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Nasıl Yapmalı? I
Çernişevskiy Nasıl Yapmalı''yı 4 Aralık 1862 ile 4 Nisan 1863 arasını kapsayan dört aylık sürede, Petropavlovsk zindanında yazdı. Ama dört ayda yazılan bu romanın Rus toplum hayatı üzerinde yarattığı sarsıntı öyle büyük oldu ki, Dostoyevskiy ve Tolstoy'dan Kropotkin ve Lenin'e kadar pek çok yazın ve eylem adamı, kimi yerin dibine batırarak, kimi yücelterek Nasıl Yapmalı''yı konuştu, tartıştı. Kropotkin'in belirttiğine göre Nasıl Yapmalı', dönemin Rus gençliği için bir tür siyasal program niteliğine büründü. Nasıl Yapmalı''nın içeriği son derece kapsamlıdır. Yine de, bu roman neyi anlatıyor sorusuna yeni insanları anlatıyor denilse bu hem kısa, hem de doğru bir yanıt olacaktır.
279 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1863
14 people are currently reading
249 people want to read
About the author
Nikolai Chernyshevsky
113 books104 followersNikolaj Gavrilovič Černyševskij (Russian: Николай Гаврилович Чернышевский, Николай Чернышевский) was a Russian revolutionary democrat, materialist philosopher, lexicographer, journalist and socialist (seen by some as a utopian socialist). He was the leader of the revolutionary democratic movement of the 1860s, and an influence on Vladimir Lenin, Emma Goldman, and Serbian political writer and socialist Svetozar Marković.
The son of a priest, Chernyshevsky was born in Saratov in 1828, and stayed there till 1846. After graduating from Saint Petersburg University in 1850, he taught literature at a gymnasium in Saratov. From 1853 to 1862, he lived in Saint Petersburg, and became the chief editor of Sovremennik ("Contemporary"), in which he published his main literary reviews and his essays on philosophy.
He was the spiritual guidance of the progressive intellectuals. Because of his radical ideas he was arrested in July 1862 in St. Petersburg, he was released after seven years of prison in Siberia and eighteen in exile and confined in the Fortress of St. Peter and Paul, where he wrote his only finished novel Что делать? What Is to Be Done?, written during his imprisonment. The novel was written in a only apparent innocuous style and with a romantic plot in the fashion style of the era foreshadowing its real messages and its deeply critical political and social themes to avoid censorship. The novel was published in the Sovremennik review in 1863 and later, when it was banned, the novel began to circulate in clandestine copies becoming a cult novel for generations of Russian revolutionaries, who sought to emulate the novel's hero, who was wholly dedicated to the revolution, ascetic in his habits and ruthlessly disciplined, to the point of sleeping on a bed of nails and eating only meat in order to build strength for the Revolution. Among those who took inspiration from the character was Lenin, who wrote a work of political theory of the same name, and who was ascetic in his personal life.
In 1862, Chernyshevsky was sentenced to civil execution (mock execution), followed by penal servitude (1864-72), and by exile to Vilyuisk, Siberia (1872-83). He died at the age of 61, only four months after his release and his return to his hometown Saratov.
The son of a priest, Chernyshevsky was born in Saratov in 1828, and stayed there till 1846. After graduating from Saint Petersburg University in 1850, he taught literature at a gymnasium in Saratov. From 1853 to 1862, he lived in Saint Petersburg, and became the chief editor of Sovremennik ("Contemporary"), in which he published his main literary reviews and his essays on philosophy.
He was the spiritual guidance of the progressive intellectuals. Because of his radical ideas he was arrested in July 1862 in St. Petersburg, he was released after seven years of prison in Siberia and eighteen in exile and confined in the Fortress of St. Peter and Paul, where he wrote his only finished novel Что делать? What Is to Be Done?, written during his imprisonment. The novel was written in a only apparent innocuous style and with a romantic plot in the fashion style of the era foreshadowing its real messages and its deeply critical political and social themes to avoid censorship. The novel was published in the Sovremennik review in 1863 and later, when it was banned, the novel began to circulate in clandestine copies becoming a cult novel for generations of Russian revolutionaries, who sought to emulate the novel's hero, who was wholly dedicated to the revolution, ascetic in his habits and ruthlessly disciplined, to the point of sleeping on a bed of nails and eating only meat in order to build strength for the Revolution. Among those who took inspiration from the character was Lenin, who wrote a work of political theory of the same name, and who was ascetic in his personal life.
In 1862, Chernyshevsky was sentenced to civil execution (mock execution), followed by penal servitude (1864-72), and by exile to Vilyuisk, Siberia (1872-83). He died at the age of 61, only four months after his release and his return to his hometown Saratov.
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Displaying 1 - 7 of 7 reviews
June 16, 2015
Bilinçli okuyucu der ki; dönüp bakınca çok net anlaşılıyor bazı uluslar nasıl bu kadar ileri, bazıları dipte dolaşırken...1860 Rusya'sında aşk, paylaşım, emeğin kullanımı, özgürlük, kadının özgürleşmesi ancak bu kadar yalın ve derin anlatılabilir...1860'ların bu görünümlü Rusya'sında elbet bir gün devrim olur...
November 9, 2020
yapmam gereken işlerden kaçma emelime alet etmeyi başardım diye mi bu kadar tatlı geldi yoksa ben her okuduğumu çok beğenme vasatlığına mı yakalandım? çernişevski bunu duysa hep kendimden düşündüğüm için yüzünü ekşitirdi, doğru da yapardı. kremalı çay tarifi denensin.
May 22, 2015
okuyucu ile konuşuyor gibi olup okuyucudan düşüncelerini alması, yada şimdi böyle tahmin etmişsinizdir demesi, ve kurgusu bence çok iyi. başta karakterlerin isimleri karıştı kafamda, bir ara akmadı durdu. ama güzeldi =)
August 29, 2012
Öğrencilik yıllarımın başyapıtı.Nasıl Yapmalı I ve II.
October 21, 2019
“İnsanoğlu kendi doğası karşısında her zaman güçsüzdür.”
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May 9, 2021Rus Yazar Çernişevsky, 19. Yüzyıl dünya yazınında "Nasıl Yapmalı?" romanı ile çok değerli bir yapıt yazmıştı! Çernişevsky'den bahsedince, "dünya yazını"ndan bahsetmekte şaşılacak bir şey yok, Çernişevsky, dünya yazınını kavramış bir yazardı, "Nasıl Yapmalı?" romanına yansıttığı bir kavrayış, bir bilgi idi dünya yazınını kavrayışı. Çernişevsky, bu nedenle de Dostoyevsky ile tartışıyordu, Dostoyevsky, Çernişevsky'yi kıskanır gibi "aşırı Batıcı" olmakla eleştiriyordu, ama, sonraları Dostoyevsky de Batılı ülkelere gitti, romanlar yazdı. Çernişevsky, "Nasıl Yapmalı?" romanında, Rusya'nın 19. Yüzyıl'da "sanayileşme"sini anlatıyor, İngiltere'de Sanayi Devrimi olur, ama, Rusya'ya biraz geç gelir Sanayi Devrimi, Çernişevsky, geç de gelse, Sanayi Devrimi'nin Rusya'da halk tarafından özümlendiğini, uygulandığını yazıyor, Rusya, "sanayileşmek"le de yetinmiyor, İşçi Sınıfı gelişiyor, bir Rus Sosyalizmi oluşuyor. Çernişevsky, Doktor Lopuhov kişiliğiyle, Rus yazınına unutulmaz bir roman kişiliği kazandırıyor, Doktor Lopuhov'un eşi Vera Pavlovna ise kurduğu "konfeksiyon atölyesi" ile Rusya'da sanayileşme ile çoğalmış "yeni insanlar"ı yansıtan bir kişilik, Çernişevsky Rus Sosyalizmi'ni Vera Pavlovna'nın kişiliğinde "Nasıl Yapmalı?" romanında anlatıyor.
September 7, 2019
It is a disappointment. Despite all the back cover introduction and great critiques I have read about the novel, it is a disappointment. The story is not beyond a classic love triangle. Characters are not realistic and very idealistic. Dialogues are artificial.
When a poor translation, editorial and printing (what I had was the 2018 edition and there were many letters in each page already faded away) come on top of above, it turns into a real disappointment.
However, I am committed to read the second volume and finish the book.
When a poor translation, editorial and printing (what I had was the 2018 edition and there were many letters in each page already faded away) come on top of above, it turns into a real disappointment.
However, I am committed to read the second volume and finish the book.
Displaying 1 - 7 of 7 reviews