Polish-American writer Sholem Asch (also written Shalom Ash, Yiddish: שלום אַש, Polish: Szalom Asz) sought to reconcile Judaism and Christianity in his controversial novels, such as The Nazarene (1939).
Sholem Asch composed dramas and essays in the language.
Frajda Malka bore Asch and nine other children to Moszek Asz, a cattle-dealer and innkeeper. Asch received tradition and as a young man followed, obtained a more liberal education at Włocławek, and supported with letters for the illiterate townspeople. He moved to Warsaw and met and married Mathilde Shapiro, the daughter of Menahem Mendel Shapiro. The Haskalah or Hebrew enlightenment initially influenced Asch, but Isaac Leib Peretz convinced him to switch.
Plot of God of Vengeance, his drama of 1907 features a lesbian relationship in a brothel.
He traveled to Palestine in 1908 and to the United States in 1910.
His Kiddush ha-Shem in 1919 in the earliest historical modern literature concerns the anti-Semitic uprising of Khmelnytsky in mid-17th century Ukraine.
He sat out World War I in the United States and a naturalized as a citizen in 1920. He returned.
People celebrated a 12-volume set of his collected works, published in his own lifetime in the early 1920s.
When people performed God of Vengeance, the highly esteemed play, on Broadway in 1923, authorities arrested and successfully prosecuted the entire cast on obscenity charges despite the fact that people in Europe already translated it into German, Russian, Hebrew, Italian, Czech, and Norwegian.
Farn Mabul (Before the Flood, translated as Three Cities), his trilogy of 1929 to 1931, describes early 20th century life in Saint Petersburg, Warsaw, and Moscow.
In 1932, the republic awarded the decoration of Polonia Restituta, and the club of poets, essayists, and novelists (PEN) elected him honorary president.
He later moved to France and visited Palestine again in 1936. Dos Gezang fun Tol (The Song of the Valley) about the halutzim or Zionist pioneers in Palestine reflects his visit of 1936 to that region.
He set his Bayrn Opgrunt (1937), translated as The Precipice, in Germany during the hyperinflation of the 1920s.
He settled in the United States in 1938.
He, however, later offended sensibilities with The Apostle, and Mary, parts of his trilogy, which in 1939 to 1949 dealt with subjects of New Testament. The Forward, leading language newspaper of New York, dropped him and openly attacked him for promotion.
Asch spent most his last two years in Bat Yam near Tel Aviv, Israel but died in London. His house in Bat Yam now houses his namesake museum. Yale University holds the bulk of his library, which contains rare books and manuscripts, including some of his own works.
Romanzetto russo, con un po' di dostoieskismi e di verismo sentimentale, ma molto lontano dal modello. La storia dell'erede Mirkin, suo padre Gabriele (plutocrate ebreo), Nina (la fidanzata ereditiera), il dileipadre (avvocato di successo ebreo), e la dileimadre Olga (matrona russa ancora piacente con sfrizzoli di gioventù). Asch butta sul tappeto ghiacciato una miriade di temi, tutti potenzialmente interessanti, ma senza svolgerne nessuno in modo compiuto*. L''ebraismo russo ricco e povero, i primi moti rivoluzionari, i tentennamenti del cuore giovane e meno giovane, un mènage à quatre che incrocia fidanzati e suoceri, una madre tradita e rinunciataria, tentativi di suicidio falliti, coquette e mogli tradite, figli portati al ladrocinio per vivere la bella vita. Un mischione da cui non si salva molto, se non la descrizione del primo giorno di primavera (coincidente con la mia lettura!) con i blocchi di ghiaccio che corrono nella Neva con ancora le tracce degli abitanti, in una notte che è giorno caliginoso. Questa l'immagine potentissima del libro, e che rimasta nel mio immaginario. Il resto, mah, sarebbe da buttare se fosse stato scritto oggi, ma risale al 1929 e mi affascinano sempre le narrazioni "dal di dentro" di epoche storiche ricchissime di avvenimenti che si concretizzeranno in rivoluzioni sociali (chissà come finiranno l'avvocato e il plutocrate potentissimi, ma soprattutto i loro figli?) *ci sarebbero anche altri due titoli a chiudere la trilogia, Varsavia (dove sembra di capire che si trasferirà Mirkin) e Mosca, che forse vale la pena leggere per chiudere il cerchio.
L’auteur Schalom Asch décrit la bourgeoisie de la capitale russe Petersbourg dans les années 1910 en suivant la vie du jeune Zakhari, fils et petit-fils des constructeurs du transsibérien. Mais Petersbourg est aussi la ville où affluent tous ceux qui sont les victimes de la tyrannie du régime et qui veulent rencontrer l’avocat réputé Halperine pour les défendre. Zakhari travaille comme assistant de l’avocat et de ce fait est confronté aux deux milieux : d’une part celui de la bourgeoisie juive et d’autre part celui de la foule des miséreux venus plaider leur cause auprès de l’avocat et qui doivent se cacher car n’ayant pas de permis de séjour dans la capitale Zakhari sera tiraillé entre ces deux mondes tout au long du roman.
Il y a 2 façons de lire ce livre. La première est celle sans a priori d'un quelconque lecteur du 21e siècle. Dans ce cas, autant refermer l'ouvrage avant même d'avoir commencé, tant le style, le rythme, les personnages et les dialogues sont datés. La seconde consiste à partir du contexte littéraire et historique de l'ouvrage, avoir un peu une démarche d'historien en somme. Si Stefan Zweig en a écrit la préface, et tient Asch pour une référence de la littérature juive ashkénaze, c'est sans nul doute parce qu'il offre un regard important sur l'époque. Le style et le récit prennent alors sens : ils sont une fenêtre sur un monde et une littérature désormais disparus.
Un livre remarquable d’abord par son thème : l’identité juive dans la Russie de la fin de l’époque tsariste, et notamment la cassure entre les assimilationnistes presque intégrés dans la capitale russe et les populations très « séparatistes » du Yiddishland. Dans la forme, le livre s’inscrit dans la lignée des grands romans anglais du siècle précédent.
Bon. Ce n’est que le premier tome de la trilogie. Donc rien n’est dit encore. La révolution ne fait que couver. Pas encore totalement sous le charme du livre. On se perd un peu trop dans les histoires de famille pour l’instant.