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Ce qui fait la Grèce #1

Η ελληνική ιδιαιτερότητα: Από τον Όμηρο στον Ηράκλειτο

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Ο Κορνήλιος Καστοριάδης εξηγεί ποια στοιχεία καθιστούν τον ελληνικό πολιτισμό τόσο ξεχωριστό. Με αφορμή το έργο του Ομήρου, του Ησιόδου, καθώς και σημαντικών αρχαίων Ελλήνων στοχαστών, όπως ο Πλάτωνας και ο Αριστοτέλης, καταθέτει τις σκέψεις του για τις ρίζες της ελληνικής σκέψης.

Προσεγγίζει ακόμα ζητήματα, όπως η πρωτοτυπία της διπλής ελληνικής δημιουργίας, η δημοκρατία και η φιλοσοφία, η θέση του ατόμου και η εμπειρία του θανάτου, η φύση της μυθολογίας και η γένεση των φιλοσοφικών ερωτημάτων από ορισμένους προσωκρατικούς (Αναξίμανδρος, Ηράκλειτος).

Η ελληνική ιδιαιτερότητα περιλαμβάνει τους πέντε πρώτους μήνες διδασκαλίας του Κορνήλιου Καστοριάδη στην Ανωτάτη Σχολή Κοινωνικών Επιστημών (EHESS) κατά το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 1982-1983, καθώς και ένα ανέκδοτο κείμενο του 1979. Την ελληνική έκδοση έχει επιμεληθεί η γυναίκα του Κορνήλιου Καστοριάδη, Ζωή.

528 pages, Paperback

First published April 1, 2004

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About the author

Cornelius Castoriadis

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Cornelius Castoriadis (Greek: Κορνήλιος Καστοριάδης) was a Greek philosopher, social critic, economist, psychoanalyst, author of The Imaginary Institution of Society, and co-founder of the Socialisme ou Barbarie group.

Edgar Morin proposed that Castoriadis' work will be remembered for its remarkable continuity and coherence as well as for its extraordinary breadth which was "encyclopaedic" in the original Greek sense, for it offered us a "paideia," or education, that brought full circle our cycle of otherwise compartmentalized knowledge in the arts and sciences. Castoriadis wrote essays on mathematics, physics, biology, anthropology, psychoanalysis, linguistics, society, economics, politics, philosophy, and art.

One of Castoriadis' many important contributions to social theory was the idea that social change involves radical discontinuities that cannot be understood in terms of any determinate causes or presented as a sequence of events. Change emerges through the social imaginary without determinations, but in order to be socially recognized must be instituted as revolution. Any knowledge of society and social change “can exist only by referring to, or by positing, singular entities…which figure and presentify social imaginary significations.”

Castoriadis used traditional terms as much as possible, though consistently redefining them. Further, some of his terminology changed throughout the later part of his career, with the terms gaining greater consistency but breaking from their traditional meaning (neologisms). When reading Castoriadis, it is helpful to understand what he means by the terms he uses, since he does not redefine the terms in every piece where he employs them.

Castoriadis has influenced European (especially continental) thought in important ways. His interventions in sociological and political theory have resulted in some of the most well-known writing to emerge from the continent (especially in the figure of Jürgen Habermas, who often can be seen to be writing against Castoriadis). Hans Joas published a number of articles in American journals in order to highlight the importance of Castoriadis' work to a North American sociological audience, and the enduring importance of Johann P. Arnason, both for his critical engagement with Castoriadis' thought, but also for his sustained efforts to introduce Castoriadis' thought to the English speaking public (especially during his editorship of the journal Thesis Eleven) must also be noted. In the last few years, there has been growing interest in Castoriadis’s thought, including the publication of two monographs authored by Arnason's former students: Jeff Klooger's Castoriadis: Psyche, Society, Autonomy (Brill), and Suzi Adams's Castoriadis's Ontology: Being and Creation (Fordham University Press).

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Displaying 1 - 3 of 3 reviews
Profile Image for Eirini Zazani.
374 reviews21 followers
July 10, 2020
Για μυημένους στην κλασική παιδεία αναγνώστες.
Profile Image for Lillo.
21 reviews
July 4, 2025
Castoriadis hila fino en la filosofía griega, en la constitución última de su literatura y mundo. Agradezco enormemente el aprendizaje adquirido, la contraposición, y todo aquello que conforma la sociedad griega antigua y de lo que se nutre gracias al logoi. Es un texto complejo, que siento que me ha desafiado en mis conocimientos, pero aún con todo es bello en su solidez y análisis. En definitiva, lo volveré a visitar.
Profile Image for Oscar Manuel.
79 reviews3 followers
March 26, 2022
Un lugar común cuando uno empieza la carrera de Filosofía, es la argucia de que el surgimiento del pensamiento filosófico en Grecia se dio como un paso milagroso del mito al logos. El asunto del "milagro griego" puede llevarnos a maravillosas reflexiones, sin embargo, independientemente de lo que podamos concebir como un milagro, el nacimiento de la filosofía en Grecia -enseña Castoriadis-, no entraña una ruptura con el mito, como si éste se tratase de mera idolatría o un complejo irracional de griegos estúpidos que hacían de lo desconocido sus dioses, sino, más bien, la maduración de un pensamiento y una cultura cuyo lenguaje, vida y espíritu alcanzaron la dimensión del ser. Así, a lo largo de los seminarios, Castoriadis nos lleva desde Homero hasta Heráclito en un viaje que nos interna en el alma griega y nos ayuda a comprender ese desarrollo, casi orgánico, de la filosofía y cómo es que en ella aún el mito se mantiene vivo y con fuerza insospechada.
Este libro es esencial para cualquier entusiasta del mundo griego y para estudiantes serios. La voz de Cornelius Castoriadis mantiene su impronta de rectitud académica, pero no es de ningún modo severa; antes bien, es desenfadada como la de un profesor claro y ameno. Incluso el esbozo de las críticas a la interpretación de Heidegger, es claro, y las digresiones, como un barco que cambia su curso ligeramente son muy ilustrativas.
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