Long before he had to spew occasional propaganda for the Bolsheviks, Ilya Ehrenburg was enchanted with the gloss of Montparnasse cafes filled with various art types and foreigners. Befriending the greatest artists of his day, writing poems in vers libre so uncharacteristic of Russian poetry of the Silver Age, Ehrenburg conceived one of the most European of Russian novels of the 20th century. The Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito and his Disciples is his debut novel and it doesn’t seem to be translated into English to this day. The novel is so brazenly irreverent to the whole range ideologies from right to left, including communism, it makes one wonder how it has passed the censors. Before all but authorised criticism of the state was outlawed during Stalin’s reign, such controversial were widely and openly debated and in the case of this particular one prefaced by none other than Bukharin. At times the novel is so ridiculously absurd, one could mistake it for one written by a Russian incarnation of Thomas Pynchon, if not for its relatively inconspicuous, but by all means contemporary, style of prose. The novel is brimming with cultural references to innumerable artists and writers, poets and works of European literature, in fact so much so it could be argued there is little place left for virtuosity of style. Name-dropping can be deemed a deliberate literary technique of Ehrenburg. It is all about context and chaos of the Great War later morphing into the Russian Revolution, placing the proverbial samples from the French, Italian, American, Russian, German, Jewish and Senegalese (?) nations into the whirlpool of history that were the first two decades of the 20th century. Chillingly predictable of the last century’s woes, the novel narrates the adventures of the Mexican agent provocateur, Julio Jurenito, as picaresque as it gets, the Teacher and his 7 disciples, 7 nations apprenticing under him, travelling all over Europe and even having a brief sojourn in distant Senegal. Jurenito became a prototype that dominated Russian literature of 1920s, re-emerging in characters of Babel, and Ilf and Petrov. The narrative is interspersed with episodes of philosophising on the subjects of art, love, war, death, belief in god, socialism and communism, capitalism, democracy, naivete of believing it possible to organise life in its entirety and the pathetic ululations of those who see those great historical events as human fate, god’s wrath befalling a godless civilisation of men. Jurenito scoffs at moderation, so-called wisdom, pragmatism, order, nationalism, sentimentalism, romanticism, materialism, obsession with accumulation of capital, utopian and sometimes even disingenuous socialist ideals. At times, there are contradictions in Jurenito’s system of values, but even those appear intended to do away with the last trails of coherence.
For its eclecticism, for its attempt to encapsulate Europe of the time as it was instead of as it was seen in Russia, for its philosophical aspirations, for its uncompromising and indiscriminate razzing of the ideologies then prevalent in Europe, for all these things this book should still be read.