Munshi Premchand (Hindi: मुंशी प्रेमचंद) was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent,and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindustani writers of the early twentieth century.
Born Dhanpat Rai, he began writing under the pen name "Nawab Rai", but subsequently switched to "Premchand", while he is also known as "Munshi Premchand", Munshi being an honorary prefix. A novel writer, story writer and dramatist, he has been referred to as the "Upanyas Samrat" ("Emperor among Novelists") by some Hindi writers. His works include more than a dozen novels, around 250 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of foreign literary works into Hindi.
Premchand is considered the first Hindi author whose writings prominently featured realism. His novels describe the problems of the poor and the urban middle-class. His works depict a rationalistic outlook, which views religious values as something that allows the powerful hypocrites to exploit the weak. He used literature for the purpose of arousing public awareness about national and social issues and often wrote about topics related to corruption, child widowhood, prostitution, feudal system, poverty, colonialism and on the India's freedom movement.
Several of his early works, such as A Little Trick and A Moral Victory, satirised the Indians who cooperated with the British colonial government.
In the 1920s, he was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement and the accompanying struggle for social reform. During this period, his works dealt with the social issues such as poverty, zamindari exploitation (Premashram, 1922), dowry system (Nirmala, 1925), educational reform and political oppression (Karmabhumi, 1931).
In his last days, he focused on village life as a stage for complex drama, as seen in his most famous work Godan as well as the short-story collection Kafan (1936).Premchand believed that social realism was the way for Hindi literature, as opposed to the "feminine quality", tenderness and emotion of the contemporary Bengali literature.
What an amazing collection of stories! While I am so thrilled to have read my first book by Munshi Premchand, I am sad for having not done it sooner. He is such a great writer, so much beauty in his language while being so simple and his characters are unforgettable.
This book has the following stories :
1) Shatranj ke khiladi 2) Sadgati 3) Kafan 4) Namak ka daroga 5) Boodhi kaaki 6) Panch parmeshwar 7) Idgaah 8) Do bailon ki katha 9) Poos ki raat
My favorites were Shatranj ke khiladi, Sadgati, Kafan, Boodhi kaaki and Idgaah. Some made me laugh, some made me cry, some did both. I felt as if he pealed layers off of my heart and left it exposed to feel, to empathize. That can be quite unsettling, but its good.
My first experience of reading Premchand and nothing better than reading it in Hindi. Each story a delight to read; really amazed at the way each story is weaved to bring out a social message, some directly and some indirectly. How easily he understands the psyche of humans and brings it so effectively in all his characters in the stories. There is so much food for thought as some of the issues he touched upon in his stories are still as prevalent in current times as they were earlier. Hats off to him for all these masterpieces. Look forward to read him more.
“Premchand Ke Mashoor Kahaniyan” ek prabhavit sangrah hai jo Munshi Premchand ke krititva aur vyaktigatata ka sundar udaharan prastut karta hai. Is sangrah mein unke 20 chuninda laghu kathayein hain, jo samakalin jeevan ke moolya tatvo ko samajhne ka avsar deti hain. Premchand ki kahaniyon mein samajik matabhed, vyaktigat sangharsh, aur insaniyat ke moolya tatv prakat hote hain. Unki kathaon mein vyakti ki sangharsh, naitikata, aur samajik complexities ko prastut kiya gaya hai. In chhoti kahaniyon mein Premchand ne manav sangharsh, naitikata, aur samajik jatibhed ke muddo par likha. Unka lekhan samajik sudhar ke liye ek mahatvapurna sadhan ban gaya. Yeh sangrah sahitya premiyon ke liye ek samay-hin ratn hai