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« Le développement [de tout l’homme et de tous les hommes] a besoin de chrétiens qui ont les mains tendues vers Dieu dans un geste de prière, conscients du fait que l’amour riche de vérité – caritas in veritate –, d’où procède l’authentique développement, n’est pas produit par nous, mais nous est donné. C’est pourquoi, même dans les moments les plus difficiles et les situations les plus complexes, nous devons non seulement réagir en conscience, mais aussi et surtout nous référer à son amour. Le développement suppose une attention à la vie spirituelle, une sérieuse considération des expériences de confiance en Dieu, de fraternité spirituelle dans le Christ, de remise de soi à la Providence et à la Miséricorde divine, d’amour et de pardon, de renoncement à soi-même, d’accueil du prochain, de justice et de paix. Tout cela est indispensable pour transformer les “cœurs de pierre” en “cœurs de chair”, au point de rendre la vie sur terre “divine” et, par conséquent, plus digne de l’homme. »
Benedictus PP XVI
124 pages, Paperback
First published June 29, 2009
A society lacks solid foundations when, on the one hand, it asserts values such as the dignity of the person, justice and peace, but then, on the other hand, radically acts to the contrary by allowing or tolerating a variety of ways in which human life is devalued and violated, especially where it is weak or marginalized.2021 Lenten reading. As such it didn't really inspire me since it is Pope Benedict's thoughts and updated commentary about previous papal encyclicals about social justice — not a topic which tends to be very inspirational as a rule. However, even in this topic there is something to grab one's heart and that applies to both current events and to our own lives.
Development needs Christians with their arms raised towards God in prayer, Christians moved by the knowledge that truth-filled love, caritas in veritate, from which authentic development proceeds, is not produced by us, but given to us. For this reason, even in the most difficult and complex times, besides recognizing what is happening, we must above all else turn to God's love. Development requires attention to the spiritual life, a serious consideration of the experiences of trust in God, spiritual fellowship in Christ, reliance upon God's providence and mercy, love and forgiveness, self-denial, acceptance of others, justice and peace. All this is essential if “hearts of stone” are to be transformed into “hearts of flesh” (Ezek 36:26), rendering life on earth “divine” and thus more worthy of humanity. All this is of man, because man is the subject of his own existence; and at the same time it is of God, because God is at the beginning and end of all that is good, all that leads to salvation: “the world or life or death or the present or the future, all are yours; and you are Christ's; and Christ is God's” (1 Cor 3:22-23).Definitely worth reading and reflecting upon.
I've been looking forward to reading Benedict's third encyclical, Charity in Truth. I've enjoyed his writing in the previous encyclicals--clear, simple, and encouraging. As I began this one, I enjoyed it just as much. I so agree with Benedict's statements that development must be grounded in the foundation of truth and love that originates from God. I've seen in my experience that simply putting money into development projects is nearly useless in bringing about long-lasting change. I wondered where Benedict was heading with this solid introduction. What could he possibly say in this short document?
Unfortunately, in the second half of the book, I felt that the writing became vague, tortuous, and unfocused. It was actually a little embarrassing reading Benedict's skimming the surface of anthropology, sociology, and politics. In 157 short pages, Benedict covers topics including: sex education, family planning, micro-finance, environmentalism, unemployment, tourism, migration, social security, welfare, globalization, technology, social media . . . it's a dizzying and almost laughable range of enormous issues, each treated with a page or two of pithy platitudes and very general encouragements like this: "Let us hope that the international community and individual governments will succeed in countering harmful ways of treating the environment" (104). Well, indeed. But does this encyclical really get us much closer to that? What about this statement: "Hence a sustained commitment is needed so as to promote a person-based and community-oriented cultural process of worldwide integration that is open to transcendence" (85). Huh? When I read something by the Pope, I expect something a bit more than corporate-speak gibberish.
I'm looking at this encyclical more critically, and with more skepticism, than the previous encyclicals because I've spent 12 years living in a developing country, engaged in various kinds of development work (specifically, projects related to language, literacy, and the arts). In those 12 years, many of my high-minded ideals have been at least numbed, if not shattered entirely. One morning during the time I was reading Charity in Truth I was walking around Kainantu, looking at the squalor of the town and crying out within myself: "How can this ever get any better?" I've seen this town, and so much else in this country, not simply remain at the same level but actually get noticeably worse, just in my short 12 years here. I'm overwhelmed by the cultural differences, which seem more insurmountable the longer I'm here wrestling with them. What is the solidarity that Benedict desires in his writing--and I don't mean some tidy definition and optimistic dream, but what is it and how do we ever possibly achieve it? When I read Charity in Truth I feel like I'm reading the musings of someone in a comfortable, developed country. But in real development work there are so many cultural factors that separate us and have good people working unknowingly at cross-purposes. I just found the encyclical frustrating and unhelpful at many points.
From my perspective, Benedict says nothing new to transformational development work. Because he is limited to referencing only writings by himself and his two predecessors (I don't know a lot about Roman Catholicism, so I don't know why he is under this restriction in the encyclical), he seems to be overlooking a lot of good development literature: Bryant Myers's standard text, Walking with the Poor, for example, and of course a great number of documents created by UNESCO over the past couple of decades. His assorted musings range from naive optimism to worthwhile sentiments, but they don't (for me) add up to much of lasting value.
The conclusion of the book returns to the solid foundation that I enjoyed in the first half. In the midst of the despair and discouragement I often feel in development work, I must hold on to this:
Awareness of God's undying love sustains us in our laborious and stimulating work for justice and the development of peoples, amid successes and failures, in the ceaseless pursuit of a just ordering of human affairs. God's love calls us to move beyond the limited and the ephemeral, it gives us the courage to continue seeking and working for the benefit of all, even if this cannot be achieved immediately and if what we are able to achieve, alongside political authorities and those working in the field of economics, is always less than we might wish. (154-55)Amen. Lord, help my unbelief.
