By Friedrich Nietzsche Sobre verdad y mentira en sentido extramoral y otros fragmentos de filosof??a del conocimiento (Los (2nd Second Edition) [Paperback]

by Friedrich Nietzsche

Unknown Binding

About the author

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest person to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24, but resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward a complete loss of his mental faculties, with paralysis and probably vascular dementia. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900, after experiencing pneumonia and multiple strokes.
Nietzsche's work spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favour of perspectivism; a genealogical critique of religion and Christian morality and a related theory of master–slave morality; the aesthetic affirmation of life in response to both the "death of God" and the profound crisis of nihilism; the notion of Apollonian and Dionysian forces; and a characterisation of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively understood as the will to power. He also developed influential concepts such as the Übermensch and his doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative powers of the individual to overcome cultural and moral mores in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His body of work touched a wide range of topics, including art, philology, history, music, religion, tragedy, culture, and science, and drew inspiration from Greek tragedy as well as figures such as Zoroaster, Arthur Schopenhauer, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Wagner, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
After his death, Nietzsche's sister Elisabeth became the curator and editor of his manuscripts. She edited his unpublished writings to fit her German ultranationalist ideology, often contradicting or obfuscating Nietzsche's stated opinions, which were explicitly opposed to antisemitism and nationalism. Through her published editions, Nietzsche's work became associated with fascism and Nazism. 20th-century scholars such as Walter Kaufmann, R.J. Hollingdale, and Georges Bataille defended Nietzsche against this interpretation, and corrected editions of his writings were soon made available. Nietzsche's thought enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s and his ideas have since had a profound impact on 20th- and early 21st-century thinkers across philosophy—especially in schools of continental philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism, and post-structuralism—as well as art, literature, music, poetry, politics, and popular culture.

Reviews

[Raymundo Vázquez · Rating 4 out of 5]

Nietzsche escribió este escrito antes de cumplir los treinta y su lectura apenas y abarcó a su círculo de amigos. Fue hasta 1903, cuando el autor ya había fallecido, que el escrito se publicó.

El escrito sigue algunas ideas de El nacimiento de la tragedia. Critica la incapacidad de la razón, del intelecto, para expresar el mundo y favorece la intuición como algo más adecuado para acercarse a la naturaleza. El acceso a la intuición se logra a través del arte, de la estética.

Critica nuestra capacidad de cognición, de moralizar, de preferir una verdad que no puede ser verdad porque no llega a la naturaleza, solo la percibe a través de estímulos. Es por tanto una mentira. Todo el aparato conceptual por el cual nos aproximamos al mundo de manera racional o moral tiene que mentir. No hay forma de evitarlo. "Las verdades son ilusiones de las que se ha olvidado que lo son". Si es imposible mentirnos a todas horas, entonces al menos debemos elegir las mentiras que nos vitalizan, las que nos permiten alcanzar nuestros propósitos.

"Hay periodos en los que el hombre racional y el hombre intuitivo caminan juntos; el uno angustiado ente la intuición, el otro mofándose de la abstracción; es tan irracional el último como poco artístico el primero". Ambos buscan dominar, pero ¿cuál lo merece? El intuitivo toma como real solamente la vida disfrazada de apariencia y belleza. El racional solo conjura la desgracia. Pareciera haber solo dos opciones: que la persona reconozca la limitación a la que le somete su herramienta cognitiva, lo que posiblemente le genere rendirse o ceder a una vida de frustración; o bien creer que en otro mundo sí hay verdad, sí hay valor, pero está fuera de él. Ninguna de estas dos soluciones le parece a Nietzsche satisfactoria.

Podría volver a leer vez tras vez este escrito y sacarle más cosas. No sería incluso raro reconocer una nueva dirección o sentido. Aunque breve, no es nada sencillo. Cabe aclarar que el texto abarca entre un 10 a 15 por ciento del libro. El resto son prólogos, unos cuantos escritos breves de Nietzsche, un poco de su poesía y finalmente un análisis que hizo de sus textos Hans Vaihinger. No está mal, aunque quizá resulte un poco irrelevante en algunos casos.

[Iñaki Hernández · Rating 4 out of 5]

Le doy 4 estrellas no por el breve texto de Nietzsche, que es fascinantey deja perplejo sino por la edición, que quiere engordar y encarecer el libro con información prescindible. Si lo leéis limitaos al texto que son pocas páginas y me comentáis. El inicio es de película.

[Mercedes · Rating 5 out of 5]

Me lo he vuelto a leer unos años más tarde por segunda vez y me ha gustado incluso más. Basadísimo