A long book and very dense but I found it very helpful for going deeper into who Jesus was and is. This review is mostly quotes in order of appearance.
Christ - “We love him principally and ultimately for what he is; but nextly and immediately for what he did.”
I struggled through the first few chapters because they dealt all with heretical and conflicting thoughts at the time it was written, but that was still helpful to read.
My biggest takeaway from the work as a whole is the awe and reverence Owen gives to both God the Father and Jesus. He takes great care not to arrive flippantly at points or say anything to diminish the glory of God. Here is a quote that demonstrates this:
“But if the sun itself should come down unto the earth, nothing could bear its heat and lustre; our eyes would not be enlightened but darkened by its glory, and all things be swallowed up and consumed by its greatness; whereas, through the beams of it, every thing is enlightened and kindly refreshed. So is it with this eternal beam or brightness of the Father's glory. We cannot bear the immediate approach of the Divine Being; but through him, as incarnate, are all things communicated unto us, in a way suited unto our reception and comprehension.”
Here is a quote summarizing Owen’s perspective (nothing surprising) of Christ from the mid-1600’s. It is helpful for me to see that much of what we discuss now is not new thinking:
“This short but illustrious confession of Peter, compriseth eminently the whole truth concerning the person and office of Christ:--of his person, in that although he was the Son of man, (under which appellation he made his inquiry, "Whom do men say that I, the Son of man, am?") yet was he not only so, but the eternal Son of the living God:--of his office, that he was the Christ, he whom God had anointed to be the Saviour of the church, in the discharge of his kingly, priestly, and prophetical power.”
Here is a good hypostatic Union quote:
“But this assumption of our nature into hypostatical union with the Son of God, this constitution of one and the same individual person in two natures so infinitely distinct as those of God and man--whereby the Eternal was made in time, the Infinite became finite, the Immortal mortal, yet continuing eternal, infinite, immortal--is that singular expression of divine wisdom, goodness, and power, wherein God will be admired and glorified unto all eternity.”
God acts for his pleasure:
“God doth delight in the actual accomplishment of his works. He made not this world, nor any thing in it, for its own sake. Much less did he make this earth to be a theatre for men to act their lusts upon--the use which it is now put to, and groans under. But he made "all things for himself," Prov. xvi. 4; he "made them for his pleasure," Rev. iv. 11; that is, not only by an act of sovereignty, but to his own delight and satisfaction.”
Idolatry is unwillingness to wait for God’s timing to exalt himself and seek to make small representations of god to force him nearer in our own terms:
“But as, when Moses went into the mount, the Israelites would not wait for his return, but made a calf in his stead; so mankind--refusing to wait for the actual exhibition of that glorious image of himself which God had provided--broke in upon his wisdom and sovereignty, to make some of their own. For this cause was God so provoked, that he gave them up to such stupid blindness, that in those things wherein they thought to show themselves wise, and to bring God nearer unto them, they became contemptibly foolish--abased their nature, and all the noble faculties of their minds unto hell, and departed unto the utmost distance from God, whom they sought to bring near unto them.”
Humanity of Christ:
“I do not hereby ascribe the infusion of omniscience, of infinite understanding, wisdom, and knowledge, into the human nature of Christ. It was and is a creature, finite and limited, nor is a capable subject of properties absolutely infinite and immense. Filled it was with light and wisdom to the utmost capacity of a creature; but it was so, not by being changed into a divine nature or essence, but by the communication of the Spirit unto it without measure.”
Christ makes Old Testament sacrifices effectual:
“All expiatory sacrifices were, from the beginning, types and representations of the sacrifice of Christ; whereon all their use, efficacy, and benefit among men--all their acceptance with God--did depend. Remove this consideration from them, and they were as irrational a service, as unbecoming the divine nature, as any thing that reasonable creatures could fix upon.”
Our depravity hides the goodness of God so that we foolishly seek pleasure elsewhere:
“There is no greater discovery of the depravation of our natures by sin and degeneracy of our wills from their original rectitude, than that--whereas we are so prone to the love of other things, and therein do seek for satisfaction unto our souls where it is not to be obtained--it is so hard and difficult to raise our hearts unto the love of God. Were it not for that depravation, he would always appear as the only suitable and satisfactory object unto our affections.”
Sin is an affront to God’s glory and is not to be taken lightly:
“Man, by sin, had cast the most inconceivable dishonour on the righteousness, holiness, goodness, and rule of God; and himself into the guilt of eternal ruin. In this state it became the wisdom and goodness of God, neither to suffer the whole race of mankind to come short eternally of that enjoyment of himself for which it was created, nor yet to deliver any one of them without a retrieval of the eternal honour of his righteousness, holiness, and rule, from the diminution and waste that was made of it by sin. As this could no way be done but by a full satisfaction unto justice and an obedience unto the law, bringing and yielding more honour unto the holiness and righteousness of God than they could any way lose by the sin and disobedience of man;--so this satisfaction must be made, and this obedience be yielded, in and by the same nature that sinned or disobeyed, whereby alone the residue of mankind may be interested in the benefits and effects of that obedience and satisfaction. Yet was it necessary hereunto, that the nature wherein all this was to be performed, though derived from the same common stock with that whereof in all our persons we are partakers, should be absolutely free from the contagion and guilt which, with it and by it, are communicated unto our persons from that common stock.”
This is a long quote but I’ve never heard this concept anywhere before and it really knocked me off my feet. Christ incarnation was a step by step reversal of Adam’s presumption:
“Man was made to serve God in all things. In his person--in his soul and body--in all his faculties, powers, and senses--all that was given unto him or intrusted with him--he was not his own, but every way a servant, in all that he was in all that he had, in all that he did or was to do. This he was made for--this state and condition was necessary unto him as a creature. It could be no otherwise with any that was so; it was so with the angels, who were greater in dignity and power than man. The very name of creature includes the condition of universal subjection and service unto the Creator. This condition, in and by his sin, Adam designed to desert and to free himself from. He would exalt himself out of the state of service and obedience absolute and universal, into a condition of self-sufficiency--of domination and rule. He would be as God, like unto God; that is, subject no more to him, be in no more dependence on him--but advance his own will above the will of God. And there is somewhat of this in every sin;--the sinner would advance his own will in opposition unto and above the will of God. But what was the event hereof? Man, by endeavouring to free himself from absolute subjection and universal service, to invade absolute dominion, fell into absolute and eternal ruin. For our recovery out of this state and condition, considering how we cast ourselves into it, the way insisted on was found out by divine wisdom--namely, the incarnation of the Son of God; for he was Lord of all, had absolute dominion over all, owed no service, no obedience for himself--being in the form of God, and equal unto him. From this state of absolute dominion he descended into a condition of absolute service. As Adam sinned and fell by leaving that state of absolute service which was due unto him, proper unto his nature, inseparable from it,--to attempt a state of absolute dominion which was not his own, not due unto him, not consistent with his nature; so the Son of God, being made the second Adam, relieved us by descending from a state of absolute dominion, which was his own--due to his nature--to take on him a state of absolute service, which was not his own, nor due unto him. And this being inconsistent with his own divine nature, he performed it by taking our nature on him--making it his own. He descended as much beneath himself in his self-humiliation, as Adam designed to ascend above himself in his pride and self-exaltation. The consideration of the divine grace and wisdom herein the apostle proposeth unto us, Phil. ii. 6-8, "Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God; but made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men; and being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross." Adam being in the form--that is, the state and condition--of a servant, did by robbery attempt to take upon him the "form of God," or to make himself equal unto him. The Lord Christ being in the "form of God"--that is, his essential form, of the same nature with him--accounted it no robbery to be in the state and condition of God, to be "equal to him;" but being made in the "fashion of a man," taking on him our nature, he also submitted unto the form or the state and condition of a servant therein. He had dominion over all, owed service and obedience unto none, being in the "form of God," and equal unto him--the condition which Adam aspired unto; but he condescended unto a state of absolute subjection and service for our recovery. This did no more belong unto him on his own account, than it belonged unto Adam to be like unto God, or equal to him. Wherefore it is said that he humbled himself unto it, as Adam would have exalted himself unto a state of dignity which was not his due.”