Dinheiro, dívida e finanças: Perguntas e respostas fundamentais

by Jim Newheiser

UM GUIA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA

Descubra o segredo para uma vida financeira saudável e equilibrada com Dinheiro, dívida e finanças. Em formato acessível de perguntas e respostas, este livro oferece uma abordagem prática para alcançar a sabedoria bíblica no uso do dinheiro. Com experiência em finanças, aconselhamento e educação teológica, Newheiser aborda questões importantes para elaborar orçamentos, ter controle das finanças, se libertar das dívidas e muito mais. Um recurso indispensável a todos cristãos, pastores e conselheiros que desejam auxiliar pessoas a glorificarem a Deus nessa área tão importante da vida.

Genres: Counselling, Christian, Nonfiction, Christian Living, Finance

468 pages, Kindle Edition

Published May 22, 2023

About the author

Jim Newheiser, DMin, Westminster Theological Seminary, California, has served in pastoral ministry and has practiced biblical counseling for over thirty years. He is the Director of the Christian Counseling Program at Reformed Theological Seminary in Charlotte and the Executive Director of IBCD. He is an ACBC Fellow and board member.

Reviews

[Owen Lewis · Rating 5 out of 5]

I greatly appreciated this book's practical wisdom regarding finances - especially as it was written from a gospel-centered perspective. The emphasis on giving was wonderful (avoiding debt as it can limit our ability to give to the church and to others). My favorite chapter was the last, showing how money points us to the gospel. Not only did Christ pay our debts that we could never afford, but He made us heirs with Him. Wonderful grace of Jesus!

[Grace · Rating 4 out of 5]

Classic Jim Newheiser, this man loves the Proverbs!

[Chad · Rating 4 out of 5]

Helpful application of biblical principles to personal finance, covering a wide range of financial topics. It goes fairly deep in biblical principles, sharing many verses, but the more "practical" personal finance parts of the book are shallower, being more of an overview of concepts and options. Other books do a better job giving "practical" financial advice, but this book is valuable in that it interweaves the biblical and "practical." (I don't mean the Bible isn't practical; I'm just referring to the "practices" of personal finance.)

Each chapter ends with a summary and questions for reflection.

It's somewhat repetitive, maybe because Newheiser thought the book would be used as a reference rather than read cover to cover.

Newheiser started his career in finance before moving into local church pastoral ministry and biblical counseling (including about financial problems). Newheiser says he was influenced by Randy Alcorn, Larry Burkett, Ron Blue, Howard Dayton, Dave Ramsey, but uses Bible as ultimate resource.

Notes
How Can the Bible Speak to Our Modern Complex Financial Issues?
Going into debt or co-signing for debt of others is often unwise and potentially financially ruinous (Pro 6:1-5; 15:6; 17:18; 22:7, 26-27), but not necessarily sinful.

What Are the Potential Blessings and Dangers of Wealth?
God sometimes blesses His people with wealth (Pro 10:22; 14:24). God gave wealth to Abraham, Job, David, Solomon.

God has put good things into world for us to enjoy (Ecc 5:18; 1 Tim 4:3-4; 6:17). We may enjoy them as gifts, as long as we're thankful.

Wealth gives opportunity to give to God's work and others (1 Tim 6:18-19). Rich live with constant tension between those and enjoying material blessings.

1 Tim 6:18-19 doesn't rebuke rich for being rich, or tell them to impoverish themselves.

How Does God Use Financial Trials for Our Good?
How Paul was content in all circumstances (Phil 4:11-13)
• His joy was in the Lord (Phil 2:17-18; 3:1; 4:4) and work God was doing (Phil 1:4, 18, 25; 4:1).
• His joy wasn't based on earthly circumstances or wealth. He was thankful for what God gave him (Phil 4:15-18).
• He knew God was in control of circumstances and would work all to his good (Phil 1:29).
• He trusted God would supply His needs (Phil 4:19).
• He was confident in glorious future with Christ (Phil 3:20-21; Rom 8:18).
In summary, have God-focused, joyful, eternal perspective (cf. Phil 4:10, 14-17; 2 Cor 8:1-5).

Increase contentment by being deliberately, consciously thankful for blessings (1 Thess 5:18).

Increase contentment by reducing lifestyle to invest more in Kingdom (Mt 6:19-21). Anticipate heaven so much that you're content with simplicity on earth (Jn 14:1-3).

What Are Some Common Misunderstandings about Acquiring Money?
Early church didn't practice communism; Christians were voluntarily charitable (Acts 2:44-45; 4:3-5; 6; 2 Cor 8-9). Ananias and Sapphira's private property was legitimately theirs (Acts 5:4). Paul encouraged Christians to give voluntarily (2 Cor 9:7; 1 Tim 6:17-19).

Why Is Our Work So Important?
God has built into humans desire to be productive; proper ambition for success is good (Ps 90:17).

What Are the Keys to Success in Your Vocation?
It's wise and commendable to maximize income to meet your needs, family's needs, and give more to God's work and needy.

What Distinguishes the Wise Worker from the Sluggard?
It's generally good to help poor, but it's unwise, unjust, unhelpful to give to those who refuse to work; doing so enables laziness. It's better to give healthy poor opportunities to work, as gleaning did (Lev 19:9-10; Ruth 2). Offering work can test if person's need is genuine.

What Are Illegitimate Ways of Making Money?
Don't take advantage of seller's ignorance by paying little for something valuable; that's not loving your neighbor as yourself.

May Christians Gamble?
Gambling and lotteries subvert work ethic and use deception (e.g., likelihood of winning).

You have high risk of losing money when gambling, which is bad stewardship.

Gambling with money you can afford to lose for recreation is still problematic as it supports a system that relies on deception and harms others, and tempts to further gambling. Can you do it to God's glory (1 Cor 10:31)? Does it avoid fellowship with unfruitful works of darkness (Eph 5:11)?

Stock market investing isn't inherently gambling. Long-term investment that helps a corporation provide useful goods and services is legitimate. Risky investment schemes, including day trading, are essentially gambling.

Should Christians Participate in Multilevel-Marketing Organizations?
Multi-level marketing (MLM) risks
• ~50% of MLM members lose money. ~75% make no profit. Those who profit make <$500/mo. Fewer than 1% earn a living.
• Most MLM members are dissatisfied with the experience. 65% say they wouldn't join again; 16% say they would.
• Products tend to be more expensive than alternatives due to inefficiency of direct sales.
• Some MLMs make false or misleading claims.
• MLM members often misuse relationships.

What Are Some Common Misunderstandings about Spending Money?
Christians aren't called to asceticism. It's not wrong to enjoy earthly things (1 Tim 4:3-5; 6:17). We aren't told to live meager lifestyle to give most of our money to poor and missions.

How Much of Your Money Belongs to God?
Bible doesn't say if we tithe, we can spend other 90% as we please. We're to use 100% of what we earn and own to God's glory (1 Cor 10:31), which gives more responsibility and more freedom. We must consider each purchase in light of God's ownership. We live in tension between 1) using resources for God's work and helping poor and 2) enjoying material blessings (1 Tim 6:17) and saving for future.

We shouldn't feel guilty for our spending compared to others, nor should we judge others for their spending.

How Much Should You Give?
We're not required to give to everyone who asks; some are avoiding work (2 Thess 3:10-12). Giving can be supporting a bad habit or work avoidance. Consider offering food instead. It's best to help in situations when you know need is genuine and there's accountability (family, church). However, if you can't think of a time your generosity might have been taken advantage of, you might be too cautious (Gal 6:10). Providing work or helping establish businesses is best.

Bible says to give in proportion to how God has blessed us (1 Cor 16:1-2). Those God has richly blessed financially are to be exceptionally generous (1 Tim 6:17-19).

What Can Be Done to Help People Who Are Failing to Follow Their Budget?
Don't fight spouse over financial rights; each humbly look out for other's interest (Phil 2:3-4; Gal 5:15).

It's wise for each spouse to have some budgeted spending money for hobbies and interests.

Primary wage earner shouldn't have greater say over finances; in a healthy marriage, each spouse works hard in their area, and resources are shared.

Is Home Ownership Always a Great Investment?
Benefits of owning home debt-free almost always exceed tax benefits of mortgage payments.

Borrowing against home equity
• Treats symptoms of debt, not cause.
• Higher monthly house payment increases risk of not being able to afford mortgage payments.
• If home values drop, you can owe more for house than its resale value.
• Postpones debt-free home ownership.

Avoid reverse mortgages. They can provide retirement income, but tend to be complex and costly (higher interest rates and fees than traditional mortgages). If absolutely necessary to get equity from home, refinance and take out equity or get HELOC.

Borrowing against home equity to invest is risky and unwise.

How Can You Get out of Debt?
We shouldn't deliberately avoid paying debts, manipulate bankruptcy laws, or hide assets from creditors (Ps 37:21; Pro 3:27-28). If forced into bankruptcy or foreclosure, cooperate with creditors. If you owe individuals or small businesses, consider seeking forgiveness and commit to repaying (Mt 5:23-24). After bankruptcy, consider repaying debts if you become able. If you can't meet a financial obligation, you may beg for mercy and relief (Pro 6:1-5).

What Are Some Common Misunderstandings about Preparing for Your Financial Future?
Bible doesn't require purchasing insurance, but biblical principles require taking precautions, and insurance is a wise precaution.

In Practical Terms, How Should Savings Be Accumulated?
Bible doesn't give concrete rules about lifestyle or tell how much wealth is sinfully excessive, but it warns against hoarding wealth (Ecc 5:13; Jas 5:1-4; Lk 12:21).

Attitude is more important than amount of saving or giving (Lk 12:15).

What Kinds of Investments Are Available, and What Are the Risks? (Banks, Bonds, and Stocks)
OT forbade Israelites from charging interest to fellow Israelites (Deut 23:19), to keep those with resources from taking advantage of desperate people by charging high interest. Israelites were allowed to charge interest to foreigners (Deut 23:20). There's a difference between taking advantage of desperate people by charging high interest (usury) and receiving interest for use of resources (Lk 19:23). OT Israel didn't experience inflation; we do, and it erodes value of money over time, so interest is needed to retain value.

What Other Investments Are Available, and What Are the Risks? (Rental Properties, Precious Metals, Etc.)
Precious metals pros & cons
• Some advise that it's prudent to have 5-15% of portfolio in precious metals for diversification. Their values tend to rise when stocks fall.
• They can protect against inflation.
• They can protect against breakdown of financial or civil order.
• They don't pay a return.
• It's hard to protect them from theft.
• Governments might interfere with ability to buy and sell them.
• Their value can drop.
• They're less liquid, and can have high transaction costs.
• They might not help much in economic collapse; they may not be practical or safe. Theft is likely.

How Can You Wisely Prepare for Retirement?
Leisurely, unproductive retirement is unbiblical; God made us to work (Gen 2:15; Ex 20:9; Pro 10:4), even if unpaid. It's not wrong to retire to have more time to volunteer for Christian organizations, or for reasons beyond your control (e.g., poor health).

Annuities can be complex and are often expensive to purchase and own. Maximize IRAs and 401(k)s before considering annuity.

What Insurance Do You Need?
Christian medical expense sharing programs aren't insurance, but can substitute for it. They're usually less expensive than insurance, but often have lifestyle conditions, and may exclude pre-existing medical conditions. They may not always have capacity to pay massive medical expenses.

Home warranties are usually more expensive than paying for your own repairs, because home warranty company must make profit and pay for arranging for repairs.

Warranties for specific home-related losses (e.g., natural gas line damage) are usually not worth it.

Insurance on phones and appliances is usually not worth it.

Long-term care insurance payouts are usually limited to an amount per day, which can be less than nursing home costs. Also, premiums might rise sharply. It's better to save enough for retirement to cover long-term care.

How Can You Prepare for the End of Your Life? (Making a Will and Leaving a Legacy)
You don't need to treat children equally in estate plan. An irresponsible child may not benefit from a large inheritance. Consider the different needs of your children. If you treat them differently or give a lot outside family, explain plans to children before your death.

[Blake · Rating 4 out of 5]

An absolutely excellent read. Take your modern day financial gurus, remove the arrogance, toss in a huge dose of humility, a strong, strong mixture of Biblical references, and loving practical theology/Biblical counseling, and you'll come up with Jim Newheiser's book, "Money, Debt, and Finances."

In this wonderful book, Newheiser writes in a very clear way and answers question after question that many of us have about money, about debt, really, about the whole world of finances. He begins the book, by putting forth general principles related to money. For example, the author begins his book by addressing whether the Bible can even speak to our modern complex financial issues. Indeed it can and does. Newheiser explores what the causes of our financial struggles are (such a good chapter). He talks about some common misunderstandings about money, the blessings and dangers of wealth, and how God uses our financial struggles/trials to bring about good in our lives.

Next, Newheiser answers some very specific questions about money. Section/Part 2 looks at the topic of acquiring money. The author answers the following questions in this section:
1. What are some common misunderstandings about acquiring money?
2. Why is our work so important?
3. What are the keys to success in your vocation?
4. What distinguishes the Wise Worker from the Sluggard?
5. What are Illegitimate Ways of Making Money?
6. May Christians Gamble?
7. Should Christians Participate in Multilevel-Marketing Organizations?, and
8. What practical wisdom can be offered to Those who need more income?

As you can see, Newheiser gets very practical. His writing is a "rubber meets the road" type of book. The author continues in his next section (Part3) by talking about spending money. This section is so helpful. He considers the misunderstandings about spending money, about giving, about creating a budget, about balancing a budget, helping people who fail to follow their budget, and how to avoid overspending. Without a doubt, this section is one of amazing practicality.

Newheiser continues in Part 4 where he gives a whole section to writing about debt. In doing so, he helps the reader understand what the Bible says about debt, what are some common misunderstandings about debt, and then takes a look in the chapters that follow, of considering wise ways to use credit cards, incurring debt to finance one's education, getting debt in buying things like vehicles, etc. The author also writes about debt in relation to house purchases, and then, what about debt in businesses and in relation to governments. Very insightful sections, indeed. One other element to the section on debt that I found critical to address was a chapter on lending to, borrowing from, or cosigning with a family member or close friends. God's word speaks specifically to these kinds of things. Last in this section on debt, Newheiser provides counsel on how to get out of debt.

The last section of the book focuses on Preparing for the future. In this section, Newheiser gives chapters to topics such as savings, investing, insurance, and retirement, along with the sobering topic of preparing for end of life issues.

At the end of the book, the author includes a set of appendixes that are very helpful for one who wants to see what a budget would look like.

I highly, highly recommend this wonderful book by my friend, Jim Newheiser. I believe anyone would find it very helpful when considering their finances.

[Stephen Hoogerhyde · Rating 4 out of 5]

This is a book that should be in every home. Newheiser writes from a Biblical perspective about the issues of money and how to handle it. He has worked as a financial consultant, and after seminary as a pastor and counselor. So he is well versed in how the Bible addresses money and possessions and the heart issues surrounding them, and also is skilled in financial matters and financial counseling.

The book is a reference manual for individuals and counselors in financial matters, presented in a question and answer format. Accordingly, it is very approachable. Newheiser attempts to provide financial wisdom that is grounded in sound Biblical exegesis. He includes references from forty-four books of the Bible; the references from the book of Proverbs alone take up a whole page! And right up front he states this: "Our goal is not to be debt-free or to be wealthy. Our goal is to glorify God in all things, including our finances."

He begins the book with general principles about money: how does the Bible speak to the issue, common misunderstandings about money, the blessings and dangers of wealth. Next he moves on to acquiring money, addressing numerous issues around work, what are illegitimate ways of gaining money, and offering some advice for those who need more income. Then he covers the issues of spending money, particularly what claim does God have on your money and how can/should you budget. Those who do not budget would be wise to read and reread this section.

Next he moves on to the subject of debt: what does the Bible teach about debt, what are wise and unwise uses of debt, how can you get out of debt. He even includes a chapter on debt in business and government. The last section of the book covers preparing for the future: accumulating savings, investing, types of investments (including types to avoid), insurance, and making a will.

The appendixes to the book include sample budgets, sample balance sheets, and recommended resources, both books and websites.

Having myself spent forty-two years in community banking, all but three of those years in mortgage lending, where I frequently worked with delinquent borrowers, I was highly impressed with how on target Newheiser's advice on managing debt was. As I was reading I was frequently reminded of conversations and interactions I had over the years with a variety of people who struggled to get their finances under control.

But what impressed me the most was how thoroughly Biblical he is in his thinking and approach. All that we have belongs to God, and we are stewards of what he has entrusted to us. As Randy Alcorn wrote (quoted in this book), "God owns everything. I'm his money manager." Reading this book gave me a new appreciation for the wealth of practical wisdom contained in the book of Proverbs.

This is a book that should be in every church library, available to every financial counselor.

[Lauren DuPrez · Rating 5 out of 5]

Money, Debt, and Finances: Critical Questions and Answers is the latest release by pastor, author, and biblical counselor, Jim Newheiser. I had the privilege of hearing Jim give a sermon at the college group I attended about ten years ago. Jim was the mentor to my pastor and I really enjoyed learning from him and have been following him online ever since. I am familiar with and own his book Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage and was excited to learn that he was releasing a book about finances.

Money, Debt, and Finances is similar to the marriage book in format. The book is organized as a series of common questions that Christians have about finance and answers directly from Scripture. Jim also offers wisdom that he's obtained in his work as a biblical counselor and pastor. One of the aspects of Money, Debt, and Finances that I really appreciate is that it helps readers understand that their righteousness is in Christ, not the state of their finances. Understanding this makes me want to obey Christ and makes giving and stewardship delightful tasks rather than burdensome duties. In the book's preface, Jim wrote this incredibly helpful encouragement: "Our goal is not to be debt-free or to be wealthy. Our goal is to glorify God in all things, including our finances." I went back and re-read these sentences multiple times and my heart found so much freedom in this reminder. Prior to reading this, I had felt like somewhat of a failure as a Christian in the area of finances because I hadn't perfectly completed all of the baby steps in the Dave Ramsey method.

Although I appreciate the practicality of the Dave Ramsey method, I haven't found it to be very realistic at times and it seems to me that it lacks grace and doesn't emphasize trusting God. Jim's book does encourage many principles that the Dave Ramsey method includes but does so in a manner that is gracious. It digs deeper into Scripture and into overarching biblical themes including God's sovereignty. Since the book is a question and answer format, the chapters are on the shorter side. I love that the book can be read from beginning to end like a traditional book or it can be used as more of a reference for those who are looking for biblical answers to specific questions.

I really enjoyed learning from Jim's wisdom and gaining a deeper understanding of the world of finance. If you are looking to learn more about how to approach finances through the lens of Scripture or are hoping to counsel individuals in the area of finance, I highly recommend reading this book.

I received Money, Debt, and Finances compliments of P & R Publishing in exchange for my launch team participation.

[Dylan · Rating 5 out of 5]

What a blessing this book has been! It is a biblical, practical, simple guide to making wise and God-honoring decisions about our money and financial standing.

I also appreciate how Newheiser doesn't advocate for a "one-size-fits-all" approach (like those who sell a system), but rather pulls from multiple expert sources to craft a balanced and reasonable approach to finances that can be adjusted to a person's needs.

Most importantly, Newheiser's financial counsel is rooted and grounded in God's Word. This is financial counsel from Scripture, rather than financial self-help with some Scripture sprinkled over it.

[Jana Grote · Rating 4 out of 5]

Great book on money from a biblical perspective. He does a great job getting into the specifics using biblical principles without being legalistic or dogmatic. He does well differentiating between things that are very clearly a biblical mandate and things that aren’t.
I really enjoyed the practical advice and biblical principles and how he delved into it all!

4 stars because it’s a bit long and not always the most exciting read, but it’s hard to make a book about finances super exciting lol
Overall, great book! Highly recommend!

[Matt Pedersen · Rating 4 out of 5]

Not quite what I was expecting. As opposed to a book I would read all the way through, I ended up just skimming the questions and finding the ones that pertain to me. This will get added to my reference books for the future though and will greatly benefit me when I have financial questions. Author attempts to remain biblically focused throughout the whole book, while I think devoting a general theology of money would have been more readable instead of the interspersed evidence given throughout.

[Dean · Rating 5 out of 5]

Fantastic resource. Clear-headed advice, fair, balanced, and nuanced. Not judgmental or presumptuous, but rather practical and forthright. I wanted a book to help me think through some topics about money, saving and spending, and I wanted to see if this was a go-to book for anyone who might want to steward the resources God entrusted to us well. This book is the one. Easy to read and covers many topics in a succinct manner. Highly recommended.

[Derek Plegge · Rating 4 out of 5]

I enjoyed this book for a couple reasons. First, this book helps give a clear theological understanding of money. Second, the author addresses relevant subjects within finances (budgets, loans, investments, owning a house or car, etc). Third, the format of the book was very well done. Often times the author would address various questions throughout the chapters which I appreciated.

Overall, I believe everyone would benefit from reading this book!

[Steve Linskens · Rating 4 out of 5]

Great beginner's guide for those just starting out on their own. If you've read many other personal finance books in the past, you might be a little let down by this book. It's Q&A format is meant to be a quick consultation for personal finances, including how to understand debt, investing, retirement, and giving. But this is one of the best introduction books to finance that I would recommend.

[Jeremy · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book moves from more general Scriptural principles on finances to specifics on debt, savings, and retirement. As with all of Dr. Newheiser's work, you can expect a healthy dose of Proverbs. I loved the focus on the Gospel and eternity. It places the focus less on money and the steward and more on the Owner.

[Chad Grindstaff · Rating 5 out of 5]

The book may not seem like a page turner, but Dr. Newheiser writes in a such a way as to help the book flow quickly without getting bogged down in too much information while still providing solid biblical principles in a wide range of financial questions. This is a resource to be read through all at once or to be used topically to aid people struggling with different financial problems.

[Suzy Goodwin · Rating 4 out of 5]

This was assigned for my Husband’s counseling course but we share an Audible account so WIN.

Solid takeaways for the Christian regarding money mindset with regards to spending, saving, giving, and career.

Read this. Even if you’re NOT a seminary strident!

[Andy Ardern · Rating 5 out of 5]

This was a great resource. Fell back on scripture often and appropriately. Sometimes the American perspective lost touch with my Canadian context, but not often. A recommended resource for counseling people with financial issues as well.

[Mak · Rating 5 out of 5]

A resource that is clear, godly, and easy to utilize topically. Highly recommend! Newheiser cuts through financial fog with apt quotes from Proverbs and Jesus’ teaching on money in the Gospels. Gave me good stuff to think about and practical steps to put that thought into action!

[Kyle Linville · Rating 5 out of 5]

An excellent book presenting a biblical perspective of our finances. Jim Newheiser provides a strong biblical foundation and applies that foundation to many practical questions.

[Bethany · Rating 5 out of 5]

Such a good handling of so many topics. Excellent both from a Christian perspective while also being very practical and helps build a foundational understanding of a lot of financial concepts.

[Emily Ver Steeg · Rating 3 out of 5]

I ended up skimming this book because it is incredibly basic information. Perhaps a good reference, but if you are already familiar with personal finance principles, then it'll be too basic for you.

[Christopher Keller · Rating 4 out of 5]

Solid Biblical and practical advice.

I have some scruples about some expressed opinions but I'm thankful they were mostly prefaced by them being so.

[John Randolph · Rating 5 out of 5]

So good. So helpful. This is the go-to and default book...for now, maybe for a while.

[Daniel · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is an excellent resource. Scripture rich. Relevant. Practical. Wise.

[Kellie Selmer · Rating 4 out of 5]

Really really helpful book with good, biblical advice. It was refreshing to read a book on finances that wasn’t the Ramsey method. I feel like the author gives lots of perspectives and doesn’t vilify certain methods or make it seem as though there is one perfect way to do finances. It gives lots of helpful information while also leaving room for biblical wisdom.