The Book of Revelation is one I have avoided because of its complex structure and vast symbolism that has its roots in the rich tradition of the Old Testament. Jacques Ellul's book, while not effortless to read, shows a profound discernment of the last book of the Bible.
Moreover the author emphasizes the central theme, which incidentally is found exactly in the mid point of reading the Apocalypse. That central theme is not, as many suppose, the "Final Judgement Day". Instead, the mystery that is being revealed is the Incarnation, Death and the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The entire human history - past, present, future - acquires its meaning from the truth of this momentous historical encounter between God and man.
God's condemnation of humanity's sins had already taken place. It happened on the cross and it was there that, in Jacques Ellul's own words, God condemned God for our sins. Since that day each one of us is judged everyday of our life by our very words and deeds. Judgement, according to the author, is the revealing of the true nature of the person being judged. When we do not speak the truth we are accordingly judged to be liars. When we do not love one another we are accordingly judged to be haters of one another.
While most Christian denominations teach that only those who put their faith in Christ in this life attain Eternal Life, Jacques Ellul boldly says "No!"
His careful treatment of the text of the Apocalypse challenges, with a hint of disdain, this widely held belief. In this, and a few of his other books, he draws a clear distinction between 'judgement' and 'condemnation'. All are judged and all are in danger of condemnation but it is God who ultimately accepts the punishment on the cross.
What is condemned and thrown into the Lake of Fire are the 'powers and principalities' that keep humankind separated from God's love. The Death of Death. Ellul's simple example of a cancer patient suffices. The patient is judged to be unhealthy and the cancerous portion is condemned and cast out.
Ellul highlights for us the unorthodox version of Heaven, as he sees it presented in the Apocalypse. In stark contrast to what most Christians and other religions hold, God announces that at the end of time humanity is to enter not into the old Garden of Eden but into a New City!
For anyone who cringes at the sight of modern day urban monstrosities this news might be somewhat bitter. We are disillusioned with utopias. But it is God Himself who builds this New Jerusalem and brings it down to us. Ellul makes enough references to his book "The Meaning of the City".
In presenting us with the gift of this Perfect City, God reveals his Love for humanity in that He retains the sum of all those efforts of humanity, from within this broken reality, that reflect His Eternal Character.
Will Heaven retain an image of humanity's best? (Architecture, Landscaping, Art, Engineering, Literature, Mathematics, Music, Philosophy, Science, etc.)
In conclusion, coming back to the central theme of The Book of Revelation, the mystery revealed cannot be overstated. God's selfless sacrifice through the life, death and the resurrection of His Unique Son leaves no doubt as to the magnitude of His Love for His unique creation - us... all of us.