Was this supposed to be humorous?
I laughed out loud at some events described--like the insane anger of Standish, or John Alden's elation at finding his friend dead, confessing love to their triangle seemingly before his body's gone cold.
At other points, I found myself astounded at how well Longfellow wrote, and, most specifically, at his word choice. This poem is written in dactylic hexameter, but my learning in the area of poetic structure is lacking, and, though attempted, I do not think I fully grasp the complexity of Longfellow's use of the form (with my beginners ability, I can point out regular dactyls and spondees, but I know not the more complex substitutions which, derived from the examples surrounding Evangeline, our author seemed to use in this type of poem); therefore, my appreciate is measured by my ignorance, and I am only able to view his language with any amount of critical clarity.
One must ask the question, why is this poem entitled the Courtship of Miles Standish? The author probably just means that Miles Standish is the one that initiates the courting, or in his way courts--meaning, here, attempts to woo--through Alden, thus cleverly showing the conceit of the poem: Alden accidentally courting Priscilla through his faithfulness to both his inner love and his friendship. But one could take it to mean the courtship of Standish in the sense of partners coming to love each other, and thus we see Standish coming to greater appreciate (and seemingly wed) war, something he throughout the story shows a fondness for.
Priscilla is an awesome character. Her inner thoughts are expressed vibrantly, and she has a bite; she will not be the ever-enduring woman idealized often. Although she does say that her outbreaks are wrong in some way, and seemingly accepts her fate as a woman of the time, she yet still shows herself strong in the face of it. I think her lines in the poem are the best ones, although not the most beautiful.
The strong will toward a distrust of love which infects the heart of Alden is also interesting, thematically; we can see through how the story is written out that religion of itself is not considered evil or tainting to the heart, and thus is something to be shed to allow the light to fall upon our darkened forms. Instead, the progression of the story is with Alden as defiance of his religious thoughts, and, later, the religious coding of the finale tends to make one think that his shedding of personal religious thoughts were the shedding of a false, painful religion, for one more true to himself and the world. The story's crescendo for him is more about losing the guilt of loving rather than accepting it.
Standish's arc seems to be that of overcoming his anger. He brings his wrath down upon Native people, unfortunately (even the plot seems to know this, considering the one Elder who says that peaceable dealing is more rational and Christian; Standish, in his emotional confliction, simply overrules). In this way, we might say that Standish is being questioned, and his angry, war-like piping is, by the end, totally denounced not only by himself, but by the plot, I suppose, when we see that the removal of his life would have been better for everyone! (Then, of course, his return allows for an even happier ending.)
Still, the racism that our author uses to delineate Native Americans is really not great. It is odd that he would write the Song of Hiawatha, where the Natives are said to have created peace-pipes, and who use those peace-pipes on the white men, should be so stereotyped here.