I am not exactly sure when John Wyndham wrote Web, but the book was released ten years after his death. This may explain its brevity compared with most of his other novels, and perhaps some of the flaws in the writing.
The narrator is Arnold Delgrange, a man who has lost his wife and daughter in a car crash, a poignant if clichéd fate. It is a curious opening for the novel, and has little to do with the action. It may explain why Delgrange gets involved in the expedition, and why he has a friendly but entirely platonic relationship with the young and opinionated pestologist, Camilla Cogent, who reminds him of his dead daughter.
Delgrange is lured into assisting with the setting up of a utopian colony on the remote Pacific island of Tanakuatua, The settlers have high hopes of making great intellectual breakthroughs away from the distractions of our society – their leader calls them ‘men like gods’.
However the project is doomed by extraordinary factors outside their control. The indigenous natives were removed from the island due to a nearby nuclear test. While they refuse to move back there, they still consider it their own island, and want revenge on the arrogant white settlers.
Worse still the island has become overrun by deadly spiders. These spiders have developed a new form of intelligence, and are working together against all predators. They have stripped all forms of life from much of the island. Now they are looking for new food sources.
Some are going air-borne and may spread beyond the island. Others have their eight eyes on the nearby colonists, and the natives are only too keen to help their Little Sisters to devour the colony.
Almost all of John Wyndham’s novels deal with the frightening reality of evolution. There is not much room for god in this world – only the dangerous religious fanaticism of the natives, and the woolly views of white people. Faced with a new threat, Wyndham often suggests, the human race could become just one more species heading for extinction.
Wyndham’s choice of spiders as the agent of our possible destruction is an effective one. People are often frightened of spiders, and there is something unsympathetic and inhuman about them. Spiders are also capable of amazing feats. What other silk-spinning creature has used this talent to set traps for prey, travel long lines or become air-borne? Camilla, the resident expert on creatures, even speculates that intelligent spiders working together could build nets to catch fish.
Some of Wyndham’s views are questionable. He talks as if evolution is somehow a choice rather than an unconscious factor forced upon species. I doubt that evolution has passed spiders by for as long as Wyndham seems to imagine.
Wyndham is probably right to be sceptical about notions such as the ‘balance of nature’, a comforting term humans use to imagine that the world is not chaos. Nonetheless he is wrong to use this argument to play down the dangers of human intervention in the natural ‘order’. We do still have some responsibility to preserve and conserve what we see, rather than destroy it at the rate at which we do.
In general, Wyndham’s political opinions are distinctly mushy. He expresses occasionally opinions, but they are vague and unfocused, leaving me with no real idea of what he stands for. Take the utopian colony that fails so spectacularly. Wyndham hedges his bets by having his hero still express some sadness about the luckless failure:
“Ah well, it will be tried again, I suppose. Men have been setting out these thousands of years and more in search of freedom…Yes they will try again – and next time I hope the Fates will be with them, not against them…”
Despite this statement, Wyndham has little time for the colonists in practice. Delgrange, for all his romanticism, is forced to acknowledge that most of the people there are not really the cream of society, but its castaways. The aptly-named Camilla Cogent (the voice of Wyndham in the book) has little time for her fellow-colonists, and little belief in their efficacy.
Yet the failure is not caused by the ineptness of the colonists, but by sheer bad luck, something which undermines Wyndham’s amused disapproval of the expedition. In any case, it seems more as if the problem is the hubris of the settlers, rather than anything they have done wrong. They see themselves as ‘men like gods’ but are destroyed by a much smaller creature.
Still what exactly does the colony stand for politically? You will be struggling to work it out from Wyndham’s book which offers no specifics, even though it is narrated by one of the campaign’s most prominent recruiters. It is founded by an aristocrat, so perhaps it is a conservative expedition. Delgrange talks about an intellectual elite replacing democracy. Maybe it is Fascism or an authoritarian structure.
However there is little leadership or willingness to take the reins. So a hippy commune? Anarchism? Libertarianism? Socialism? Extreme liberalism? Your guess is as good as mine. It is almost as if Wyndham doesn’t care, and considers that any political movement that is off the map is wrong.
The basic idea of the book is a terrifying one, but as Brian Aldiss has said of Wyndham, the writer deals in ‘cosy catastrophe’. The story has a narrator, so we know that not everyone will die. When Delgrange and Camilla discover the horrifying fate of the colonists, the scene is glossed over, with all unpleasantness removed. Wyndham is not capable of making the reader’s blood chill with horrifying descriptions in the way of Lovecraft or Poe.
There are other weaknesses in the book too. The reasons given for the sudden evolutionary leap forward in spider behaviour are the kind of ones that I would expect to see in the worst of 1950s sci-fi movies. Actually they are identical to those given in From Hell It Came, a particularly cheesy film of the period.
Put simply there are two reasons given. One is the result of the nuclear testing nearby. Yes, our old sci-fi standby radiation is the culprit. The other reason given is that the island is perhaps cursed by the natives.
These reasons are typical in Wyndham stories in that they offer a moral reason which says that mankind has brought the destruction on himself through his own actions. The idea of a native curse plays on an old notion that can be found in the old mummy movies. It is the idea that western abuse of the traditions and culture of other nations will somehow come back to haunt us.
Indeed angry natives deliberately help the spiders to spread into the colony and sabotage any last chance of the settlers from surviving the attack. Personally I was disappointed by this, as it served to reduce the power of the idea of a spider threat. If the intelligent spiders still need human help to overcome a few colonists, then perhaps they are not such a great danger after all.
There is also something offensive in Wyndham’s portrayal of the natives. They are superstitious, irrational, childish, violent, and (of course) cannibals. However badly they have been treated by white people, we are not invited to really care much about it.
There are some stylistic infelicities too. The text is repetitive at times. When the settlers first arrive at the island, Camilla expresses concern at the surprising shortage of birdlife on the island. Such a notion proves chilling, but it loses some impact when Wyndham makes Camilla repeat it twice more. Similarly her notion of spiders catching fish appears twice.
Admittedly this was an unpublished book, and Wyndham might have found time to remove some of these infelicities of style had he chosen to release it. Maybe he was unhappy with it, and that was why he never made the book public.
However even Wyndham’s finished books are often a little careless in style. They are often verbose where they should be terse, and they shy away from showing us anything really awful, even while the subject matter prepares us for this.
Nonetheless with all its flaws, Web is an enjoyable read, and it certainly does not insult the intelligence. The theories and ideas are interesting. There is the germ of a better book in here, but what remains is still a very good one.