I kid you not, but there were numerous times in The Perfect Mile where it seemed I was as breathless reading Neal Bascomb’s wonderful book as his subject runners were in their bid to run a mile in under four minutes! Each attempt brought me to the edge of my seat, and each failure had me racing to the next chapter. This behavior is doubly peculiar since the outcome of this piece of athletic history is probably well-known by high school students, and perhaps even by those in middle school.
Though there are many sub-four-minute mile contenders, Bascomb quickly narrows down the field in 1952 to three world-class runners: Englishman Roger Bannister, a diligent, studious medical student, who found “time to run only between his hospital rounds”; John Landy, “privileged son of a genteel Australian family”; and Wes Santee, “a Kansas farm boy” who, not lacking in hubris, “believed he was just plain better than everyone else.” The inspiring beauty of The Perfect Mile is that all these contenders were running as pure amateurs—no helpful scholarships, no endorsements, no other sources of funding, and initially, no trainers.
But up to this point, the four-minute mile was both a physical and a psychological barrier “that begged to be broken.” Author Bascomb says “the number had a certain mathematical elegance,” and yet another writer expanded on that: “four laps, four quarter-miles, four-point-oh-oh minutes.” The best middle-distance runners had tried repeatedly and failed. The challenge became a race against the clock rather than traditional fellow competitors. Not surprisingly, Santee, brimming with confidence, “was the first to announce his intention of running the mile in four minutes.” And the gauntlet was thrown down—and readily picked up by both Bannister and Landy.
Bannister’s training was anything but regular, his work ethic constantly putting his studies ahead of athletic training. But he was a man of science. Certainly, the achievement took “human spirit,” but it also took “a calculated plan…scientific experiments, the wisdom of a man who knew great suffering, and a magnificent finishing kick.” All three men trained relentlessly and recklessly, Bannister testing himself to the point of collapse. Indeed, observers and sports commentators believed that the person who ran a mile in four minutes would collapse and die just beyond the finish line.
To non-runners (like myself), it was a simple beat-the-clock endeavor: you begin, you run like the wind, and if the clock stops a fraction short of four minutes, you are done. If not, you try again. Wrong! The four-lap run is made up of any number of segments comprising 220 yards, 440 yards, 880 yards, and even 100 yards; some runners view it as a three-lap-plus-one-lap construction. Various segments have their own strategy, and each of those strategies was unique to a runner. It was a case of finding the best composition of those segments to accomplish the task. But it was even more than that. Since the ability to time things in hundredths of a second had arrived, no consideration was too small to consider: runners’ feet must be pointed forward, not splayed even slightly, for that meant covering more distance; similarly; runners’ hands had to be held to minimize wind resistance; and spikes had to be sharpened to penetrate quickly and pick up the minimum deposit of track material.
Each upcoming attempt by one of these three men caused palpitating anxiety for the other two; and each failure recharged all three with renewed hope and determination.
It is not a spoiler to reveal that, on May 6, 1954, Roger Bannister was the first person in the world to run a sub-four-minute mile—his time, 3:59.4—and the barrier was forever broken. Bannister enjoyed his unique achievement for 44 days, when John Landy broke his record with a time of 3:58, and after that, the mile record was broken repeatedly in steady progression. Roger Bannister was to remark somewhat phlegmatically: “Après moi, le déluge!” Bascomb brings readers up to the cusp of the 20th century when, on July 7, 1999, Morocco’s Hicham El Guerrouj ran a mile in 3:43.13. By then, “almost one thousand individuals had run under four minutes.” Nowadays, it would appear that if one cannot run a sub-four-minute mile, it is pointless to even enter the race!
Neal Bascomb has done a remarkable service to sports history with The Perfect Mile: Three Athletes, One Goal, and Less Than Four Minutes to Achieve It. Using amateur athletes Bannister, Landy, and Santee (whose best time was 4:00.5), he has fashioned a gripping, soul-stirring story that is less about winning and losing races, than it is about the spirited endeavor to challenge, and then break a human barrier!