I've been avoiding this book on my shelf for years now. It was part of my required reading for a class in my sophomore year of college, and I had been looking forward to reading this particular book, more than all of the other assigned readings. But in the bleak middle of the semester, torn between projects and papers long-since forgotten, surviving the term was of greater importance than reading Traudl Junge's memoirs. So, in a very out of character decision, I didn't read it. I didn't even skim it. I managed to keep quiet for an entire period and then dutifully read every other required text for the rest of the semester. Because I sincerely wanted to read this book, I kept it on my shelf. But because I'm an overachieving perfectionist, when my eyes would glance at the cover while roving through my bookshelf, I would feel guilty twinge and would move on to a different book.
Why do I share this story of my (probably clinical) obsessiveness? Because it is highly appropriate that I associate the feeling of guilt with this book. Because Traudl Yunge's "Until the Final Hour" is a book about dealing with guilt--the guilt of a nation spirited away by a charismatic and horrible dictator and the guilt of the individual, a young, non-political woman who happened to be in the center of the Third Reich.
In 1947, Traudl Junge was trying to put together her life again, along with all of Germany. After regularly being asked about her two and a half years as Hitler's secretary, from 1942 until that fateful day in April 1945, she wrote her memoirs of her time with the Fuhrer. She said later that she enjoyed writing it but thought that no one would want to read it--Germany was trying to move past the war, not dwell in it. She made no attempt to justify or apologize for her actions, or for those who were part of the Nazi government. She just shared what she experienced. 20 years later, she reviewed the memoirs with horror--she struggled with her previous naivety and inability to perceive the evil actions around her. She had been told over and over again after the war that she wasn't to blame for her role in Third Reich. After all, she had been so young. But an older and wiser Junge saw that that wasn't a good enough reason. "Until the Final Hour" is Junge's attempt to remember the events of her employment, to balance that with the knowledge of the horrors of what happened to millions of innocent people, to understand her own culpability, and to accept the failings of her younger self.
Junge's memoir is not an all-encompassing scope of the events of 1942-1945. In fact, some details in her narration are entirely incorrect (my copy had excellent footnotes that explained these discrepancies). Instead, it gave an insider's perspective of how Hitler appeared to those with whom he was most intimate. This wasn't the grand dictator giving rousing speeches or the sinister villain behind the Final Solution. This was the Hitler who was fatherly to a young Traudl, enjoyed spoiling his dog, was fussy about being out in the sun, and ate boring, tasteless food to care for his easily bothered stomach. In fact, a vast majority of the content of Junge's narration is absolutely mundane, focusing on tea parties, traveling, Eva Braun's clothing, and the bickering members of Hitler's staff. But the mundane, ordinariness of the events described are rather disturbing. We know what Hitler, Goebbels, and the other Nazis were capable of. We have seen the images of concentration camps and heard the stories of countless families torn apart by conquest and war. But it's easy to see them as an embodiment of evil and more difficult to acknowledge that they talked liked us, ate like us--were like us. This is why Junge's narration is so important now. It is a written reminder of the, famously quoted, "banality of evil" theory and one that disturbs us to the core. Because it's one thing to see evil in a long-dead historical figure. It's quite another to think that the capacity for this evil exists in "ordinary" people, like our neighbors, friends, and even ourselves. The generation that survived WWII knew this; people of the current era must not forget.
The book was published in German for the first time in 2002. It then inspired the film "Downfall" (which, yes, includes the famous scene of Hitler yelling at his generals that people love to add irrelevant subtitles to), the first movie about Nazi Germany produced in Germany and featuring German actors speaking in German. It demonstrated the amount of healing that had happened between 1945 and the early 2000s for the whole nation. But I wonder if Junge received the same peace for herself. Her memoirs don't make that absolutely clear. What we are left with, however, are the sometimes dazzled reflections of a young woman who was honored to be the secretary of a man she perceived to be great--it's a testimony of the "spell" that Hitler put on a nation, and it begs the question--if we would have been in her shoes, would we have been able to resist it?