Though I am not part of a nation that ever succeeded in forming an empire, and which, historically, has been a victim more often than an oppressor, I am nevertheless a citizen of modern Europe and reaping the benefits of Western, Christian-rooted civilisation - as well as the privileges my skin colour offers. I mention this because as I read Thompson's book, the overwhelming and recurring emotions were embarrassment and dismay at the destruction white man has brought upon nations of a darker skin in the name of progress. The ill treatment of the Irish and other white yet not-quite-British peoples nonwithstanding, a white/non-white division is appropriate for this story, as skin colour seems to be the main criteria for distinguishing a civilised man from a savage in colonial exploration. Or, indeed, a man from a beast.
That is the sour, painful backdrop, and told in prose, it should leave even the historically aware reader heartbroken. Against this, we have the well-known figure of Charles Darwin (whose presence in this book was the main appeal for me), but the true protagonist is William FitzRoy, an officer of the Royal Navy and the father of meteorology-a remarkable man, and a scientist in his own right. Unappreciated as he was during his lifetime, he continues to be overshadowed by Darwin to this day, even though his discoveries were just as eminent, and I would hazard to say, a great deal more practical than the famed theory of evolution.
The book, as life did, puts these two ingenious men in the cramped hold of the Beagle for over five years. Barely in their twenties at the onset of the voyage, they grow older and wiser together, and we readers are privy to their most intimate conversations. They speak of science, and they speak of God, almost exclusively- for those are the two forces which set their world in motion and give it meaning. Their simultaneous existence is never disputed (what may come as a surprise, perhaps, to followers of the modern-day creationism vs evolution brouhaha)- but what brings the men to their final impasse is the interpretation of their application.
The reader who would seek to condemn one man's vision and praise the other's will find himself at a loss. FitzRoy and Darwin's scientific knowledge complement each other. Both men are believers. Both make astounding discoveries and come to brilliant conclusions. Both, also, make terrible mistakes. In building his theory, Darwin meanders, at once rising to heights of enlightenment, then again falling into the trap of racism and white supremacy. Interestingly, it is not any scientific conclusion which causes him to doubt the existence of God, but a personal tragedy which he finds too enormous to bear. FitzRoy, while rejecting sound proof and logic for the literal word of the Bible, nevertheless conducts scientific research, compiles precise charts, and develops a system of weather forecasting which saves thousands of lives. His Christian devotion hinders him from embracing Darwin's theory, but it leads him, also, to reject his companion's disturbing conclusion of that theory- that men are not created equal, that a superior race does exist, and it must, without any doubt, prevail.
Yet for all his sound moral standing, FitzRoy is a tool of the colonialist machine, and his convictions do not follow those of his superiors. On more than one occasion, he finds himself torn between duty and morality- a torment from which Darwin is spared, being only a passenger on the ship. At great personal cost and risk, FitzRoy leads a naive quest for civilisation; his discovery that he has been used to carry forth nothing but disease and decay all but destroys him.
I recommend this book not only to anyone interested in the story of Darwin's discoveries and the British deeds and misdeeds in the Southern Hemisphere, but most especially to those who wish to explore the challenge which scientific fact poses to the Christian faith, and vice versa. In this age of snappy slogans and snarky internet memes, it's healthy to remember that no one issue is ever as simple as a clever turn of phrase.