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Scrive Eugenio Montale che «Svevo è stato il maggior romanziere che l'Italia abbia dato dai tempi di Verga fino a oggi». La pubblicazione in edizione economica della Coscienza di Zeno dopo Una vita e Senilità permette al lettore di cogliere in successione gli elementi di collegamento tra i tre romanzi di Svevo. Infatti, nonostante il lungo intervallo di tempo trascorso tra la pubblicazione di Una vita (1892), di Senilità (1898) e quella della Coscienza di Zeno (1923), si può senz'altro affermare che Zeno è il fratello maggiore di Alfonso ed Emilio. Nella Coscienza di Zeno persiste infatti l'essenziale vocazione analitica del protagonista, il quale ha le stesse caratteristiche di «antieroe» incapace di «vivere come gli altri», l'uomo che sperimenta su di sè, in una gamma che va dalla disperazione tragica all'ironico sorriso di compatimento, la sua «assenza dalla vita». Non mancano però le note nuove: il contenuto autobiografico qui si manifesta nella formula del monologo interiore; c'è un intervento più maturo dell'esperienza psicanalitica e affiora una sorta di fine umorismo e insieme di razionale scetticismo tipico di Zeno rispetto al grigiore interiore degli altri personaggi sveviani. Per concludere con le parole di Montale, «La coscienza di Zeno è una grande commedia psicologica... Non esiste narratore moderno che più di Svevo abbia allargato la conoscenza dell'anima umana».
479 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1923
I felt a shudder run through me at the vision of all that acid, but immediately afterwards I had a somewhat happier vision of life: I didn’t like lemons, but if they were to give me the liberty to do what I should do or wanted to do without suffering harm, freeing me from every other restraint, I would consume those countless lemons myself. Complete freedom consists of being able to do what you like, provided you also do something you like less. True slavery is being condemned to abstinence: Tantalus, not Hercules.
Late one night I had come home and, rather than go to bed, I had entered my little study and turned on the gas. In the light a fly began to torment me. I managed to give it a tap – a light one, however, to avoid soiling my hand. I forgot about it, but then I saw it in the center of the table as it was coming to. It was motionless, erect, and it seemed taller than before, because one of its little legs was paralyzed and couldn’t bend. With its two hind legs it assiduously smoothed its wings. It tried to move, but turned over on its back. It righted itself and stubbornly resumed its assiduous task.
Natural law does not entitle us to happiness, but rather it prescribes wretchedness and sorrow. When something edible is left exposed, from all directions parasites come running, and if there are no parasites, they are quickly generated. Soon the prey is barely sufficient, and immediately afterwards it no longer suffices at all, for nature doesn’t do sums, she experiments.











'I suppose you don't believe I need a cure and can't understand why I take it so seriously.' p.27The doctor asked Zeno at a certain point of time to write down his memories. This gave him the chance to think and write freely about his parents, his family, his marriage, his mistress, friends, business etc. The reader may often think: What does all this has to do with smoking?

'If only he knew how we tend to talk about things for which we have the words all ready, and how we avoid subjects that would oblige us to look up words in the dictionary!' p.536Zeno explained what happens during psychoanalysis and thus during this novel:
'… neither the same images nor the same words ever repeat themselves. It ought to be called by another name, psychical adventure, perhaps. Yes, that is just what it is. When one starts such an analysis, it is like entering a wood, not knowing whether one is going to meet a brigand or a friend. Nor is one quite sure which it has been, after the adventure is over.' p.551Except for the fact we all know by now that smoking is unhealthy, only very little has changed since Svevo has published this book in 1923. Zeno’s stream of consciousness could have been written just now. In his own way Zeno struggled with the same themes as you do. This may be the reason you might tend to forget how extremely modern this book was and is: Psychoanalysis was new at that time, just like the use of a stream of consciousness as a literary technique. No wonder that James Joyce, Svevo’s friend, appreciated this book. Zeno’s confessions are those of Svevo, partly fictionalized, just like Karl Ove Knausgård ‘My Struggle’ novels which were written almost a century later.
'I must put a stop to all this folly, unless I want to end in a lunatic asylum.' p.554Read it!