Describing a book of pictures to people who can't see them is somewhat silly. Lolita: The Story of a Cover Girl: Vladimir Nabokov's Novel in Art and Design is not the first book consisting primarily of images that I have tried to review, but it might be the trickiest.
First of all, the reader needs to know what Lolita is like. It is a novel that presents itself as a statement by a convicted murderer about what led to his crime. Perhaps the reader should know first that the killing, while obviously an illegal act, is not the most despicable crime that the narrator commits. And that leads us to Dolores Haze, the twelve year old girl to whom the narrator refers as "Lolita."
It would almost be pointless to try to give a brief summation of Lolita; it is much too complex. I would guess that anyone interested enough to read about book covers for this extraordinary work is probably already familiar with the book. I will just say that the principal relationship in the story is between the narrator, who has chosen to use the name "Humbert Humbert" for himself in this chronicle of his life, and Dolores Haze. Humbert is a good-looking European immigrant in his mid-thirties. Dolores is, as stated, a twelve year old, who lives with her widowed mother. Humbert and Dolores's mother marry. Humbert feels no affection for his new wife; what he does feel is lust for his wife's daughter. Dolores's mother dies, and Humbert and Dolores live together, traveling much of the time. They (very) quickly become "lovers," or, at least, sexual partners. Humbert does this because he is obsessed and because he can; Dolores - Lolita - does this because she sees no other choice.
The book is greatly concerned with sex but it is not at all salacious. Much of it is very funny, but I would not consider it a comic novel. So what should be on the cover?
The reader should know what Nabokov said about his preference for a cover:
I want pure colours, melting clouds, accurately drawn details, a sunburst above a receding road with the light reflected in furrows and ruts, after rain. And no girls. If we cannot find that kind of artistic and virile painting, let us settle for an immaculate white jacket (rough texture paper instead of the usual glossy kind), with LOLITA in bold black lettering.
And in another quote from Nabokov:
There is one subject which I am emphatically opposed to: any kind of representation of a little girl.
This book has a section of eighty proposed covers for Lolita, designed by "a selection of international designers, including in-house designers at publishing houses and freelance book designers, as well as those for whom designing book covers is a rarity."
Some of these seem to me to be awful. One by Vivienne Flesher and Ward Schumaker and another by Graham Wood look belligerently ugly. Some appear to indicate that the book is straight-up comedy; that would include the submissions from Johanna Drucker, Diane Shaw, and (especially) Chip Wasserman. One, by Sam Weber, has a picture of a Humbertish man, eyes closed in ecstasy or exhaustion.
Too many of them perform typographical stunts with the title:
Geetika Alok
almost unreadable with a stylized LO over another stylized L and then three peculiar designs that, if the reader already knows the book title, look vaguely like ITA
Michael Bierut
L❤️
LI
TA
Aliza Dzik
a giant, white on black
LO
Lauren Harden and Seth Ferris
lo▪️li▪️ta
Daniel Justi
pictures used in place of letters, e. g., a flower for "O" and a lipstick tube for "I"
Marina Mills Kitchen
"Lo" in upper left corner printed going up, "Li" in middle right, "Ta" in lower left corner printed going down
and similar shenanigans by Sueh Li Tan, Catherine Nippe (truly unreadable), Andy Pressman (a formless blur), Tanya Rubbak (unreadable without prior knowledge - if at all), Paula Scher, Isaac Tobin, Anne Ulku, and Henry Sene Yee. As far as I can tell, the covers by Kate Gibb and Jen Wang are determined not to let readers have any idea what the book title is.
The ones I actually like are:
Mark Abrams
Exactly what Nabokov said he didn't want. A young girl in a bikini, showing the right half of her body from just below her shoulder to slightly above her knee. She is holding a large beach ball, pink with white polka dots. The name of the book is in script written across the ball. Nabokov's name is in block letters of different colors under the ball. The picture is entirely in Benday dots, like a comic strip or a Roy Lichtenstein painting. Yes, it's a girl in a bathing suit, but not remotely erotic.
Margot Harrington
The top of the cover says VLADIMIR NABOKOV in a simple font. The picture below shows a red balloon escaping from a manicured, young-appearing female hand, with nails that are also red. The balloon has the book title on it in white. The consonants are all in elongated capital letters; the vowels are in extremely elongated non-capital letters, the same size as the consonants. Little pieces of red are flaking off from the balloon. The background color is gray. This obviously represents a loss of innocence.
Oliver Munday
This is mostly the brown of a darker than usual paper bag. I would definitely want that changed to a different color. The name of the book is in the upper left, the name of the author is in the lower right. The letters are not in a straight line. I would change that as well.
What I do like is the picture. It shows a man facing to the left, but the "man" appears to be a sort of forest. I see the body as being made up of trees, although I am by no means certain that is what is intended. Just under the man's right shoulder, there is the small figure of a girl in a pure white silhouette, looking into the distance. I think this captures the domination of Humbert over Lolita and her desire to get away.
Transfer Studios
The top third or so of the cover is white. At the bottom of the white space, it says VLADIMIR NABOKOV in black letters in a simple font. The rest of the cover is mostly a light gray. At the bottom of the cover is printed LOLITA in a larger and wider font. The letters are a sort of purple. The "O" has been replaced with a reddish lollipop, with the lollipop stick in front of the second "L" in the title. There is a small pool of something pink under the lollipop, as if part of the lollipop had been wet.
For some reason, I find this quite affectingly sad. The lollipop obviously represents Lolita herself and the pink liquid would, I suppose, be tears.
Had I world enough and time (or if I thought anybody would be likely to read this), I would like to discuss each cover design in detail, but I will just include one more. Agata Jakubowska has a prospective cover with a mustardy green background. Throughout the background, there are small designs of pink pistols; this all looks rather like wallpaper. The central image is a large pink waterpistol, which has squirted out a large quantity of what is obviously meant to be semen. The title and author of the book are printed in the semen.
I am just amused to think that if this cover had been used, probably not a lot of people would want to be seen reading this on the subway.
Most of the book is not about these eighty cover designs, which have never been and likely will never be used on a real book. The book also shows about 65 covers that have actually been used on different editions. Many of the ones that have been used ignore Nabokov's "no girls" instruction. In fact, one of the pictures shown in this book is the back cover of a Russian paperback edition; I think that it is unquestionably an example of child pornography. It is a photograph of a young, very pretty blonde girl, naked to at least well below her navel, which is where the picture is cut off.
There is a fair amount of text in the book. Since it was written by several different people, there is considerable duplication. There is also at least one example of extreme non-duplication. There is a 1957 Swedish edition that shows a seated young girl wearing a red dress and green shoes. She looks to me close to the correct age to be Lolita. The background of the picture is darkish brown.
Dieter E. Zimmer says:
Like it or not, each of them makes the claim to be the Lolita of the novel, whether it's the 1957 Swedish edition's childish form lumbering cheerlessly in chocolate sauce (Nabokov had nothing against the book cover, but twice he took legal action because of the errors in translation and the outrageous omissions)
Can one "lumber" sitting down? I don't think so.
Duncan White says of the same edition:
Nabokov expressed his horror at the "horrible young whore" on the cover of the Swedish edition.
So this sweet girl is really a horrible young whore lumbering (seated) through chocolate sauce. I suppose that the chocolate sauce might conceivably stimulate interest in her whoring. Would she actually be working as a street-lumberer rather than a street-walker? (The girl in the picture looks to me not remotely like a whore. I wonder if Duncan White might be discussing the wrong book cover.)
A sizeable number of the covers shown use images that are taken from other sources. Several of them are from the two films that have been made of Lolita. Actually only one cover shown has an image of Sue Lyon, playing Lolita in the 1962 film, but there are half a dozen showing Dominique Swain as Lolita and Jeremy Irons as Humbert from the 1997 film. Some of the cover pictures are reproductions of paintings, two very different images by Balthus, one from Botticelli's The Birth of Venus, one from Klimt, and several different Russian editions using variations of an 1876 painting titled In Bed showing a young girl sleeping, painted by Federico Zandomeneghi.
One of the other covers is from a Norwegian edition "which depicted Lolita as a duckling peeping out of a keyhole." One from Turkey shows a very happy-looking couple, both appearing to be adults, embracing. One of the Russian editions shows what Yuri Leving, author of the section about Russian publications of Lolita, describes as "a teenage school girl with typical Slavic facial features and dressed up as a cheap harlot." (She does look Slavic to me and she is lying on a bed - alone - and smiling. However, she is appropriately clad. I'm not familiar with the way cheap harlots dress in Russia, but I would expect something more provocative. Leving refers to a girl on another cover as having her appearance of "innocence...undermined...by the bold color of the girl's lipstick and her décolleté dress." Her lipstick as shown here is a very pale pink. The top she is wearing, which may be part of a dress, does have a vee neck, but it does not go down deeply enough to show even the slightest amount of cleavage. Honi soit qui mal y pense, Mr. Leving.)
Somewhat oddly, I think, none of the covers shown demonstrate any desire to follow Nabokov's wishes to have "pure colours, melting clouds, accurately drawn details, a sunburst above a receding road with the light reflected in furrows and ruts, after rain." My surmise is that publishers believe that a cover with an attractive young (but not too young) girl will sell more books than a painting of sunlight on muddy ruts.
I found this book visually fascinating. I have never given a lot of thought to the reasons for the designs of book covers but that may change now.