Sherlock Holmes, the quintessential super sleuth of all fictional detectives has been featured not only in the famous adventures written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle but also in films from the silent era to today, in television programs, and of course in old-time radio from the 1930's to the late 1940's. While there have been several actors who portrayed the famous detective on the air the one that has become not only famous but synonymous with the character was of course Basil Rathbone. He was born Philip St. John Basil Rathbone on June 13, 1892 in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa to British parents. His distinctive voice, his English bearing, and his ability to swordfight catapulted him into fame often playing swashbuckling scoundrels opposite some exciting leading male stars. For example, Rathbone played Sir Guy of Gisbourne in The Adventures of Robin Hood (with Errol Flynn), Captain Esteban Pasquale in The Mark of Zorro (with Tyrone Power), Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (with Leslie Howard and Norma Shearer). He also portrayed some other remarkable characterizations such as the abusive Mr. Murdstone in David Copperfield (with Freddie Bartholomew), the hunchbacked and vicious Richard, the Duke of Gloucester in Tower of London (with Boris Karloff and Vincent Price), the Baron Wolf von Frankenstein in Son of Frankenstein, the polished bon vivant sleuth Philo Vance in The Bishop Murder Case, and the RAF commanding officer Major Brand in The Dawn Patrol (with Errol Flynn).
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was a Scottish writer and physician. He created the character Sherlock Holmes in 1887 for A Study in Scarlet, the first of four novels and fifty-six short stories about Holmes and Dr. Watson. The Sherlock Holmes stories are milestones in the field of crime fiction.
Doyle was a prolific writer. In addition to the Holmes stories, his works include fantasy and science fiction stories about Professor Challenger, and humorous stories about the Napoleonic soldier Brigadier Gerard, as well as plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction, and historical novels. One of Doyle's early short stories, "J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement" (1884), helped to popularise the mystery of the brigantine Mary Celeste, found drifting at sea with no crew member aboard.