Leaving Orbit: Notes from the Last Days of American Spaceflight by Margaret Lazarus Dean
“Leaving Orbit" is a personal quest to understand the end of NASA’s space shuttle program. Author, professor and space enthusiast, Margaret Lazarus Dean provides readers with a sentimental eulogy of sorts of the space program from a first-person perspective. This heartfelt 240-page book includes the following nine chapters: 1. The Beginnings of the Future: This Is Cape Canaveral, 2. What It Felt Like to Walk on the Moon, 3. Good-bye, Discovery, 4. A Brief History of the Future, 5. Good-bye, Endeavour, 6. A Brief History of Spacefarers, 7. Good-bye, Atlantis, 8. The End of the Future: Wheel Stop, and 9. The Future.
Positives:
1. An accessible, well-written and very descriptive book.
2. A fascinating topic. A look at the end of NASA’s space shuttle program.
3. Dean is an excellent storyteller. No shortage of words to describe her launch visits.
4. A good mix of personal anecdotes mixed with historical references.
5. Interesting facts provided. “Together the five orbiters Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour have flown a total of 133 successful missions, an unequaled accomplishment of engineering, management, and political savvy.”
6. Much of the story of this book revolves around the last three space shuttle missions. “The era of American spaceflight that started in 1961 when Alan Shepard became the first American to travel in space is about to come to an end, and few people seem to notice or care. Two more space shuttle missions are scheduled: STS-133 and STS-134. (STS stands for Space Transportation System, the original name for the space shuttle program from the seventies). A third mission, STS-135, will be added if NASA can get approval from Congress. This would mean one final launch for each of the three remaining space shuttle orbiters: Discovery, Endeavour, and Atlantis.”
7. Interesting spaceflight history. “American spaceflight did not begin at the Kennedy Space Center; nor did it begin at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station across the Banana River from here. It began in the early twentieth century when three men working independently in three different countries all developed the same ideas more or less simultaneously about how rockets could be used for space travel. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in Russia, Hermann Oberth in Germany, and Robert Goddard in the United States all came up with an eerily similar concept for using liquid fuel to power rockets for human spaceflight.”
8. The origin of NASA. “A tiny government agency called the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics had been in charge of overseeing the development of new airplane technology, including the plane that Chuck Yeager had flown to break the sound barrier in 1947, but their ambitious plans for sending pilots into space had always been dismissed as too expensive, too dangerous, and ultimately pointless. After Sputnik, President Eisenhower took a new interest in the activities of NACA and turned it into NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, with an infusion of funding. NASA was meant to beat the Soviets at their own game. The space race was on, and it seemed that the Soviets already might have won it.”
9. The three causes behind Kennedy’s decision to land on the moon.
10. An interesting look at the Vehicle Assembly Building.
11. Loved the story of Omar Izquierdo and the important role he played throughput this book and his career at the Kennedy Space Center.
12. How space history is divided. “Space historians divide the fifty-year period of American spaceflight into two eras: the “heroic era,” which includes the Mercury project to put the first Americans into space, the Gemini project to expand NASA’s abilities and test techniques for getting to the moon, and the Apollo project, which achieved the moon landings.”
13. Michal Collins list of the eleven points in Apollo 11 flight plan.
14. The fascinating life of Buzz Aldrin. “He tells stories about getting to the moon and back, about the world tour he, Neil, and Mike took upon their return, about the travel reimbursement form he received from NASA that detailed his work-related travel: Houston to Cape Canaveral; Cape Canaveral to Moon; Moon to Cape Canaveral; Cape Canaveral to Houston. His total reimbursement for the trip was thirty-three dollars.”
15. Individual chapters for the final space-shuttle missions of Discovery, Endeavor and Atlantis.
16. The politics of flying. “There are four warring interests in spaceflight: ambitiousness of vision, urgency of timetable, reduction of cost, and safety to astronauts. These can never be entirely reconciled. In the sixties, urgency and ambitiousness were the driving factors, and because this was understood and accepted, the massive cost and risk were accepted as well. We now seem to be at a moment when reduction of cost is paramount, with safety coming in a very close second. This being the case, we should not be surprised that ambitiousness and urgency have had to be set aside altogether. But it’s ludicrous to claim, as I often hear people do, that “NASA has lost its vision.” NASA has lost support, not vision.”
17. Dean touches the topic of women pilots. “The women were experienced pilots. Many of them had broken records; some had broken the sound barrier. Their efforts to get NASA to recognize them as potential astronaut candidates were met with evasion. When the women managed to gain access to the same rigorous physical and psychological testing the Mercury Seven had gone through at the Lovelace Clinic, thirteen of them passed. Some of the women beat records set by the men. By doing so, these thirteen women managed to create enough pressure that a congressional hearing was held to address the question of women joining the astronaut corps.”
18. The role of probes. “Atlantis was the first orbiter to launch an interplanetary probe, Magellan, which traveled to Venus. On its next flight, Atlantis launched the Galileo probe to Jupiter. Both probes’ missions were considered enormous successes, and both have greatly expanded our knowledge of the solar system.”
19. A lot of interesting behind the scenes events.
20. The future of spaceflight is discussed.
21. Formal bibliography and timeline of American spaceflight provided.
Negatives:
1. My biggest complaint about this book is the lack of scientific/engineering rigor. I understand that Ms. Dean’s background is in anthropology and English but collaboration with a science-minded educator would have provided more value.
2. Lack of visual material. The author does a wonderful job of narrating her story but where are some of the many photos she took? Links? Copyright issues?
3. Lack of supplemental material. No space shuttle tables that would make it easy for the reader to understand the differences between the five space shuttle orbiters.
4. Descriptive to a fault. More precisely, describing things that likely are of no interest to the public.
5. The danger of making oneself an important element of the story is that one’s traits (good and bad) come to light. A bit self-indulgent and on the whiny side.
6. For the record, I’m very liberal on social issues and felt Ms. Dean could have done a much better job on the subtopic of feminist issues. She has valid observations but I also felt that she didn’t dig deep enough. People do change over time and a person who may have had some reservations about women in space may change over time to realize how wrong that notion was.
7. Too many references to Norman Mailer.
In summary, this was an average book as far as I am concerned. It’s a fascinating topic in the hands of a gifted writer who loves the wonders of space exploration and has a keen eye for detail but it also lacks scientific meat and comes across more as a travelogue than a sound popular science book. The writing is engaging and very descriptive but the science was too basic and the lack of visual materials held this otherwise interesting book back. If you are a space enthusiast by all means read this book with reservations noted.
Further recommendations: “Of a Fire on the Moon” by Norma Mailer, “The Wright Brothers” by David McCullough, “The Right Stuff” by Tom Wolfe, “Moon Shot” by Alan Shepherd, “Thirteen: The Apollo Flight that Failed” by Henry S. Cooper, “First Man” by James R. Hansen, and “Apollo Expeditions to the Moon” by NASA’s Moon Landing Program.