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Last of the Blue and Gray: Old Men, Stolen Glory and the Mystery that Outlived the Civil War

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In the late 1950s, as America prepared for the Civil War centennial, two very old men lay dying. Albert Woolson, 109 years old, slipped in and out of a coma at a Duluth, Minnesota, hospital, his memories as a Yankee drummer boy slowly dimming. Walter Williams, at 117 blind and deaf and bedridden in his daughter's home in Houston, Texas, no longer could tell of his time as a Confederate forage master. The last of the Blue and the Gray were drifting away; an era was ending.

Unknown to the public, centennial officials, and the White House too, one of these men was indeed a veteran of that horrible conflict and one according to the best evidence nothing but a fraud. One was a soldier. The other had been living a great, big lie.

232 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2013

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About the author

Richard A. Serrano

6 books12 followers
A native of Kansas City, Missouri, Richard A. Serrano reported on the Hyatt skywalks tragedy, the cause of the collapse, and the ensuing litigation for the Kansas City Times, for which he shared a Pulitzer Prize.

Richard A. Serrano is a Pulitzer Prize–winning former Washington correspondent for the Los Angeles Times. He spent 45 years covering the Pentagon, the wars in Haiti and the middle East, the US Justice Department, the FBI, and the War on Terror.

Serrano lives in Fairfax, VA.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 30 reviews
Profile Image for Joseph.
768 reviews60 followers
April 23, 2020
A fascinating look at the fading of our memories over time and the impact great events have on ordinary people. The author tells the stories of the oldest surviving Civil War veterans. Some were the real deal, others were impostors looking for fame and fortune or at least a hot meal and a warm bed. This book also covered the Centennial commemoration, something rarely mentioned in my Civil War studies. Overall a very engaging and entertaining read. A worthy effort.
Profile Image for Adam.
105 reviews14 followers
October 15, 2013
On its surface, Richard Serrano's Last of the Blue and Gray is the story of two men, both veterans of the Civil War, and the paths they took once the battles ended. The first, Albert Woolson, fought for the Union and would remain and active part of veterans groups until the end of his life. The second, Walter Williams, was a Confederate soldier who kept his distance from those groups after the war's end, choosing instead to live a solitary life in rural Texas. Both men's stories are far from unusual, especially since both lived typical and un-dramatic lives, save for one important aspect: when Woolson died, he was 107 years old and the last of the Union soldiers, just as Williams was the last of the Confederate soldiers--in fact, the last Civil War soldier from either side--when he passed away at age 117. Their deaths marked the end of an era that, even today, seems almost unimaginable: young men, even boys, taking up arms against their fellow countrymen; fields were soaked in blood, hills and forests were littered with bodies, and limbs were amputated with medical indiscretion, often worsening the soldier's already excruciating condition. Even more, their lifetimes allowed them--or, if you prefer, forced them--to see the progression and advancements of man's hatred towards man. Their war, fought with cannons and rifles, paled in comparison to the Second World War, in which tanks, B-52s, and atomic bombs became the weapons of choice. Suddenly, in only 80 years, combat became industrialized: now, instead of facing down foes with bayonets on the battlefield, hundreds of soldiers could be wiped out with one strategic strike. It's a lesson in how our world can change for the worse, if we just give it enough time and ignore the wisdom of those who've come before us.

Beneath this story, however, is a much broader lesson in what happens when history itself is not only ignored but unpreserved. More than a few chapters of Serrano's book focus on the controversy over Williams' age--he may have been more than a decade younger than he claimed--and his service in the war, which was difficult to verify. Throughout the controversy, which took place while Williams was confined to his bed and unable to defend himself, records were sought out and double-checked, which would have solved the issue had it not been for poor Confederate records-keeping. Where Woolson's service was irrefutable, Williams died with his achievement still in question. Even today, his life and service both come with an asterisk, and many now agree that he was not the last Civil War soldier, and even more look at his purported age with heavy skepticism.

Serrano himself seems all but certain that Williams' claim was fraudulent, though he admits it may have been unintentional: after years of embracing the lie, Williams's advanced age may have transformed the lie into truth without his consent, making him both culpable and innocent. This theory, not to mention a rumination on the nature of truth when its keepers are all gone, would have made for an interesting tangent had Serrano followed it. Instead, he spends more than enough of the book's 200 pages on the history of Civil War reunions--which are interesting in themselves but hardly important here--and the procedures of veteran's-group meetings, differing opinions on the Confederate flag, and the final years of both Woolson and Williams, which are heavy with descriptions of their bodies abandoning them to dementia and immobility. Important topics and difficult questions are ignored for day-by-day descriptions of two incredibly old men--two figures of immense historical importance--slipping towards death.

Regardless of how we see the Civil War today, or how we handle the moral quandaries that come with commemorating men while at the same time being appalled by the cause for which they fought, these were two men who lived long, humble, and productive lives. Accepting that Williams was a veteran in the same vein as Woolson, they deserved to have their achievements celebrated, if not for the sake of preserving their glory as soldiers, then at least to promote their civility and humility as men--as citizens, neighbors, and fathers. And taking as fact what the evidence seems to suggest, that Williams' claim was false, doesn't necessarily mean he deserves to be maligned in print as a sort of contrast against Woolson--the pretend veteran against the real one, the dishonorable man against the honorable one. After all, it's Serrano himself who suggests that Williams may have been little more than an old man grabbing onto a fantasy he thought was true. It seems almost perverse to maintain both storylines in the same book, framing a man as both a willing fraud and a misguided centenarian, and had Serrano explored those ideas instead of rushing past them in search of the next long diversion, he may have found something worth filling his pages.


This review was originally published at There Will Be Books Galore.
Profile Image for Nathan Albright.
4,487 reviews171 followers
February 24, 2024
I have to admit that I was surprised by how interesting this particular book was.  The author, who appears to focus on somewhat dark historical mysteries, writes about the attempts of various people--most of them Southerners--who attempted to steal glory and fraudulently receive pensions by claiming to be aged Civil War veterans.  In discussing the story and its repercussions, the author reminds us that the Civil War has not ended and that our efforts to remember the Civil War often lead to hostility that reminds us that the war is not yet over [1].  Yet the author himself, while he is good at telling the narrative of the (mostly fake) soldiers and their efforts at deceiving themselves and others, does not necessarily draw all of the connections between these tales and the larger social context of the civil war as well as the treatment of the elderly in the time of the Great Depression and afterward.  The author leaves the reader to connect some of the dots that make this story compelling and relevant, but it is certainly an intriguing tale on its own.

As a whole, this book has a somewhat scattered narrative that jumps around a good deal from person to person, giving a biographical history of those who claimed to be the last surviving soldiers of the blue and the gray and finding the vast majority of them to be fakers.  The last surviving Union solder of the GAR, who lived in Duluth, was the only one to have actually served among the last handful of claimants, most of whom were too young to participate in the Civil War and just missed their chance for glory, some of whom even passed themselves off as others in order to claim some valor decades after the fact and ended up the subject of extensive journalistic efforts at exposing the truth.  Why the South should be the subject of so many more frauds than the North is something the writer does not speculate on but leaves it to the reader to ponder over for oneself, even as the author notes that the increased availability of documentation has made it possible for pension applications and family clams of military service to be looked at with much greater scrutiny.

Overall, this book presents a picture of old people claiming Civil War service late in life, around the time of the Great Depression in many cases, as a way of obtaining a pension in old age.  The author does not say whether there was a social obligation of one kind or another to support the elderly poor, for example, although readers can make their own conclusions.  Of interest as well is the way that the author connects claims about Civil War service to simmering racial tensions and the meaning of the Confederate battle flag, which remains contentious.  The author also points out the way that the centennial of the Civil War also served to increase tensions about segregation and served to embarrass South Carolina during early commemorative events.  Although there are no more Civil War veterans alive among us, the Civil War brings up unfinished business about the relationship between federal, state, and local authority, the lack of uniformity of culture across all areas of the United States, and questions of racial and economic justice.  In light of this unfinished business, the story reminds us of he way that the Civil War gets connected with so many other social problems and difficulties within our country that the truth is not always easy to untangle from the layers of misdirection and deception.

[1] See, for example:

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2016...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2016...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2016...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2016...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2015...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2015...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2013...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2012...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2011...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2016...
Profile Image for Tim Armstrong.
776 reviews5 followers
December 18, 2025
This is probably more 3.5/5 but there are some glaring mistakes (U.S.S. Titanic? I was unaware the Titanic was an American warship).

It's a book full of interesting tales about the last of the Civil War veterans (some real and many imposters). It was a somewhat disorganized book but I was able to keep all the stories straight in my mind. Overall it was interesting, but I feel it could have been better and I worry that some of the facts may be incorrect.
Profile Image for Laina Johnston.
183 reviews6 followers
July 22, 2023
This was interesting to me. I enjoy learning obsolete and random facts from US history. If you are a reader of similar taste I would recommend this.
Profile Image for Caroline.
719 reviews159 followers
January 24, 2016
In December 1959, as America was drawing up plans to commemorate the centennial of the opening shots of the Civil War just two years later, an old man named Walter Williams died in his bed in Houston, Texas. He was, or was believed to be, 117 years old, and he was, or was believed to be, the last surviving Confederate veteran. Three years earlier, in 1956, Albert Woolson died in Duluth, Minnesota, aged 109, the last of the Union veterans. Both men were honoured in death as the last of the Blue and Gray, with dignitaries both political and military attending their last rites, with military honours, nationwide press coverage, state funerals.

But there were doubts about the legitimacy of one man's claims, doubts which are not yet resolved today. Many men in the years after the Civil War claimed battle honours they had not earned, for personal glory, for profit and a pension check, out of mischief or a simple desire for attention. Some were exposed, some were humoured, and some went to their graves insisting their tall tales were true. Were Woolson or Williams amongst that number? Who knows.

This is a short book, and you can tell Serrano is a journalist and not an historian. It's an interesting read, but it cries out for greater historical depth, for more analysis of whether Woolson and Williams were frauds or genuine veterans. There are some sloppy errors of fact and typography - my copy repeatedly had 'pubic' instead of 'public', and as been pointed out already, the Titanic was an HMS, not a USS. It's a tad too sensationalist in tone for a history book - again, the journalistic influence - and left me a bit dissatisfied, and keen to find something on the post-Civil War lives of veterans with more depth and gravitas.
144 reviews3 followers
June 23, 2024
A unique topic of Civil War history. The author traces the lives of several very long-lived Civil War veterans. Most of these guys were characters, and had interesting lives--as you might imagine for anyone living over a hundred years.

But the most fascinating aspect of these old codgers' lives was the probability that more than a few of them were confused about their part in the war, exaggerated their roles and experiences, or just plain made stuff up. That's a bit nervy, especially considering that there was pension money at stake, not to mention awards and accolades from veteran's groups, as well as State and Federal attention.

I indirectly remember the Walter Williams story. When Bruce Catton's Civil War history was published in an abridged American Heritage edition in the early '60s, I got it for my 8th or 9th birthday.

Catton started off by asking, rhetorically, why wonder about something that happened such a long time ago? Then he mentioned that the last person who had anything to do with the war died in 1959. Now I know he was talking about Williams.

I wish that Serrano had explored the psychology of guys like Williams--who might or might not be who he claimed to be. The author does lay out the official and circumstantial evidence both in support of and against his claimed service. The strange thing is that the myth (if he was partially or completely fraudulent) generated momentum that became the reality.

Despite a lot of discrepancies in his story, he still got all the recognition and more due a 117-year-old veteran upon his death. Anyway, is such a short book, another couple of chapters on the history of a couple of the survivor's histories would have added some more insight into such a complex subject.

My only quibble with Serrano's factual Civil War commentary concerns the battle of Gettysburg. He includes the struggle for the Peach Orchard (which happened on July 2nd) with Pickett's Charge on July 3rd at the Bloody Angle. The two places were a good distance apart--the only commonality was that both attacks were directed by Longstreet.

I enjoyed the book, and it piqued my interest in the topic, but might've benefited from a deeper analysis.
Profile Image for Scott.
35 reviews
January 7, 2020
I came to this book for a bit more context on how Americans have historically handled the eventual death of an entire veterans group. I ended up getting a lot more out of it than that. In the case of Civil War veterans the number if imposters was quite high. The lengths"veterans" would go to claim inclusion surprised me intially, but when considering that many were seeking pensions during the darkest days of The Great Depression it made a lot more sense. The incentives were high to lie.

Overall, the book was really interesting. The narrative bounced around a bit, but I can understand Serrano's need to cover many people, places, and stories to get a comprehensive look at these final Civil War veterans and imposters.
Author 2 books2 followers
September 7, 2021
An interesting examination of the last veterans of the American Civil War - both real and fraudulent - Serrano's "Outlived the Civil War" is an engaging and well-written account of the twilight years of the last of the Blue and Gray, and of the elderly men who, in the pinch of the Great Depression, engaged in stolen valor to try and survive the lean years with the assistance of veteran's pensions. While there are one or two instances wherein Serrano gets minor details confused and mistaken - most memorable to me was referring, at one point, to the sinking of the "U.S.S. Titanic" in 1912 - overall the volume is an interesting look at the lives of the last two verified Civil War veterans, and at the imposters who outlived them both.
162 reviews
June 30, 2024
A very interesting book that gives good insight to how people think and hang onto belief even in the face of evidence. Who was the last surviving Civil War soldier? Were they really that old?
Did old feelings change or just go underground?
Profile Image for RK Byers.
Author 8 books71 followers
October 16, 2017
had no idea how pissed the Stars & Bars made Union veterans.
Profile Image for Elizabeth.
40 reviews
February 9, 2018
Kept you guessing right up until the end who was the last living Civil War veterans...The Texan or the Minnesotan.
1,342 reviews8 followers
February 18, 2021
I’m not quite sure what the point of this book was, but I did enjoy it. It’s amazing to think that Civil War veterans lived so long.
Profile Image for Donny.
160 reviews1 follower
July 20, 2021
Ripping! A story well worth reading.
734 reviews16 followers
July 4, 2014
I should have written a review of this when I finished it...now it's been six weeks and that void called short-term memory lapse has hit hard for this book. That should describe its impact on me--not much. I do remember thinking that it was a bit scattered and didn't really build up on the promise that was established early about the people who were pretending to be Civil War veterans. There was absolutely no suspense regarding the men with those claims other than the fact they could claim military benefits illegally and brag they were the last living veteran. When the "mystery" was revealed, it is rather ho-hum...to the point that I can barely remember it!
Profile Image for Diana.
Author 1 book38 followers
April 27, 2014
Really, 3.5. This book is a really interesting look at what happened to Civil War veterans in their twilight years, and why some men claimed veteran status even though they never served. It's a good survey book of the issues--the end of the G.A.R., the Civil War Centennial, Civil Rights, and the former heroes aging in completely different world than where they spent four years of their youth. I would have loved more detail, but it's a good place to start if you're new to the subject. Worth the read because it's highly accessible and paints a picture of men whose moment of glory has passed.
Profile Image for Chris Brown.
83 reviews6 followers
December 24, 2013
While the basic premise of the book is interesting - i.e. who was the longest living veteran of the Civil War, and when did he die? - I found the book to be overly repetitive and draggy.

It was interesting to consider some of the points the author made about these long-lived veterans. For example, they served in a war with horses, cannons, and musket balls and yet lived to see a nuclear bomb dropped on a foreign country. That is mind-blowing.
Profile Image for Rick Hollis.
131 reviews3 followers
June 13, 2014
I remember the spread in Life magazine about the last soldiers to fight in the Civil War. Serrano's book traces them from the early reunions down to the death of the last one.

At the time I read about Walter Williams in Life, I knew nothing about the questions of his war time record. It is a bit disappointing to find that he was not what people claimed. I am gld I did not know this when I was ten.
Profile Image for Karen & Gerard.
Author 1 book26 followers
February 1, 2014
Last of the Blue and Gray--Old Men, Stolen Glory, and the Mystery That Outlived The Civil War by Richard A. Serrano is a fascinating look at the lives of some of the men who fought in the Civil War. Most of these men lived to be over 100 years old--wow! This book centers on one man who said he fought in the war but he really didn't. I enjoyed hearing these stories!
(Gerard's review)
Profile Image for Chaim Shapiro.
32 reviews22 followers
December 9, 2013
This was a great book. As soon as I picked this up, I simply could not put it down. I can not recall the last time I read a book in 1 sitting.

Artful history storytelling that kept me guessing until the end.
Profile Image for Jim Blessing.
1,268 reviews12 followers
January 16, 2014
This book was mildly interesting. A book about the last veterans of WWI was much more interesting. The reputed last Union veteran of the war is legit. Whereas, most of the last Confederates vererans were fakes.
Profile Image for G Rosenberger.
1 review
February 16, 2014
An account of the grip the American Civil War still had on our country one hundred years later. Parochial pridefulness and political egotism could not let these old soldiers fade from the limelight. Not an easy read but it brings insight that still registers to this day.
Profile Image for Charles M..
432 reviews4 followers
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March 15, 2014
Fascinating story of how several elderly men during the 40s and 50s duped everybody into thinking they were bonafide veterans of the Civil War; resulting in them stealing the limelight and receiving tax payer pensions.
Profile Image for Robert.
799 reviews20 followers
February 7, 2014
Wonderful bit of American history - the price of fame/fortune on being the last civil war soldier. Loved it.
Profile Image for Torieqwq.
169 reviews2 followers
March 17, 2014
This would be a great gift for any Civil War scholar in your life. I especially liked the discussion of how the Centennial of the War was observed.
270 reviews7 followers
May 1, 2015
Could have been written in half the space.
51 reviews
December 21, 2013
I really wanted to like this more, but it was rather poorly written.
Profile Image for Sarah.
1,643 reviews89 followers
April 21, 2017
I was interested in the mystery of the two veterans, but after reading a chunk of the book, they still hadn't been talked about so I gave up.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 30 reviews