I rate this book five stars because it's the only sustained, accurate description I've ever read of the kind of engagement I've been having with art and artists for as long as I can remember. It gave me that special kind of surprise: I'm just used to the idea that no one ever talks about this, and yet here is someone talking about it, unashamedly, at length!
The types of engagement with art that I see most frequently fall into two very distinct bins: the engagement of Fans and the engagement of Critics. (Capital letters because the way I'm using these words here is a little more specific than their ordinary definitions would suggest.) The Fan treats the world depicted by the work of art as a real place, and engages with the characters as real people. This can be very fulfilling, but it necessitates a certain distance from the artist, since to engage with the artist as a person you need to remind yourself that the characters originated in someone's head. To a Fan, the artist is like a God: revered but distant, nothing like a friend or colleague. To the Critic, on the other hand, the artist is a craftsman whose work can be evaluated as though it were a machine. Does it perform its intended function? How efficient, sturdy, innovative is it? (Note the popularity of "this works" / "this doesn't work" as a critical term.) To the Critic, emotional engagement with the artist is precluded not because they're distant, but because their qualities as a person are irrelevant to the evaluation of their creation. To a Critic, developing an emotional relationship with an artist would be like developing one with the people who designed your toaster (and consequently forgiving the toaster when it sets your kitchen on fire).
What both of these exclude is any kind of feeling toward an artist as a fellow human, any kind of persistent interest in an artist's creative trajectory that mirrors our interests in the life trajectories of, say, our friends. We treat our human relationships very differently from our relationships with impersonal providers of goods and services. In human relationships, we're more accepting of failure -- not just out of some general tendency towards forgiveness, but out of a sense that a friend's flaws are part and parcel of the friendship. Imagine being presented with the option of replacing one of your friendships with a "highlight reel" version of itself -- one that excludes the awkwarder moments, the less inspired injokes, the least fun hangouts. To most of us, this idea would seem straightforwardly unappealing and indeed sort of grotesque; we'd reject it in a heartbeat. Yet this willingness to grant importance to flaws and missteps is inimical to the Critic's style. The Critic says: when there's so much stuff out there, why waste time with the bad? Why listen to a musician's lower-quality albums when you could be discovering someone new? Why read a flawed masterpiece when there are perfect masterpieces out there that you haven't touched? (Compare "flawed masterpiece as flawed friend" to "flawed masterpiece as hazardous toaster.") The Fan, on the other hand, can only see an artist's missteps as "acts of God," calamities that distort their beloved universe -- and to relate to the artist who made these choices would be as strange as relating to a God who sends floods and plagues, rather than praising or beseeching or raging against Him.
Jonathan Lethem, like me, is a guy whose engagement with art is primarily an engagement with artists as people. An artist's flaws and follies are not just defects -- they're interesting, even when they're lamentable, because they form part of the texture of the artist's human and dramatic struggle to improve and innovate and express. The Critic/Fan dichotomy shows its inadequacy when confronted with something like this:
I'd stumbled into each of these loves [for Bob Dylan and Philip K. Dick] against my teenage tendencies in hero selection. Rather than arranging to be disappointment by a figure of authority, these guys were like fraternal companions, stumbling through their own ups and downs. Dylan and Dick created bodies of work so contradictory and erratic that they never seemed to have promised me perfection, so they could never disappoint me the way a parent can let let down a child who has idolized them. Here were artists who hung themselves emotionally out to dry, who risked rage and self-pity in their work, and were sometimes overwhelmed by those feelings and blew it. As figures of identification they were riskier for me but also, in the long run, more nourishing.
Bob Dylan and Philip K. Dick (and, eventually, others who resembled them in this way) also led me back to my father. For he was of course the artist from whose imperfections, and reveled vulnerabilities, I'd originally flinched. For years I'd chosen against my father by idolizing artists who hid their face behind glossy, impassive surfaces. Yet those figures had proved brittle -- inadequate against the untidy barrage of my feelings. They'd refused to meet me where I needed them most, at some emotional substratum down to which I'd excavated and found nobody home. Dylan and Dick, by their own unwillingness to hid their clumsiness and variability, or to protect me from an awareness of the fallible processes behind even their masterpieces, seduced me into sympathy for the artist whose process was, as I grew up, so naked to me. And, needless to say, I had to begin to forgive my father for being human before I could begin to work.
Notice how the treatment of flaws here -- "Dylan and Dick created bodies of work so contradictory and erratic that they never seemed to have promised me perfection" -- is immediately comprehensible on human terms, yet totally unassimilable to the mindset of the Critic ("why not just demand perfection?") or the Fan ("when I'm immersed in something I like, 'bodies of work' are the furthest things from my mind"). Lethem is a fan but not a Fan, and a critic but not a Critic -- he stands apart from the lotus-eating of the Fans and the Consumer Reports of the Critics and simply treats artists as human beings, which, after all, they are.
I know I'm probably making Lethem out to be unique in a way he really isn't. It's not as though no one else has written criticism in this mode. But this book feels almost like a manifesto for that mode, and that's a heartening thing in a world where engaging with artists as people will get you seen a mindless Fan by Critics and as a ruthless Critic by Fans. People in both categories -- and especially those in neither -- would do well to read it.