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Philosophy and Truth: Selections from Nietzsche's Notebooks of the Early 1870s
Philosophy and Truth offers the first English translation of six unpublished theoretical studies (sometimes referred to as Nietzsche's "Philosopher's Book") written just after the publication of The Birth of Tragedy and simultaneously with Untimely Meditations. In addition to the texts themselves, which probe epistemological problems on philosophy's relation to art and culture, this book contains a lengthy introduction that provides the biographical and philological information necessary for understanding these often fragmentary texts. The introduction also includes a helpful discussion of Nietzsche's early views concerning culture, knowledge, philosophy, and the Greeks.
232 pages, paper
First published January 1, 1979
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About the author
Friedrich Nietzsche
4,296 books25.3k followersFriedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest person to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24, but resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward a complete loss of his mental faculties, with paralysis and probably vascular dementia. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900, after experiencing pneumonia and multiple strokes.
Nietzsche's work spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favour of perspectivism; a genealogical critique of religion and Christian morality and a related theory of master–slave morality; the aesthetic affirmation of life in response to both the "death of God" and the profound crisis of nihilism; the notion of Apollonian and Dionysian forces; and a characterisation of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively understood as the will to power. He also developed influential concepts such as the Übermensch and his doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative powers of the individual to overcome cultural and moral mores in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His body of work touched a wide range of topics, including art, philology, history, music, religion, tragedy, culture, and science, and drew inspiration from Greek tragedy as well as figures such as Zoroaster, Arthur Schopenhauer, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Wagner, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
After his death, Nietzsche's sister Elisabeth became the curator and editor of his manuscripts. She edited his unpublished writings to fit her German ultranationalist ideology, often contradicting or obfuscating Nietzsche's stated opinions, which were explicitly opposed to antisemitism and nationalism. Through her published editions, Nietzsche's work became associated with fascism and Nazism. 20th-century scholars such as Walter Kaufmann, R.J. Hollingdale, and Georges Bataille defended Nietzsche against this interpretation, and corrected editions of his writings were soon made available. Nietzsche's thought enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s and his ideas have since had a profound impact on 20th- and early 21st-century thinkers across philosophy—especially in schools of continental philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism, and post-structuralism—as well as art, literature, music, poetry, politics, and popular culture.
Nietzsche's work spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favour of perspectivism; a genealogical critique of religion and Christian morality and a related theory of master–slave morality; the aesthetic affirmation of life in response to both the "death of God" and the profound crisis of nihilism; the notion of Apollonian and Dionysian forces; and a characterisation of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively understood as the will to power. He also developed influential concepts such as the Übermensch and his doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative powers of the individual to overcome cultural and moral mores in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His body of work touched a wide range of topics, including art, philology, history, music, religion, tragedy, culture, and science, and drew inspiration from Greek tragedy as well as figures such as Zoroaster, Arthur Schopenhauer, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Wagner, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
After his death, Nietzsche's sister Elisabeth became the curator and editor of his manuscripts. She edited his unpublished writings to fit her German ultranationalist ideology, often contradicting or obfuscating Nietzsche's stated opinions, which were explicitly opposed to antisemitism and nationalism. Through her published editions, Nietzsche's work became associated with fascism and Nazism. 20th-century scholars such as Walter Kaufmann, R.J. Hollingdale, and Georges Bataille defended Nietzsche against this interpretation, and corrected editions of his writings were soon made available. Nietzsche's thought enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s and his ideas have since had a profound impact on 20th- and early 21st-century thinkers across philosophy—especially in schools of continental philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism, and post-structuralism—as well as art, literature, music, poetry, politics, and popular culture.
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September 24, 2021
معرفتشناسی نیچه آنقدر نقابدار و صناعاتیست که نمیتوان در زندگی به کارش گرفت. من این قادر به پذیرش چنین فلسفهای نیستم.
August 19, 2020
عناوین برخی از مباحث کتاب عبارتاند از :فرهنگ، فلسفه، یونانیان، تاریخچه کتاب فیلسوفات نیچه، در باب شوق به حقیقت، حقیقت و دروغ به مفهومی غیر اخلاقی، و فلسفه در زمان عسرت .مترجم در مقدمه کتاب میگوید" :نیچه نخستین کسی بود که دریافت نفس حقیقت و معرفت برای انسان مدرن مسئله ساز شدهاند . نظریه او در مورد بیارزش شدن حقیقت و معرفت در واقع بدین معناست که برای انسان مدرن آخر قرن نوزدهم، مسئله اصلی دیگر نه شناخت طبیعت (به سبک اسلاف قرن هفدهمیاش)، که شناخت خود این شناخت است .از نظر نیچه حقیقت چیزی نیست جز استعارهها و دروغهایی که جامعه بر فرد تحمیل میکند .این دروغها ضامن بقای جامعه و فرد و از این رو برای هر دوی آنها مفید و سودمندند . ولی نیچه از سوی دیگر به وجود حقایقی مضر و مرگبار اشاره میکند، و در تفسیر خویش از تنش میان حقیقت و زیبایی تا آن جا پیش میرود که میگوید : اگر زیبایی و هنر نبود، آدمی در نتیجه اثرات مهلک حقیقت و میل به حقیقت نابود میشد...به لحاظ تاریخی و فرهنگی نیهیلیسم بیشک مهمترین و بنیادیترین مفهوم در تفکر فلسفی نیچه است .نظریه نیچه در باب نیهیلیسم، کل تاریخ تمدن غربی، یعنی تمدن سقراطی ـ مسیحی را در برمیگیرد و فیالواقع در حکم نقطه اوج نقد تبارشناسی نیچه از دستآوردها و ارزشهای بنیادین این تمدن است ."
December 18, 2024
Philosophy and Truth: Selections from Nietzsche’s Notebooks of the Early 1870s, edited and translated by Daniel Breazeale, offers a fascinating glimpse into Friedrich Nietzsche’s intellectual development during his early academic career. Comprising essays, fragments, and notes written between 1872 and 1875, this collection reveals Nietzsche grappling with profound questions about the nature of truth, the role of philosophy, and the cultural implications of knowledge. These writings, though often overshadowed by his later works, serve as a crucial foundation for understanding Nietzsche’s philosophical trajectory and his critique of metaphysics and epistemology.
Breazeale’s meticulous editing and translation provide a lucid and accessible entry point into Nietzsche’s thought at this formative stage. The texts are accompanied by a thoughtful introduction that contextualizes Nietzsche’s early writings within his broader intellectual development and their relationship to key influences, including Arthur Schopenhauer, Richard Wagner, and the pre-Socratic philosophers. Breazeale highlights how these selections foreshadow themes that would dominate Nietzsche’s mature philosophy, such as his rejection of absolute truths, his critique of the ascetic ideal, and his emphasis on the creative and perspectival nature of human knowledge.
Central to the collection is Nietzsche’s essay “On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense,” a striking and provocative critique of traditional philosophical conceptions of truth. Here, Nietzsche argues that truth is not an objective correspondence between language and reality but rather a human construct shaped by metaphor, convention, and the pragmatic need for survival. Truth, for Nietzsche, emerges as a fiction that obscures the chaotic and indeterminate nature of existence, perpetuated by language’s imposition of rigid categories onto a fluid reality. This essay marks a decisive break with the metaphysical tradition of Western philosophy and serves as an early articulation of Nietzsche’s later ideas about perspectivism and the will to power.
Another significant theme in these writings is Nietzsche’s critique of the scientific and philosophical pretensions of objectivity. Influenced by Schopenhauer’s metaphysics and Wagner’s aesthetics, Nietzsche emphasizes the centrality of art and creativity in human life, contrasting the aesthetic orientation of the pre-Socratics with the rationalism of Socratic-Platonic thought. For Nietzsche, philosophy must transcend the dispassionate pursuit of truth and engage with life as an artistic, transformative endeavor. This perspective reflects his broader cultural project of revitalizing Western thought by reorienting it away from sterile abstraction and toward a dynamic engagement with existence.
While these early writings reveal Nietzsche’s innovative thinking, they also display the tensions and inconsistencies characteristic of a philosopher still refining his ideas. His metaphysical and aesthetic commitments occasionally clash, as he oscillates between Schopenhauerian pessimism and a nascent affirmation of life. Moreover, his reliance on Romantic ideals of art and culture, particularly Wagnerian aesthetics, complicates his emerging critique of metaphysics. These tensions, however, are not a weakness but rather a testament to the dynamism of Nietzsche’s intellectual development, as he wrestles with competing influences and gradually articulates his unique philosophical vision.
Breazeale’s edition excels in making these writings accessible to both Nietzsche scholars and general readers. The translator’s extensive notes clarify Nietzsche’s references to contemporary thinkers and historical figures, enriching the reader’s understanding of the texts’ philosophical and cultural context. Breazeale’s introduction situates these writings within Nietzsche’s broader oeuvre, emphasizing their role as a bridge between his early philological work and his later, more radical philosophy. However, some readers may find the fragmentary nature of the texts challenging, as they lack the coherence and polish of Nietzsche’s published works. Additionally, while Breazeale provides helpful commentary, some of Nietzsche’s more obscure or cryptic passages remain difficult to unpack without further scholarly background.
Despite these challenges, Philosophy and Truth is an invaluable resource for understanding the genesis of Nietzsche’s thought and the intellectual currents that shaped his philosophy. The collection sheds light on Nietzsche’s early critique of metaphysics and his reconceptualization of truth, offering insights into the development of his later works, such as The Birth of Tragedy and Thus Spoke Zarathustra. It also highlights Nietzsche’s relevance to contemporary debates in epistemology, philosophy of language, and postmodern thought, as his early writings anticipate many of the challenges posed to traditional notions of objectivity and truth in the 20th and 21st centuries.
In conclusion, Philosophy and Truth is a significant contribution to Nietzsche studies, showcasing the early writings of one of philosophy’s most original and challenging thinkers. By presenting Nietzsche’s nascent ideas on truth, art, and philosophy, Breazeale’s edition invites readers to engage with the complexities of Nietzsche’s intellectual journey and the enduring relevance of his critique of Western thought. This collection is an essential addition to the library of anyone interested in Nietzsche’s philosophy, the history of ideas, or the cultural transformations of modernity.
GPT
Breazeale’s meticulous editing and translation provide a lucid and accessible entry point into Nietzsche’s thought at this formative stage. The texts are accompanied by a thoughtful introduction that contextualizes Nietzsche’s early writings within his broader intellectual development and their relationship to key influences, including Arthur Schopenhauer, Richard Wagner, and the pre-Socratic philosophers. Breazeale highlights how these selections foreshadow themes that would dominate Nietzsche’s mature philosophy, such as his rejection of absolute truths, his critique of the ascetic ideal, and his emphasis on the creative and perspectival nature of human knowledge.
Central to the collection is Nietzsche’s essay “On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense,” a striking and provocative critique of traditional philosophical conceptions of truth. Here, Nietzsche argues that truth is not an objective correspondence between language and reality but rather a human construct shaped by metaphor, convention, and the pragmatic need for survival. Truth, for Nietzsche, emerges as a fiction that obscures the chaotic and indeterminate nature of existence, perpetuated by language’s imposition of rigid categories onto a fluid reality. This essay marks a decisive break with the metaphysical tradition of Western philosophy and serves as an early articulation of Nietzsche’s later ideas about perspectivism and the will to power.
Another significant theme in these writings is Nietzsche’s critique of the scientific and philosophical pretensions of objectivity. Influenced by Schopenhauer’s metaphysics and Wagner’s aesthetics, Nietzsche emphasizes the centrality of art and creativity in human life, contrasting the aesthetic orientation of the pre-Socratics with the rationalism of Socratic-Platonic thought. For Nietzsche, philosophy must transcend the dispassionate pursuit of truth and engage with life as an artistic, transformative endeavor. This perspective reflects his broader cultural project of revitalizing Western thought by reorienting it away from sterile abstraction and toward a dynamic engagement with existence.
While these early writings reveal Nietzsche’s innovative thinking, they also display the tensions and inconsistencies characteristic of a philosopher still refining his ideas. His metaphysical and aesthetic commitments occasionally clash, as he oscillates between Schopenhauerian pessimism and a nascent affirmation of life. Moreover, his reliance on Romantic ideals of art and culture, particularly Wagnerian aesthetics, complicates his emerging critique of metaphysics. These tensions, however, are not a weakness but rather a testament to the dynamism of Nietzsche’s intellectual development, as he wrestles with competing influences and gradually articulates his unique philosophical vision.
Breazeale’s edition excels in making these writings accessible to both Nietzsche scholars and general readers. The translator’s extensive notes clarify Nietzsche’s references to contemporary thinkers and historical figures, enriching the reader’s understanding of the texts’ philosophical and cultural context. Breazeale’s introduction situates these writings within Nietzsche’s broader oeuvre, emphasizing their role as a bridge between his early philological work and his later, more radical philosophy. However, some readers may find the fragmentary nature of the texts challenging, as they lack the coherence and polish of Nietzsche’s published works. Additionally, while Breazeale provides helpful commentary, some of Nietzsche’s more obscure or cryptic passages remain difficult to unpack without further scholarly background.
Despite these challenges, Philosophy and Truth is an invaluable resource for understanding the genesis of Nietzsche’s thought and the intellectual currents that shaped his philosophy. The collection sheds light on Nietzsche’s early critique of metaphysics and his reconceptualization of truth, offering insights into the development of his later works, such as The Birth of Tragedy and Thus Spoke Zarathustra. It also highlights Nietzsche’s relevance to contemporary debates in epistemology, philosophy of language, and postmodern thought, as his early writings anticipate many of the challenges posed to traditional notions of objectivity and truth in the 20th and 21st centuries.
In conclusion, Philosophy and Truth is a significant contribution to Nietzsche studies, showcasing the early writings of one of philosophy’s most original and challenging thinkers. By presenting Nietzsche’s nascent ideas on truth, art, and philosophy, Breazeale’s edition invites readers to engage with the complexities of Nietzsche’s intellectual journey and the enduring relevance of his critique of Western thought. This collection is an essential addition to the library of anyone interested in Nietzsche’s philosophy, the history of ideas, or the cultural transformations of modernity.
GPT
February 26, 2017
این کتاب در بردارندۀ برخی از پاره نوشته ها و یادداشت هایی است که نیچه میان سال های 1870 تا 1873 نگاشته، ولی آنها را منتشر نساخته است. اهمیت این یادداشت ها و پاره نوشته به ویژه از آن جهت است که این یادداشت ها می توانند خطوط آغازین برخی از مهمترین اندیشه های بعدی ِ نیچه را به ما نشان دهند و به خواننده کمک کنند تا سیر تحول اندیشه های نیچه را تشخیص دهد. گذشته از این، این یادداشت ها دربردارندۀ چند مقاله بسیار مهم و خواندنی نیچه از جمله «درباب شوق به حقیقت» و «درباب حقیقت و دروغ به مفهومی غیراخلاقی» نیز هست.
اما افزون بر این ها، بی شک این یادداشت ها در فهم و تحلیل نظریات نیچه در باب معرفت شناسی نقشی بسیار مهم و اساسی دارند. در واقع چنان که کارل شلچتا اشاره کرده است بدون پرداختن به یادداشت های منتشر نشدۀ نیچه که مربوط به اواخر دهه 60 و اوایل دهه 70 هستند هرگز نمیتوان تفسیری دقیق و رسا از معرفت شناسی نیچه ارائه کرد.
اما از محتوای کتاب که بگذریم، خوشبختانه ترجمه این کتاب نیز ترجمۀ بسیار خوب ودقیقی است. به واقع این ترجمه یکی از بهترین ترجمه هایی ست که به زبان فارسی از آثار نیچه انجام شده است. شکی نیست که با توجه به سبک نگارش نیچه و عمق و دقت و دشواری اندیشه های او، ترجمه آثار او کاری بس دشوار است. متاسفانه در بسیاری از موارد ترجمه هایی که از سایر آثار نیچه به زبان فارسی انجام شده اند یا به کلی پرت و نادرست هستند و یا بیشتر به جنبه های ادبی نیچه توجه کرده اند و فاقد دقت فلسفی کافی هستند. حال آنکه نوشته های نیچه به معنای دقیق کلمه «فلسفی» هستند و نیچه با دقتی عجیب در میان نوشته های شعرگونه و زیبای خود نظریات عمیق و دقیق فلسفی را گنجانده است.
نقطه قوت ترجمه این کتاب نیز دقیقا در همین جا نهفته است، چرا که مترجم که خود از اهالی فلسفه و استادان به نام فلسفه است از یک سو در ترجمه خود به ابعاد زیباشناختی و سبک نوشته های نیچه توجه کرده و از سوی دیگر نیز، دقت فلسفی نوشته های نیچه را نادیده نگرفته است و به تعبیری دقت فلسفی را فدایِ زیبایی ِ ترجمه نکرده است. از این روست که ترجمه او هم دقیق و فلسفی است و هم زیبا و دلنشین.
دست مریزاد مترجم
اما افزون بر این ها، بی شک این یادداشت ها در فهم و تحلیل نظریات نیچه در باب معرفت شناسی نقشی بسیار مهم و اساسی دارند. در واقع چنان که کارل شلچتا اشاره کرده است بدون پرداختن به یادداشت های منتشر نشدۀ نیچه که مربوط به اواخر دهه 60 و اوایل دهه 70 هستند هرگز نمیتوان تفسیری دقیق و رسا از معرفت شناسی نیچه ارائه کرد.
اما از محتوای کتاب که بگذریم، خوشبختانه ترجمه این کتاب نیز ترجمۀ بسیار خوب ودقیقی است. به واقع این ترجمه یکی از بهترین ترجمه هایی ست که به زبان فارسی از آثار نیچه انجام شده است. شکی نیست که با توجه به سبک نگارش نیچه و عمق و دقت و دشواری اندیشه های او، ترجمه آثار او کاری بس دشوار است. متاسفانه در بسیاری از موارد ترجمه هایی که از سایر آثار نیچه به زبان فارسی انجام شده اند یا به کلی پرت و نادرست هستند و یا بیشتر به جنبه های ادبی نیچه توجه کرده اند و فاقد دقت فلسفی کافی هستند. حال آنکه نوشته های نیچه به معنای دقیق کلمه «فلسفی» هستند و نیچه با دقتی عجیب در میان نوشته های شعرگونه و زیبای خود نظریات عمیق و دقیق فلسفی را گنجانده است.
نقطه قوت ترجمه این کتاب نیز دقیقا در همین جا نهفته است، چرا که مترجم که خود از اهالی فلسفه و استادان به نام فلسفه است از یک سو در ترجمه خود به ابعاد زیباشناختی و سبک نوشته های نیچه توجه کرده و از سوی دیگر نیز، دقت فلسفی نوشته های نیچه را نادیده نگرفته است و به تعبیری دقت فلسفی را فدایِ زیبایی ِ ترجمه نکرده است. از این روست که ترجمه او هم دقیق و فلسفی است و هم زیبا و دلنشین.
دست مریزاد مترجم
August 13, 2013
دست نوشتههای خصوصی نیچه، گاهی به صورت کاملن گنگی غیرقابل درک است اما در بعضی از جهات مانند چراغی پیرامون بعضی از کتوب منتشر شدهی وی را روشن میکند. در هر حال این کتاب برای نیچهشناسان و نیچهدوستان کتاب پر ثمری محسوب میشود و من از خواندن این کتاب بسیار لذت بردم و از پیرامون این پاره نوشتهها به نکاتی از فلسفهی نیچه پی بردم.
July 20, 2024
دست نوشته های پراکنده و چاپ نشده نیچه است که اگه با حوصله خونده بشه، میتونید چیزهای به درد بخوری پیدا کنید.
چند قسمت از کتاب:
ما باید بپذیریم که همه حقایق، دانسته ها و ارزشهای ما اموری سراپا تاریخی و فاقد هر گونه بنیان مطلقِ طبیعی یا ماوراء طبیعی اند.
ما باید در عین باور داشتن به آنها، بپذیریم که جملگی ساخته دست خود ما هستند و هر لحظه ممکن است در طوفان تاریخ بر باد روند. ما باید به درون مغاک نیهیلیسم ، به نیستی نهفته در پس همه اعمال و ارزشهایمان بنگریم و با این حال به عمل کردن ، زیستن و سخن گفتن ادامه دهیم.
زندگی نیازمند باور به حقیقت است ، اما توهم برای این منظور کافیست. حقایق خود را نه از طریق اثبات منطقی، بلکه به کمک اثرات خویش پا برجا مسازند.
فلسفه یعنی ابداع و آفرینش در ورای مرزهای تجربه.
تفکر فلسفی، ضربان بالهای خیال است.
تفکر فلسفی حتی زمانی که قادر نباشد خود را به مثابه تعبیری علمی اثبات کند ، باز هم به مثابه یک اثر هنری پا برجا می ماند. نکته تعیین کننده همان نگاه زیباشناختی است، نه میل ناب به معرفت.
راه نجات ما نه در دانستن، بلکه در آفریدن نهفته است! بزرگی ما از رفیعترین توهمات، از شریفترین عواطف ناشی میشود.
جهان با همان کوری و گنگیِ همیشگیاش به زندگی خود ادامه میدهد، تنها یک چیز میمیرد- انسان.
لذت هنری بزرگترین لذت است، زیرا به طور کلی حقیقت را در شکل دروغ بیان میکند.
چند قسمت از کتاب:
ما باید بپذیریم که همه حقایق، دانسته ها و ارزشهای ما اموری سراپا تاریخی و فاقد هر گونه بنیان مطلقِ طبیعی یا ماوراء طبیعی اند.
ما باید در عین باور داشتن به آنها، بپذیریم که جملگی ساخته دست خود ما هستند و هر لحظه ممکن است در طوفان تاریخ بر باد روند. ما باید به درون مغاک نیهیلیسم ، به نیستی نهفته در پس همه اعمال و ارزشهایمان بنگریم و با این حال به عمل کردن ، زیستن و سخن گفتن ادامه دهیم.
زندگی نیازمند باور به حقیقت است ، اما توهم برای این منظور کافیست. حقایق خود را نه از طریق اثبات منطقی، بلکه به کمک اثرات خویش پا برجا مسازند.
فلسفه یعنی ابداع و آفرینش در ورای مرزهای تجربه.
تفکر فلسفی، ضربان بالهای خیال است.
تفکر فلسفی حتی زمانی که قادر نباشد خود را به مثابه تعبیری علمی اثبات کند ، باز هم به مثابه یک اثر هنری پا برجا می ماند. نکته تعیین کننده همان نگاه زیباشناختی است، نه میل ناب به معرفت.
راه نجات ما نه در دانستن، بلکه در آفریدن نهفته است! بزرگی ما از رفیعترین توهمات، از شریفترین عواطف ناشی میشود.
جهان با همان کوری و گنگیِ همیشگیاش به زندگی خود ادامه میدهد، تنها یک چیز میمیرد- انسان.
لذت هنری بزرگترین لذت است، زیرا به طور کلی حقیقت را در شکل دروغ بیان میکند.
December 28, 2020
نیچه در کتاب «در باب حقیقت و دروغ در مفهومی غیراخلاقی» به ارائه گزارش و همچنین نقدی در باب نگرشهای معاصر به حقیقت و مفاهیم میپردازد و بدینگونه چنین استنباط میکند که این نگرشها از خودِ ایجاد و به وجود آوردن زبان، نشات میگیرند.
هر واژهای بیدرنگ به مفهومی بدل میشود، تا آنجا که گویی قرار نبودهاست یادآور تجربهای یگانه و کاملاً شخصی و اصیل باشد که زایش خود را بدان مدیون است؛ بلکه انگار میبایست با موارد بیشمار و کم و بیش همانندی – که به معنای واقعی کلمه یکسان نیستند – تطابق بیابد؛ به عبارتی دیگر با بسیاری موارد ناهمسان. در حقیقت هر مفهومی از همسانسازیِ مواردی ناهمسان سرچشمه گرفتهاست.
هر واژهای بیدرنگ به مفهومی بدل میشود، تا آنجا که گویی قرار نبودهاست یادآور تجربهای یگانه و کاملاً شخصی و اصیل باشد که زایش خود را بدان مدیون است؛ بلکه انگار میبایست با موارد بیشمار و کم و بیش همانندی – که به معنای واقعی کلمه یکسان نیستند – تطابق بیابد؛ به عبارتی دیگر با بسیاری موارد ناهمسان. در حقیقت هر مفهومی از همسانسازیِ مواردی ناهمسان سرچشمه گرفتهاست.
August 5, 2019
ترجمه عالی آقای فرهادپور باعث شد که نتونم کتاب رو رها کنم در بین این همه مشغلههای روزمره.
November 5, 2011
In the fall of 1982 I took Hans Siegfried's Nietzsche course at Loyola University Chicago. Having already read most of the philosopher's major works on my own, I hunted down some of the more obscure texts: things like his correspondence, notes and early academic publications. This was one such publication.
The class itself extended beyond Nietzsche, including substantial readings of American pragmatists such as John Dewey. As was expected, it being a Siegfried class, class discussions were heated.
The class itself extended beyond Nietzsche, including substantial readings of American pragmatists such as John Dewey. As was expected, it being a Siegfried class, class discussions were heated.
July 11, 2008
This text is an anthology of several of Nietzsche's more polished but unpublished essays from the early 1870s. Most of the essays are not available in English anywhere else. Many key ideas, unexpressed in other Nietzsche texts, regarding Nietzsche's theory of knowledge are articulated here. Dan Breazeale is correct to say in the prefatory material that this is essential material for anyone who wants to understand the mechanics of Nietzsche's epistemology.
March 24, 2008
If you're hoping for salacious details about Nietsche's private life (as I was), this is not the book for you. But do see my review of "My Sister and I".
January 24, 2013
I fell in love with Nietzsche's epistemology after finishing this book. I often return to it just to re-experience the brilliance of it.
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