াবহ অবস্থায় পড়েছিল, তা তিনি অকপটে স্বীক���রও করেছেন।
বইটা পুরোপুরিভাবে পাকিস্তানের দৃষ্টিতে লেখা। তবে তাসত্ত্বেও লেখক এমনকিছু কথা লিখেছেন যা আগ্রহী পাঠকের চিন্তার খোরাক যোগাতে পারে।
মেজর জেনারেল খাদিম হোসেন রাজা প্রায় দুই বছর পূর্ব পাকিস্তানে কর্মরত ছিলেন। সে সময়টাতে পুরো পাকিস্তানই ছিল আন্দোলনে উত্তাল ও উন্মত্ত। সে টালমাটাল পরিস্থিতিতে তাঁর পূর্ব পাকিস্তানে পদায়ন হয়। সে সময়টাতে সব ঘটনা লেখক নিজস্ব দৃষ্টিতে দেখেছেন।
পাকিস্তানের অন্য জেনারেলরা যুদ্ধে ব্যর্থতার দায় পরস্পরের ওপর চাপাতে চেয়েছেন। মেজর জেনারেল রাজাও তার ব্যতিক্রম নন। তবুও আমাদের মুক্তিযুদ্ধকে পাকিস্তানি সেনাবাহিনীর দৃষ্টিতে দেখতে হলে বইটা একটা দারুণ রেফারেন্স। এখানে লেখক সরাসরি তৎকালীন সামরিক বাহিনীর দু'জন অফিসারের নাম উল্লেখ করে তাদের ভূমিকার কথা লিখেছেন। বিশেষত তাদের একজনের কারণে প্রাথমিকভাবে চট্টগ্রামে যে পাকিস্তানি বাহিনী ভয়াবহ অবস্থায় পড়েছিল, তা তিনি অকপটে স্বীক���রও করেছেন।
বইটা পুরোপুরিভাবে পাকিস্তানের দৃষ্টিতে লেখা। তবে তাসত্ত্বেও লেখক এমনকিছু কথা লিখেছেন যা আগ্রহী পাঠকের চিন্তার খোরাক যোগাতে পারে।
April 29, 2015
This book gives you a high level view of the situation in East Pakistan before the breakout of full scale war.
March 29, 2017
Just another book from a pakistani army officer,who tried to justify the genocide .
January 20, 2020
Straight from the horse's mouth, Major General Khadim Hussain in this book narrates the incidents leading to the Bangladesh's War of Independence. Author sheds light on the widespread dissatisfaction among the Bengali population. Sheikh Mujib and Bengali intellectuals rallied the masses by effectively articulating on their sense of deprivation which was so evident. The author highlights the disproportionate allocation of resources between West and East Pakistan.
"Pakistani Nation" was not well imagined before it came into being, perhaps this is why it broke into two in less than 25 years after its independence. Imposition of Urdu, a language totally foreign; Constitutional Crisis of 1970; Skewed allocation of resources; Skewed representation of Bengalis in Bureaucracy, Army dominated by Punjabis, were major reasons which alienated Bengali populace from the "Pakistani Nation". The general attitude of people from West Pakistan towards Bengalis was condescending. Just as East and West Pakistan were separated by 2200 km, their cultures were too far apart. After the intial euphoria of 1947, the people on both side could never reconcile.
Author's narrative centers around the trio Sheikh Mujib, ZA Bhutto, Gen Yahya Khan who driven by their own ambitions could never reconcile their differences. General Khadim who advocated a restrained approach, was very disappointed with Yahya Khan who repeatedly ignored wise counsel from commanders incharge in the East. In the end when situation seemed getting out of control Yahya Khan unleashed his hawks like AAK Niazi ('Butcher of East Pakistan') on his own Bengali countrymen. This precipitated into a massive genocide, mass rapes of Bengali women and millions of refugees. Then ally of Pakistan, United States too turned a blind eye, ignoring repeated telegrams of its own Consul General in Dacca, Archer Blood; hence being complicit in this gory episode of mayhem.
"Pakistani Nation" was not well imagined before it came into being, perhaps this is why it broke into two in less than 25 years after its independence. Imposition of Urdu, a language totally foreign; Constitutional Crisis of 1970; Skewed allocation of resources; Skewed representation of Bengalis in Bureaucracy, Army dominated by Punjabis, were major reasons which alienated Bengali populace from the "Pakistani Nation". The general attitude of people from West Pakistan towards Bengalis was condescending. Just as East and West Pakistan were separated by 2200 km, their cultures were too far apart. After the intial euphoria of 1947, the people on both side could never reconcile.
Author's narrative centers around the trio Sheikh Mujib, ZA Bhutto, Gen Yahya Khan who driven by their own ambitions could never reconcile their differences. General Khadim who advocated a restrained approach, was very disappointed with Yahya Khan who repeatedly ignored wise counsel from commanders incharge in the East. In the end when situation seemed getting out of control Yahya Khan unleashed his hawks like AAK Niazi ('Butcher of East Pakistan') on his own Bengali countrymen. This precipitated into a massive genocide, mass rapes of Bengali women and millions of refugees. Then ally of Pakistan, United States too turned a blind eye, ignoring repeated telegrams of its own Consul General in Dacca, Archer Blood; hence being complicit in this gory episode of mayhem.
June 22, 2020
"A Stranger in My Own Country" features the experiences of Major General (Rtd.) Khadim Hussain Raja, as he is assigned to look after the troops in East Pakistan, while personally belonging to West Pakistan.
While both sides of Pakistan started off as two wings of the same bird, the account illustrates how the differences between both parts were amplified to the extent that soldiers of West Pakistan started fearing their safety while in the East.
The writer makes the account all the more intriguing by presenting his own opinions on the matter, as well as the plans that were devised by his team to stabilize the situation in the end. Such details make the reader see things from a different perspective, making them realize that the sentiments of the soldiers deployed in East Pakistan were quite different (and more rational) as compared to those of the personnel observing the situation from afar in the West wing.
It's always insightful reading a book on history, as such books help one understand current situations under a new light, which makes the situation much clearer to understand.
While both sides of Pakistan started off as two wings of the same bird, the account illustrates how the differences between both parts were amplified to the extent that soldiers of West Pakistan started fearing their safety while in the East.
The writer makes the account all the more intriguing by presenting his own opinions on the matter, as well as the plans that were devised by his team to stabilize the situation in the end. Such details make the reader see things from a different perspective, making them realize that the sentiments of the soldiers deployed in East Pakistan were quite different (and more rational) as compared to those of the personnel observing the situation from afar in the West wing.
It's always insightful reading a book on history, as such books help one understand current situations under a new light, which makes the situation much clearer to understand.
August 2, 2021
I am giving this book a very high rating because the Pakistani General actually confirms that his boos General Niazi announced Rape in East Pakistan as a part of his military strategy. The larger question however was never answered in the book. Why should the tail obey the head?
In any democratic set up and imperfect person like Mujib should have not been the PM of Pakistan, but at least East Pakistan. Military men like him should be at the command of the politicians like Mujib, like is the case in India.
Pakistan's unfortunate history has been a lot of Policing and administration has been done by Army, which has taken over power several times, and as we speak has now taken to recourse to running through proxies like Imran Khan.
Politicians as we know in India also does not exist at all. The political class is addressing topics like relationship of men to God, and what they should wear and eat, rather than the basic political questions.
Lastly let us not forget that the enormous success of Bangladesh over Pakistan in all possible attributes is because the people like the author failed.
In any democratic set up and imperfect person like Mujib should have not been the PM of Pakistan, but at least East Pakistan. Military men like him should be at the command of the politicians like Mujib, like is the case in India.
Pakistan's unfortunate history has been a lot of Policing and administration has been done by Army, which has taken over power several times, and as we speak has now taken to recourse to running through proxies like Imran Khan.
Politicians as we know in India also does not exist at all. The political class is addressing topics like relationship of men to God, and what they should wear and eat, rather than the basic political questions.
Lastly let us not forget that the enormous success of Bangladesh over Pakistan in all possible attributes is because the people like the author failed.
December 3, 2019
I don’t find any reason why did plan and went for Operation Searchlight.Aiming to kill Bangaloli military personnel of Pakistan Army stationed in East Pakistan including killing of retired bengoli officers like Gen MAG Osmani and others.Why did they plan to kill and crush East Pakistan Rifle (EPR) and Bengali Police personals.Why did Gen AKK Niazi motivated his troops by his lecturer to change the ethnic pattern by rapping bangoli women? Instead of transferring the power to Sheikh Sahib (Mojibur Rahman)and his Party Awami League? Who own the mandate of people of Pakistan in a free and fair election?and had the full legitimacy to form the government?on what reason they started the operation searchlight that resulted defeat of Pakistan Army with 90000 POW.And break up of a country? My logic and reason does work!
June 18, 2022
This man is the architect of the greatest genocide in the Indian subcontinent as well as post 2nd world war and writes as if he tried to save Pakistan. He claimed he suggested for political settlement (surprise surprise all Pakistani general and bureaucrats wanted a political settlement but choose a war settlemnt) but went for a genocide. He blamed everybody except the top civilian and military bureaucrats of erstwhile East Pakistan. If he was so honorable and principled man he could choose the path of Admiral Ahsan and Air Commodore Zafar Masud.
The book is well written from the perspective of Punjabi Officer and that's why I give it a 2 star
The book is well written from the perspective of Punjabi Officer and that's why I give it a 2 star
March 13, 2023
Quiet an informative book however I expected much more from it. If anyone who wants to know about the East Pakistan tragedy this should be among the lists.
Although the writer is the one who was there at the crucial times and was part of the process, he did not approve of what was happening and pointed out the problems facing the country.
One thing that is quite evident was the attitude of the author towards the people of the Eastern province he seems to be no different from the rest as he used quiet derogatory remarks about the people and culture of erstwhile East Pakistan, I believe this answer's many questions.
Although the writer is the one who was there at the crucial times and was part of the process, he did not approve of what was happening and pointed out the problems facing the country.
One thing that is quite evident was the attitude of the author towards the people of the Eastern province he seems to be no different from the rest as he used quiet derogatory remarks about the people and culture of erstwhile East Pakistan, I believe this answer's many questions.
December 21, 2021
The author writes most of the events in the light of the feelings of the time.
However, there is a tendency to place all the blame on the ruling class.
The timing was very tense and neither side tried to reduce the emotion of this neglect.
The author himself cannot avoid liability because he then gave a kind of tacit consent to the massacre and actively participated as long as he was in charge of his rank in East Pakistan.
Above all, the author has presented the events of the last two years very well.
Enjoyed the book☺️
However, there is a tendency to place all the blame on the ruling class.
The timing was very tense and neither side tried to reduce the emotion of this neglect.
The author himself cannot avoid liability because he then gave a kind of tacit consent to the massacre and actively participated as long as he was in charge of his rank in East Pakistan.
Above all, the author has presented the events of the last two years very well.
Enjoyed the book☺️
January 15, 2023
Quite an interesting one but can't address the political or military issues in detail.
Why Mujeeb was in exile position just after the election?
Why did the Center go for election when the military establishment was not in a position to hand over the power to the Mujeeb, while it was obvious that Mujeeb will clean sweep?
What Bhutto can offer to Yahya that Yahya was so much inclined towards Bhutto?
To what extent the Super Powers of that time i-e USA or USSR were responsible?
Why Mujeeb was in exile position just after the election?
Why did the Center go for election when the military establishment was not in a position to hand over the power to the Mujeeb, while it was obvious that Mujeeb will clean sweep?
What Bhutto can offer to Yahya that Yahya was so much inclined towards Bhutto?
To what extent the Super Powers of that time i-e USA or USSR were responsible?
April 4, 2023
An excellent account of the lead up to the 1971 liberation of Bangladesh, written by a true soldier. My regards to the author for behaving like a professional soldier during some extremely trying times, when most of his colleagues were behaving like barbarians towards the Bengalis. I would recommend reading this to understand how delusional the West Pakistani leadership was towards the aspirations of their counterparts in East Pakistan. No wonder, Bangladesh became independant.
October 31, 2018
Though the book is brief but gives an excellent account of events in east Pakistan which led to the creation of the state of Bangladesh written by an army officer or in other words eye witness of the happenings.
January 5, 2022
Good account of disastrous past of Pakistan and this book poses a grear question for current and future generations of Pakistan about whether they learnt from past? or are they still repeating the same mistakes that they have made in past.
December 18, 2022
Every account on sorrowful month of December deepens the wound.
Like always, the writer on the helm of affairs shared nothing more than common stupidities and parochial approach to serve their personal interests over nationhood.
Like always, the writer on the helm of affairs shared nothing more than common stupidities and parochial approach to serve their personal interests over nationhood.
September 6, 2017
its a good one
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
April 18, 2018
Truly said, what was happening in East Pakistan at that time.
May 9, 2019
A very informative book about events happened in East Pakistan.
May 30, 2019
Helpfull app
January 4, 2020
Good for the people who wants to know the events during the 1971 war.
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