O Livro Azul

by Ludwig Wittgenstein

青色本は1933-34年に口述されたテキストであり、後に言語ゲームとして知られることになる概念が先駆的に導入されているという点で、
1932年以降のウィトゲンシュタイン哲学の画期をなすとされている。
ウィトゲンシュタインの主著、「論理哲学論考」「哲学探究」の著書の間の時期に書かれた。
「もっとも読みやすいウィトゲンシュタイン」。

Genres: Philosophy

125 pages, Unknown Binding

Published February 1, 1992

About the author

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (Ph.D., Trinity College, Cambridge University, 1929) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.

Described by Bertrand Russell as "the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived, passionate, profound, intense, and dominating", he helped inspire two of the twentieth century's principal philosophical movements: the Vienna Circle and Oxford ordinary language philosophy. According to an end of the century poll, professional philosophers in Canada and the U.S. rank both his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations among the top five most important books in twentieth-century philosophy, the latter standing out as "...the one crossover masterpiece in twentieth-century philosophy, appealing across diverse specializations and philosophical orientations". Wittgenstein's influence has been felt in nearly every field of the humanities and social sciences, yet there are widely diverging interpretations of his thought.

Reviews

[Hrafnkell Úlfur · Rating 3 out of 5]

Bláa bókin er rauð

Afar áhugaverð bók sem að fer víða. Pælingar um merkingu orða, hvernig tungumál tjáir skynreynslu, hvernig tungumálið getur tjáð eitthvað sem er ómögulegt og fleira. Mun líklega lesa hana aftur bráðlega. Eina sem ég myndi vilja breyta við hana er að henni yrði skipt niður í kafla.

[امیرمحمد حیدری · Rating 3 out of 5]

بدون خواندن مکمل این کتاب، یعنی کتاب قهوه‌ای، مسائل کتاب آبی ما را با مثال‌هایی در مقیاس بسیار کوچک که به تفصیل شرح داده شده‌اند تنها می‌گذارد.

[nyaru · Rating 5 out of 5]

"Language games are the forms of language with which a child begins to make use of words. The study of language-games is the study of primitive forms of language or primitive languages. If we want to study the problems of truth and falsehood, of the agreement and disagreement of propositions with reality, of the nature of assertion, assumption, and question, we shall with great advantage look at primitive forms of language in which these forms of thinking appear without the confusing background of highly complicated processes of thought. When we look at such simple forms of language, the mental mist which seems to enshroud our ordinary use of language disappears."

"Take another example: Socrates' question: “What is knowledge?” Here the case is even clearer, as the discussion begins with the pupil giving an example of an exact definition; and then analogous to this, a definition of the word “knowledge” is asked for. As the problem is put, it seems that there is something wrong with the ordinary use of the word “knowledge”. It appears, we don't know what it means, and that therefore, perhaps, we have no right to use it. We should reply: “There is no one exact usage of the word ‘knowledge’; but we can make up several such usages, which will more or less agree with the ways the word is actually used.
The man who is philosophically puzzled sees a law in the way a word is used, and trying to apply this law consistently, comes up against cases where it leads to paradoxical results. /.../
Philosophy, as we use the word, is a fight against the fascination which forms of expression exert upon us."

"And why should one be puzzled just by the lack of a definition of time, and not by the lack of a definition of “chair”? /.../ Now the puzzlement about the grammar of the word | “time” arises from what one might call apparent contradictions in that grammar."

"The situation in a way is typical in the study of philosophy; and one sometimes has described it by saying that no philosophical problem can be solved until all philosophical problems are solved; which means that as long as they aren't all solved every new difficulty renders all our previous results questionable."

[Liv Y · Rating 4 out of 5]

Part 4/?

So I mayyyy have gotten impatient with all the math stuff and skipped ahead to the later Wittgenstein.

Being notes from his lectures + written originally in English, these weren’t too bad with some secondary text. I was really frustrated with Wittgenstein continuously saying “I’ll return to this difficult point later” AND NEVER DOING IT!!!!! Definitely hurt my brain but was overall an insightful experience. Wittgenstein provides what I love so much about philosophy. He very thoroughly examines something I’ve thought before but was never able to explain well enough to analyze further. There’s some slow/technical sections that I don’t really get, but as a whole I find his arguments very compelling. I don’t agree with what he says because it kind of leaves philosophy at a dead end, but he perfectly expresses my hate for definition debates ❤️❤️

[João Cruz · Rating 4 out of 5]

"O que é o sentido de uma palavra?" e assim começa este livro... Nada fácil. Tendo Wittgenstein começado como matemático "fanático" da lógica totalmente demonstrável, é curioso acompanhar a sua evolução para algo tão subjectivamente distinto, ou seja, Wittgenstein divaga muito sobre a linguagem, mas em simultåneo realça o facto de que a abordagem de um problema (matemático, físico, ou outro) tem obrigatoriamente de ser feita utilizando palavras muito bem escolhidas. Por vezes, palavras que parecem significar o mesmo introduzem barreiras intransponíveis ao nosso entendimento.

[João Álvares · Rating 5 out of 5]

Livro excelente, mas tradutor muito fraco. O livro não foi revisto por ninguém: há uma quantidade enorme de vírgulas, de acentos, de espaços a mais e uma dificuldade em utilizar expressões comuns como o próprio Wittgenstein trata neste mesmo livro.

[Hamed · Rating 4 out of 5]

حمله به تعریف
حمله به ذات و جوهر
حمله به تمایز سوژه و ابژه
حمله به من

علی رغم اینکه مشهور شده ویتگنشتاین متاخر سولیپسیسم را کنار گذاشته
اما اینجا هم مثل تراکتاتوس همچنان سولیپسیست است

[Relstuart · Rating 3 out of 5]

I saw a meme referencing Wittgenstein, noted he's highly regarded as one of the foremost philosophers of the 20th century. Realized I had this in my library and read through it last night. Short but dense. I also read his biography on Wikipedia.

We can't have ideas with no language with the meaning of those ideas. Language constrains the limits of our thoughts, yet language is just a tool to capture some of the underlying meaning we feel/know.

Wendell Berry is an author that discusses some of these limits as well - I'd likely read more of Berry but not sure I'd read more Wittgenstein.

[laurentiu]

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