This philosopher, semiotician, and scholar on ethics and the philosophy of language. He on a variety of subjects inspired scholars in a number of different traditions of Marxism, semiotics, and religionand in disciplines as diverse as history, philosophy, anthropology, and psychology. Although Bakhtin acted in the debates on aesthetics that took place in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, scholars rediscovered his not well known distinctive position in the 1960s.
Generally considered as a work of its own, this text from 1937/8 has not been published as a book in Russian (and in many other languages), but only as a part of his collected works. Along a trajectory from the ancient Greek adventure novel to Renaissance literature (of course in particular Gargantua et Pantagruel) Bakhtin shows how both the local and the chronological have been continuously filled with meaning. In the case of Rabelais work he shows how this has led to a consciousness of growing historical change 1500. Moreover he demonstrates how specific patterns of specific localities with temporal process have emerged that characterize literature until present (in particular in last chapter added before publication in 1975). Bakhtin sees the roots of many chronotopes in the folklore emerging with agricultural society, but that as well be a concession to the Marxist state doctrine (only in this context Engels is extensively cited).