**De-Escalate: How to Calm an Angry Person in 90 Seconds or Less** by Douglas E. Noll is a practical guide to defusing conflict and managing emotional intensity in personal, professional, and public settings. Drawing from neuroscience and decades of mediation experience, the author offers simple yet powerful techniques to calm others—and oneself—during high-stress interactions.
The central idea is that emotions must be acknowledged and validated before rational dialogue is possible. Using what Noll calls “affect labeling,” individuals can quickly reduce tension and foster connection, even in hostile situations.
Key takeaways and actionable ideas:
* Emotions must be validated, not ignored
* People calm down when they feel heard and understood
* Reflect back emotions using simple, nonjudgmental language
* Avoid advice, questions, or denials during emotional peaks
* Affect labeling is the core technique
* State the other person’s emotions out loud (e.g., “You’re angry,” “You feel disrespected”)
* Use a calm, steady tone without rushing or interrupting
* Let the brain process the emotional labeling, which naturally reduces amygdala activity
* The 90-second rule is based on neuroscience
* When emotions are acknowledged, the brain can reset in about 90 seconds
* During this time, refrain from defending, explaining, or reasoning
* Stay quiet and present after labeling; let the other person release tension
* Focus on emotions, not content
* The facts don’t matter until the emotional wave passes
* Address feelings before discussing solutions
* De-escalation is emotional regulation, not problem-solving
* De-escalation is not agreement or surrender
* You can validate emotion without condoning behavior or conceding a point
* Saying “You’re really frustrated” does not mean “You’re right”
* Emotional reflection is about connection, not compromise
* Practice with low-stakes situations
* Use affect labeling with friends or family during minor conflicts
* Build skill and confidence by observing emotional cues
* Over time, automatic responses will shift from reaction to reflection
* Use body language that communicates safety
* Maintain open posture, relaxed facial expression, and steady eye contact
* Avoid abrupt gestures or defensive stances
* Match your tone and pace to the other person’s emotional level, then slowly guide it downward
* De-escalation can be used in all environments
* Works with children, coworkers, customers, patients, or strangers
* Especially effective in crisis response, customer service, and leadership roles
* Prevents escalation, reduces conflict cycles, and builds long-term trust
* Self-regulation is essential
* Practice mindfulness and emotional self-awareness
* Learn to recognize your own triggers and internal responses
* Use deep breathing and inner labeling to manage personal stress before engaging
* De-escalation builds emotional intelligence
* Enhances empathy, listening, and interpersonal influence
* Strengthens relationships and improves communication under pressure
* Turns conflict into opportunities for connection and growth