May 2025 Re-read Review:
March sidesteps two fundamental points made by Galaleo-Newton (the principle of inertia) and Einstein (gravity is not attractive and is not a force). Working with Galieleo’s formulation on inertia, Newton’s first law says that a body in motion or a body at rest stays in motion or at rest unless acted upon by another body. March focuses on Newton’s question - why is there deviation from straight-line motion or a state of rest? In doing so, the question of inertia’s origin gets lost. Is inertia created by the outward expansion of matter-energy from the big bang or supernova explosions, and does inertia shed clarity on gravity? And, despite Einstein’s reformulation, gravity as an attractive force persists in popular literature. Einstein sees gravity as a concentration of mass that draws space via spacetime lines toward or into a gravitational center. These lines are pathways that inertial bodies follow. In other words, a gravitational body doesn’t “pull.” Rather, it is a body’s inertial motion, itself, that supplies the movement.
March and others also see spacetime as a “fabric,” yet doesn’t that convey a wrong image? Fabric suggests a flat sheet with a depression in the middle by a large mass, and it is typically depicted that way. But isn't it more like a surrounding cloud from which matter-energy moves via its inertial properties toward the gravitational center? And, to take this a step further, doesn’t “fabric” suggest substance, i.e. spacetime consists of stuff, “matter-energy” that moves, inertially?
March says that the center of mass on a teeter totter is a balance point. He says the balance point is a product of “weight and distance,” which means that the effect of weight (concentration of mass) is diluted by distance, which is the inverse square law. So far, so good. But, in the discussion of the big bang, nothing is said about the effects of the inverse square law. As matter-energy moves outward, it dissipates as it moves further from the initial concentration of mass. In doing so, matter-energy becomes, progressively, less subject to gravity's effect per the inverse square law, i.e. the trajectory of spacetime changes from inward to outward (unless the big bang leaves a massive void behind as the explosion blows everything outward). As matter-energy moves outward in this scenario, would inertial matter-energy increase its speed because it is, again, progressively free of gravitational effects? And might it be this dynamic that accounts for the role of so-called dark energy’s expansive effects?
As a side note (not related to what March puts forward), can the center of mass as a balance point be explained by Einstein’s theory of general relativity? If spacetime, which consists of substance (gas and dust), moves toward a spherical (gravitational) center from all (spherical) directions, does it merge at a center point where the inertial forces of matter-energy converge from all directions and can move no more? Wouldn’t this be the effect of a singularity and where, to use March’s teeter-totter example, “the center of mass is a balance point?”
March says that it’s the addition of energy that creates kinetic mass (the mass of motion, not the rest mass of substance). Is this the correct way to explain what’s going on here? If light is massless, is it, simply, free to move without “weight” to slow it down? Seen this way, light is the ultimate inertial “body,” a massless photon that travels at the speed of light.
In the structure of the atom, Marsh refers to the attractive force directed toward the nucleus and “the mutual repulsion of electrons.” I don't know what either of these mean. If the electron is negative and the proton is positive, why wouldn’t they merge together, i.e. why is there space between the electron and the nucleus? And, if electrons are negative, why do they hang out together in the same “orbit” versus repelling each other?
Original Review: In this 1970 edition, March walks the lay reader through the transition of physics from Newton's classical theory about the behavior of macro phenomena to the micro world of 20th century quantum physics. A key aspect to this transition was the growing recognition and acceptance - though uncomfortable for many, including Einstein - that, ultimately, interactions in the physical world were not deterministic in a linear, physical contact or "action at a distance" (e.g. gravitational "pull"), cause-effect sort of way. Rather, at the quantum level, and at the foundation of all physical reality, interactions are probabilistic and indeterminate. While we can know possible or probable outcomes among subparticle phenomena, it is inherently impossible to understand location and momentum simultaneously.
March hints at his belief that macro (Newton, then Einstein's special and general theories of relativity) and micro (quantum) physics are not inconsistent, but others see these, to date, as two separate worlds. While we know that precise cause-effect relationships occur at the macro level, in March's argument for the virtues of quantum theory, he does not address how such relationships are connected to probabilistic relationships. Presumably, the argument for a probabilistic, quantum world does not mean strict casual relationships do not, in fact, exist in the macro world.
The book's title is not accurate. The book is for technically inclined poets.