“In general, the 'Francis revolution' is being felt at the level of in-the-trenches application of doctrine rather than the doctrine itself. He’s trying to encourage the most generous, merciful, and flexible application possible, making it clear that his kind of Church wants to include rather than exclude…"
-From John L. Allen, Jr.’s “The Francis Miracle: Inside the Transformation of the Pope and the Church"
John L. Allen writes a balanced and thorough analysis of Jorge Mario Bergoglio's short tenure as Pope Francis I. At times biographical, impassioned, but always journalistically focused, Allen’s new book presents Francis’ complicated reformation in ways that that even the most uninvested reader (disclosure: I’m Jewish) can absorb.
Allen details a number of themes that carried over from the last two popes and have shadowed the early days of Francis’ rule: Francis’ overall perspectives and leanings; reformation of the Vatican’s finances; where he stands on the role of women in the church; his ecclesiastical perspectives; and how he’s handled the sexual abuse scandals.
Allen gives the impression that Francis is a natural leader who early in his career found "himself thrust into unexpected positions of leadership.” I don’t get the sense that Francis sought out power and leadership roles in his youth, but as Francis points out himself, anyone who seeks leadership in the Church is exactly the person you wouldn’t want in the leadership roles.
“Francis aims to steer Catholicism back to the political and ecclesiastical center,” writes Allen. He quietly battles hard line conservative Catholics, espousing softer stances on hot button issues like homosexuality and the rigidity of liturgy and ceremony. His goal seems to be one of openness and inclusion.
"He wants the first impression people have of Catholicism not be of judgement but rather of welcome, trusting that whatever eventual verdicts the Church is compelled to deliver will be better received if they come in the context of a loving embrace. To achieve that, he knows that he needs to bring all ideological camps along with him."
- from “The Francis Miracle: Inside the Transformation of the Pope and the Church"
Francis “wants Catholics to ‘get out of the sacristy and into the streets.'” He’s “consciously crafted symbols about the kind of Church he wants to lead: he’s sat down for chats with atheists and believers alike, called ordinary people on the phone out of the blue, even invited three homeless men and their dog to join him for a birthday breakfast.” He’s washed the feet of parishioners at local churches. This time with ‘the people’ sometimes comes at the great consternation of his coterie, including security and communicational staff.
The Pope’s explanation? He believes that “sometimes you understand reality better from the edges than from the center.”
Allen writes about the confusion over Bergoglio's political leanings in the 70s and 80s when serving in Argentina. While he was encouraging priests to spend time in the villas miserias (poor slums) around BA, some accused the future pope of not doing enough to fight against Argentina’s dirty war in the early 1970’s. During that time, Bergoglio served as superior of the Jesuits. He was even accused of turning in two of his own priests to the government which led to their prolonged imprisonment. One of those two priests has since died, but the other has firmly stated that Bergoglio was not the reason they were incarcerated, but rather a female rebel who was tortured and confessed to the priests working with the poor.
Allen relays that Begolgio said, “I am father of all, and I cannot be wrapped in a political flag.” This was quoted regarding the fact that he hadn’t voted in the compulsory elections in Argentina since the early 1960s. But due to the Right AND Left extremities that ruled Argentine violent politics in the 70’s, this is an apt quote as well.
In truth, during the dirty war, some far leftist Catholics (even several priests) were joining armed resistance movements. Bergoglio, caught between the violence espoused by both extremes of Argentina’s political wars, was trying to keep his Church moving forward, implying support for neither end of the violent political spectrum.
A cornerstone of his policy is outreach to other Christian sects including evangelicals and Orthodox. He has a good relationship with the Jewish and Muslim communities alike. "The longtime former president of the Anti-Defamation League said in 2013 that he felt as if the Jews “won the lottery” when Bergoglio was elected."
While Pope Francisco is very direct and clear of meaning in his talk, he's been less so when dealing with women in the church. “On two occasions when the pontiff has been asked about possibly admitting women to the ranks of the clergy, he’s said a firm “no”. At the same time, he has also said that he wants to see a “greater role” for women in Catholicism.” Instead of institutional changes, Allen feels that Francis is targeting a “psychologic, theological, and moral 'space”' he wants to enhance for women in the Catholic world. Women have played a tremendous role in his life, however, in his first two years as Pope, there have been “no groundbreaking new roles for women…and no new theological study was commissioned.
On some issues that have been particular social hot buttons like abortion, Francis's stance is clear - he holds the Catholic line of stringent pro life, but he avoids using a confrontational rhetoric.
His record regarding child abuse while in Argentina has not been stellar as Allen points out numerous examples of Bergoglio rebuffing requests to meet with accusers of priests in and around BA. Allen feels this is probably the most significant area for improvement
As one can imagine, Il Vaticano is rife with internal political stire. Within the 2,000 year old institution, Allen writes, Francis faces "a determination to preserve established patterns of doing business among people whose self-image and career prospects are invested in the status quo."
“In the corridors of the Vatican, the argument “this is how we’ve always done things” packs a solid punch.” According to one Church historian, “no pope of the 20th century ever experienced as much resistance."
What the book doesn’t have is interviews with the man himself. There are Francis quotes a-plenty but none came from interviews focused on the development of this work. While I still feel that Allen’s book is even-handed, I’m left wondering why the author who ‘is basically the reporter that bishops and cardinals call to find out what’s going on within the confines of the Vatican,’ didn’t have any one-on-one time with Francis for this work.
If seeking a better understand of Pope Francis himself, or looking for a glimpse of the machinations of The Vatican, this is a terrific read. Highly recommended.