The famous novel about the Holodomor. Well, it has always been probably more known in the form of a movie adaptation (“Голод-33”, 1991). Wikipedia says that “У грудні 1991 року, перед референдумом, його показували цілу ніч на всіх каналах українського телебачення, і він без сумніву вплинув на рішення глядачів проголосувати за незалежність України.” I do not remember this, neither the referendum itself, but I remember that we were herded into cinemas by our teachers and this movie was shown to whole schools then, and it was one of the darkest and scariest experiences of my childhood (I doubt that it had any educational value though, as the teachers definitely didn’t care much about TALKING to us about this movie and the Holodomor overall, and if a child does not have proper background information, this movie is perceived more like a “bad trip,” similar to those trashy horror movies that we were watching a lot those days). Maybe I should rewatch it now but I really do not want to, even if I do not remember anything in particular now.
I suppose that this book is a mandatory part of the school curriculum now, but we did not read it then, so I was not familiar with this book until now.
It was a difficult reading — not because the contents were scary (it is frightening and depressing by nature, of course, but I did not find it very troubling on a personal level, honestly) but because the book is very “thick,” monotonous, and just boring. It is a well-written book, but I always say that if such startling material about one of the most appalling tragedies in human history seems “boring,” there is something wrong with this book.
I also think that it is more “educational propaganda” than a sincere novel. The author apparently wanted to show the tragedy of the Holodomor with a more or less documentary precision but shaped as if a story of a normal Ukrainian family. The intention was excellent, but reading this book, I felt most of the time that the author does not care about this family as human beings. He does not show us their thoughts and feelings, their life outside the context of the Holodomor; no, he is very busy showing us the Holodomor itself, all its aspects, as many of them as possible per text unit. You can clearly see the artificial structure of the book, where the author steers his characters into one or another situation, just because he wanted to tell us about various sides of the problem, even if his characters would not do all these things in real life. This family somehow is witnessing too many dimensions of the Holodomor than a regular Ukrainian peasant would in reality, often in dubious circumstances.
For example, I was confused by the last pages of the book, where the mother, who had already buried all her family except for the youngest son, decides to visit “Торгсин” and exchange her silver decoration for flour. I am sorry, she should have done it months ago in order to save at least her children! It was a very usual path for all starving peasants, and they knew about the “Торгсин” chain very well, as it was organized with the purpose of extracting all the valuables from desperate people under the threat of slow and painful death. I cannot imagine a mother who knows that she has this last reserve and still does not use it, just watching how her children die from starvation. And now, after almost all of her family died, she comes to “Торгсин” with this decoration as if this were no big deal. This unexpected development appeared probably because the author decided that he should say something about the fatal role of “Торгсин” in the Holodomor but remembered it too late (apparently, he had already published volume one of the book before finishing volume two); nevertheless, he added the episode clumsily.
Later, there is an even weirder situation: the author wanted to show us how Ukrainian peasants were forced to move to neighboring regions (that were not starving at all!) and find some work there in order to survive. Again, he probably remembered it too late, when almost all the family was dead, so he arranged this “job” for the youngest son, who was lost. I did not understand the age of the boy but, based on the previous parts of the book, I had an impression that he was very, very young, probably an elementary school child (below 8?). He was definitely the youngest child, and he was going to school with his older sister at the beginning of the book, and this girl also looked like a little child to me. However, near the end of the book, he, a lonely child, meets some man who knows that the kid is lost and needs to return home and find his mother; the man does not help the boy to find his way home; no, he proposes him to travel with him and work, being very insistent about it:
“— Шкода. Тобі — куди?
— Додому їду, там мати ждуть.
— З харчами ж як?
— Борошно є в хустині, мати виміняли — спекти корж.
— Небагато. Так ви обоє не виживете, їдь зо мною на підробітки, в Білорусь: там люди, як свої, не схожі на отих, як їх…
— Не можу! Мати ждуть.
— Як же два роти кормити? Одній легше; корінцями прохарчується. Тужить і виглядає тебе? Так обоє ж пропадете дома. От біда! Ти б заробив трохи хліба для неї, — хлопцям платять, гілки треба тягати.
— Ні, я до мати поїду.
— Як хочеш. Двоє в хаті: ні одно, ні друге не виживе, коли харчів нема. Скрізь так. Дорогу згубив?
— Згубив; три дні блукаю.
— Так біда і так! Ніж довго блукати, то краще б заробив хоч на хлібину. Казатимеш, що ти мій племінник.”
And yes, the boy eventually agrees and goes somewhere far away (to Bilorus!) and works hard there, like an adult person. This is totally inconsistent with his supposed young age and with the most probable behavior of any kind and sympathetic adult who would meet a lost child.
There are many small and bigger things like that in the book, and it would be OK if the book were still captivating. However, my main problem with it was that it is just boring, as I said. The author crammed so much “educational information” into it that his characters became cardboardish “vehicles” intended to show us the Holodomor realities but not to introduce us to these people and their lives overall.
I also disliked multiple mentions of cannibalism there. This is a horrifying phenomenon, of course, and it draws attention to itself understandably. However, if you read this book with an “educational” purpose, you may be left with an impression that, during the Holodomor, every other person was a cannibal or that becoming a cannibal was a “natural” evolution for any starving person. This book is full of cannibals or fear of them, similarly to the darkest postapocalyptic stories like “The Road” by Cormac McCarthy. In reality, cannibalism is a VERY rare event even in the circumstances when millions of people die from famine. Very few people are able to “transgress” our inherent fear and aversion to eating human flesh, not to mention killing people in order to eat them. This was equally true in Ukraine during the Holodomor and in besieged Leningrad, for example. While hundreds, thousands, hundreds of thousands of people just die silently from starvation, there may be no more than a dozen among them who become cannibals (and in most cases, this would become known accidentally and discussed surreptitiously, rather than like “our new normal realities”). In this novel, everybody looks like they personally know or have met at least several cannibals and should make efforts to avoid being eaten by them… This is not only historically untrue but also demoralizing our society in general while we are trying to make sense of our history. Learning that “we are a society of either cannibals or their victims” is not helpful (and not true, as I said).
Otherwise, it is a very decent book, with a superbly rich and natural language, that reconstructs the events more or less correctly. Near the end, it even becomes more personal and absorbing, but I was still constantly “lost” most of the time (not being able to follow where our characters are right now, how they got there, and what they are doing). It’s a good book, but I feel sorry for those schoolchildren who have to read it as part of their curriculum for the literature course. It may seriously discourage children from reading, especially serious and important books about our history.
“— Ви від якого місяця голодні?
— З осені дуже голодні, а зовсім — від грудня.
— Від грудня? Тепер нема такого місяця.
— Ні, є грудень.
— Нема, вже нема! Тепер місяці нові — вчора нам сусід сказав.
— Як по-новому грудень?
— Зветься: трупень.
— Січень — як?
— Зветься: могилень.
— А ті, що попереду?
— Вересень тепер розбоєнь, бо грабували всіх, жовтень — худень, а листопад — пухлень.
— А після січня?
— Лютий — людоїдень, березень — пустирень, квітень — чумень, а далі я забув.”