Modern Turkish History from A to B
In the continual maelstrom and barrage of international news, it is hard to keep focus on any place that is not the site of wars or natural disasters. Even elections that make the front pages for a day or two soon disappear forever---the changes incurred thereby never apparent until a few years later, when the next election comes around. Modern Turkey, which had not participated in any external wars until the Syrian civil war (except for its Korean War soldiers) or suffered invasion since the 1920s, often gets shortchanged. Earthquakes have shattered lives from time to time, the last major one in 1999. Though non-specialists like me may be more or less aware of the slow progession from Ataturk's radical reforms and remaking of the Turkish nation to the industrial, financial power of today with declining European aspirations, the details are not all that well-imprinted in our minds. We cannot look back on decades of consistent news coverage. So, I was very glad to find the Popes' book four years ago. I thought it would fill in the large gaps in my knowledge. I've just read it. It definitely filled in some gaps.
Authors can write modern histories in many ways, but it probably helps if they are historians and like to use broad brushes. Certainly, modern Turkish history has some wide themes---the modernization process in the economy; the slow transformation of culture from traditional Turco-Islamic to one more mixed with European elements; solving the question of whether Turkey is a mono-ethnic state or a multicultural mosaic; Turkey's relations with her neighbors, with the great powers, and with the new Turkic nations of Central Asia; the absorption of Turkic refugees from many places; the struggle between secular and religious politicians and its corollary, the struggles between left and right, and between military and civilian; the opening of the country to foreign influences of all kinds. There may be many more. I cannot say that the authors of TURKEY UNVEILED ignored these questions. On the contrary, you will find considerable material on all of them. However, what I found difficult, and ultimately disappointing, was that they retained the style of political reportage throughout. They observed Turkey through a tight screen of political detail, not as well-edited as it might have been. You are caught in a blow-by-blow description of Turkish politics from the early 1940s up to the end of the 20th century. While this might be great for someone who wants to know all the comings and goings of Turkish politicians---Inonu, Menderes, Evren, Ecevit, Demirel, Ozal, Turkes, Ciller, and Erbakan---not to mention a host of lesser figures, the trees definitely blocked the forest in this volume. I felt that all the main issues got lost in detail which at times descended to trivia. While I felt sure that the Popes had a lot of Turkish experience, I also felt that the task of changing data into history overwhelmed them. On top of this, history is not only about people at the top and national issues. It used to be, but times have changed. Daily life (and changes in daily life) for the average Turk is almost completely absent. We focus on the bigwigs. I think a major book on modern Turkish history in English for non-specialists, taking us to the end of the century, is still to be written. And by the way, Turkey was unveiled in 1925. It doesn't have to be done again.