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बूँद और समुद्र

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पठनीयता के बल पर हिन्‍दी उपन्यास को ख्याति और प्रतिष्ठा दिलानेवालों में अमृतलाल नागर का नाम अग्रणी है। कई पीढ़ियों ने उनकी क़लम से निकले हृदयग्राही कथा-रस का आस्वाद लिया है। कथा-साहित्य के कई अविस्मरणीय चरित्रों की सृष्टि का सेहरा भी नागरजी के ही सर बँधा है।

डॉ रामविलास शर्मा ने लिखा, “हिन्‍दी के कुछ लेखक मार्क्सवाद पर पुस्तकें भी लिख चुके हैं लेकिन उनके पात्र वैसे सजीव नहीं होते, जैसे गाँधीवादी लेखक अमृतलाल नागर के ‘सेठ बाँकेमल’ या ‘बूँद और समुद्र’ की ताई। इसका कारण यह है की मार्क्सवाद या गांधीवाद ही किसी लेखक को कलाकार नहीं बना देता। कथाकार बनाने के लिए मार्मिक अनुभूति आवश्यक है जो जीवन के हर पहलू को देख सके। सामाजिक जीवन की जानकारी ही न होगी तो दृष्टिकोण बेचारा क्या करेगा?”

लखनऊ के नागर, मध्यवर्गीय सामाजिक जीवन का अन्तरंग और सजीव चित्रण करनेवाला यह उपन्यास हिन्‍दी उपन्यास-परम्‍परा में एक कालजयी कृति माना जाता है।

472 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1956

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About the author

Amritlal Nagar

47 books42 followers
He started off as an author and journalist, but moved on to be an active writer in the Indian film industry for 7 years. He worked as a drama producer in All India Radio between December 1953 and May 1956. At this point he realised that a regular job would always be a hindrance to his literary life, so he devoted himself to freelance writing.

Often cited as the true literary heir of Premchand, Amritlal Nagar created his own independent and unique identity as a littérateur and is counted as one of the most important and multi-faceted creative writers of Indian literature.

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Profile Image for Prabhat  sharma.
1,549 reviews23 followers
March 31, 2021
Boond Aur Samurdra by Amritlal Nagar – novel- Hindi- Published by Kitab Mahal, Allahabad, 1969 Third Edition 1973- The novel depicts social life of middle class society of mostly Lucknow and its sub-urban areas. Time-after partition of the country. After independence of the country from British rule, people are feeling the change. They are gradually changing. First, inter-caste marriages, second, use of bread and egg as breakfast, third fear of taboos is reducing. Temples are built at important places have large open spaces garden and big shady trees. Morning evening, people sit and chat, read newspapers, visit the temple, discuss law and politics, marriages and other daily incidents. Some people who have contacts with government officers and Ministers have risen high and are soon rich. Houses are constructed in such a way that the roods are open and women can meet their neighbours easily Electricity connection have not been given in the city. Sweepers are a caste whom people do not like to touch. If neighbours visit one another, men and women guests sit and takes snacks at separate places of the house. They do not sit together in the drawing room. Vacant houses are being allotted to the citizens who have been displaced from Pakistan and are found needy of accommodation after enquiry by the Government. Chewing paan with tobacco is popular with men and women. Waking up early and visiting banks of river Gomti is customary for all men and women. Husband and wife do not view a movie together, women go with women friends while men go with their male friends. Bhabhuti, a goldsmith has two sons, two daughters-in-law and Nando daughter who has left her husband and lives with him. Taiji is neighbour. She is childless, her daughter died after 9 months of birth. Her husband Raibahadur Sir Dwarkadas Agrawal, is a wealthy jeweler. He has married again and Taiji lives in a separate house with expenses provided by her husband. Outer shops of the kothi were on rent to tenants but inside the kothi, there were no tenants. Tara is their neighbour who is a tenant in Taiji’s kothi. Tara’s marriage is inter-caste. Dwarkadas Agrawal started as a poor young man. He parents had spent all their wealth on dancers and drinking. He had a small jewelry shop. After independence, rich started selling their jewels and Dwarkadas purchased and others purchased them. Soon he was better in finance. He purchased a Kothi in which he found gold and silver in the basement after digging. He purchased a large shop and started his jewelry store. Sardarji, a carpenter, is a tenant to whom government has allotted a part of Taiji’s kothi. Sardarji’s brother-in-law lives on the top floor and he has cut his hair. Another tenant is a masalapharosh who sells various masala on cart wheel. Some years earlier, Nando had asked a servant in Tara’s husband’s gold shop to steal some ornaments, divide between them. The stealing incident happened and at Gomti river after bath, some people overheard Nando talk about this incident. Nando gave this ornament to Lale Dalal’s wife to sell but she neither sold it nor gave any money to Nando.
Dead body of a new born child was found in Company Bagh and police took cognizance of the incident. Jagdamba sahai’s son had long expired. His daughter-in-law Jasoda Devi was pregnant. Police called her for enquiry. She immolated herself. Shukla Police Sub- Inspector arrived on the spot. Jagdambai sahai’s daughter Vankanya came out and said to the police sub-inspector that her father and Bhabhi (deceased) both are responsible for this incident. Bhabhi’s husband expired while she was young. Her father took advantage of the situation. Bhabhi’s problem is that she was financially dependent on her father. Vankanya supports Communist ideology. Sajjan the painter, had come to find some inspiration for painting.
Mr Tribhuvannath Verma, jeweler visits his neighbours. Youonger son’s wife Tara requests the guests to sit together and have tea and snacks. Both families, Shankar and Verma visit a movie together. They travel on a tonga. Here they meet Mr Virahesh, poet, who has written lyrics for this movie. Virahesh is introduced to Tara, Mohini, Shankar lal and Swarupkumari Lal. They purchased cakes and coffee before the movie started. Sajjan, the painter and his friend Colonel sahib @ Naginchandra Jain owner of Victoria Medical Store had also come to view the same movie. Sajjan’s aim is to find typical habits and features in people so that he can show them in his painting. Colonel, who owns Victoria medical store, called Birhesh as bore. After the movie is over, Sajjan and Colonel leave for home. Sajjan’s father has wasted all his money and has died. Sajjan was admitted to Arts school. He travelled, saw the country. On the way, he met Dr Shiela Swing and Mahipal who took them in the car to the residence of the doctor. Today is Christmas eve. After having a drink and staying for some at Dr Shiela Swing’s residence both left for their residences. Mahipal and Dr Shiela are friends. Mahipal is a writer. His livelihood is royalty of his published books. Last month, his daughter fell ill. Dr Shiela treated her to recover but financially Mahipal broke. His family had 9 members and he had to find other sources of income as his publisher had informed him that his books are not selling and the market is down. He had to write Radio dramas and columns for newspaper for income. Mahipal Shukla ate paan so that smell of hot drinks would subside. His wife Kalyani served some refreshments to him. He offered to his wife but she refused. She complained about her neighbours Deep Narayan. Deepa is his daughter who has neither been educated nor married. Deep Narain’s co-brother lives next to him. He serves in other city. He sends money every month. Deep Narain spends his income on his sister- in -law. Thus his family suffers. Dr Jaipal Shukla is his younger brother. He is well of financially. Mahipal has to marry his niece to a groom but he has no money to arrange for dowry. Next day, Colonel and Sajjan visit a sweetmeat vendor whose name is doctor. Doctors informs Sajjan that he has not paid for his Rabri which he had purchased yesterday with the promise that he will pay today. Colonel saves Sajjan by saying that Sajjan has come to this market for the first time. Both have breakfast and leave for the temple. It is Tuesday and there is rush. Story of self-immolation of widow Jasoda Devi after child birth and of Jagdamba Sahai had been published in local newspaper. A new story stated that father of the child is Bhalle Babu. Bhalle Babu is a Communist. He is friend of my sister- in- law Vankanya. Vankanya is not her orginal name. She has changed her name in the High School exam. Mr Jagdamba Sahai called Bhalle Babu and informed that he should take his son with him. Bhalle Babu took the child and killed the child. Jasoda Devi is immolating herself for shame at this incident. Political leaders knew that Bhalle Babu and other Communists had a stronghold on votes of rikshawpullers, tongamen and other labourers. They wanted to character assassinate him. One incident happened. Daughter-n-law of a well- known Vakil came and spat on the face of Lala Mukundimal. She moved towards Sajjan. Sajjan caught her by her hand and slapped her. She said to her father-in-law, I want to go to Rajesh. Vakil sahib held her hand and took her home. Sajjan left for his residence. He found that Vankanya was waiting for him. Vankanya informed him that One Magistrate, One Police Sub-Inspector, one Medical doctor and one Political Party leader put a pen in the hand of the dead Jasoda and took her signature on a confession letter. Vankanya informed Sajjan that Vakil’s daughter-in-law was a close relative. His son Rajesh, an army officer flirted with her and has now left her. Vankanya has written an article for a newspaper. Sajjan reads it and informs Vankanya that this is election time and such thought provoking article should be published later. By now, Vankanya and Sajjan were friendly. Vankanya informed Sajjan that another of her Bhabhi has an abnormal body. Because of this her brother suffers from depression. Vankanya informed that she has no place to live as her father has turned her out of his house. Sajjan suggests that she can live one of his vacant rooms. New Year 1952- The dead body of a woman was found on the railway track. Police is trying to identify her. An aero plane throws pamphlets in Hindi and Urdu. This pamphlet is the article written by Vankanya narrating the story of situation under which her sister-in-law Jasoda Devi has attempted self-immolation. In the end, there is a moral lesson for young men and women to be aware, unite and hope to fight against such white collared people in society. The letter is signed by Vankanya, Sajjan Verma, Mahipal Shukla and Nagainchand Jain @Colonel Sahaab. Vankanya informed that she has taken a separate room and is living near her friend’s house. Sajjan provided her money as assistance.
Nando’s elder Bhabhi had met Virahesh, the lyric writer at the movie. She wanted to meet him again. She asked Nando to organize a meeting with Virahesh. Taiji found three kitten in her house. She wanted to throw them but when they were so small and pretty, she did not throw them out. She purchased milk for them and served them. Late at night, some thieves entered Taiji‘s house. They threw away her things away. They sprinkled red sindoor on her face, tied her with a rope and left her house.
As Vankanya’s appeal was on a woman’s subject, it created a huge public response. All newspapers covered the appeal and printed the appeal and comments of people. Public response was good. It brought Vankanya as a popular who raises public issues but her family members were against her. Her life was in danger. Miscreants knocked her door at night. Sajjan met her but Vankanya cold shouldered him.
In the night, thieves appared in Taiji’s house. They Taiji with a rope on the cot. They dug at different places and took away the jewellery. They put colour on her face and left.
Sajjan felt sad and went to stay in his paternal kothi. He found that though expenses are being paid by him, the temple and garden is not looked after properly. He scolded the responsible persons. Next day, things improved. He went to his residence at entered the residence of Taiji. He found her tied to her bed. He immediately helped her free and rubbed her cheeks so that blood circulation in her jaws increase. She opened her mouth and asked that he should provide milk for the three kitten. Sajjan asked whether a police report should be filed or not. Taiji refused. She knew that she has hidden jewelry at many places in the house, some places are still safe. Vankanya came to meet Sajjan. She wanted to shift. Sajjan was happy that Vankanya has come to seek his help. He suggested that she can shift to first floor separate room. Sajjan went to his paternal house. Here Lala Saligram and Jankisaran arrived to meet him. They are political figures of his area. The two praised Sajjan and suggested that a painting exhibition should be organized for him. Sajjan said that exhibition should show paintings of all Painters of the city. They agreed and asked for permission to print his name alongwith name of Mahipal and Colonel on the pamphlet. Lyricist Virahesh came to his residence and read out his poems for half an hour. Virahesh had come here so that he could meet Mohini, elder sister-in-law of Nando. He sang his poems on the roof. Soon Mohini came on her roof. Sajjan and Mahipal wishes to lock the house and leave. They inform Virahesh to come down from the roof. While returning down on the stairs, Virahesh jumps two stairs and falls on Mahipal and Sajjan. Mahipal holds to the wall and saves all. Mahipal Shukla’s maternal grandfather was a rich landowner. His father a head master in a school. His mother remained most of the time at her father’s house. Mahipal remembers that his father could scribe poems and his articles and poems were published in renouned magazines. He started maintain a diary and also started reading and writing. After his maternal grandfather’s death, things changed. He left their residence with his younger brother and shifted to Lucknow. Soon, he started writing and took a room on rent. His younger brother was admitted to school. He was good at studies. Jaipal wrote for newspapers. He talent was recognized and appreciated. One of his friends started a newspaper. He was appointed as Editor but salary was less. Still, Jaipal survived. His brother had completed a degree in medicine. He sent his brother to England for further studies. In the meantime, newspaper owners were strict on policy and payments. Jaipal resigned from the newspaper. He started freelance writing which provided regular income but less. He received royalty on his published books from the publisher. His younger brother returned back and took a separate residence. His younger brother did not help him financially. Jaipal started freelance writing. All four friends met at Colonel's medical store cum residence. They found that Vankanya has shifted to first floor of Colonel's shop cum office. Sajjan decides to show handicraft items of local women in the art exhibition along with his paintings and to give a prize of Rs 100/- in the name of his mother. Colonel met a lawyer to merits of the case of self- immolation of Vankanya's sister-in-law.
Mahipal Shukla, Sajjan Verma, Colonel @ Nageen chand Jain are friends. Mahipal is an author. He is married and has 9 members in his family. He has an illicit relation with Dr Swing. Sajjan Verma is a painter, He is rich. He is unmarried. He owns a large old mansion in Lucknow. He falls in love with Vankanya. He proposes marriage with her. She does not respond immediately and impulsively. Sajjan leaves for Vrindaban tour. Vankanya follows him to Vrindaban and endeavours to locate Sajjan. Vankanya is tired of failure. Ulimately, she locates him. She accepts his proposal for marriage. They complete Goverdhan Parikrama, rest for the night, then, return to Lucknow by train. Colonel has been informed by Sajjan about their arrival. So Colonel’s car and driver meet her at the station and take her to Colonel’s house, where she has been provided with a room to stay. They are married. Details have not been portrayed in the novel. Next incident is that Baba Ram meets Sajjan and Vankanya at their residence. He explains his philosophy of life that he will serve people selflessly. He runs a lunatic asylum at the banks of Gomti river. He suggests to Sajjan that if he is so impressed by his philosophy, he should gift all his property to Baba Ram. Sajjan takes one- day time to think and accepts proposal of Baba Ram. Baba Ram says that now onwards, Sajjan should work as a trustee of Baba Ram on the property and take salary for himself to maintain his family. Sajjan soon forms a Trust of Rs. 3.00 lakh.
Profile Image for Rajesh Rahgir.
Author 1 book1 follower
August 31, 2019
Always love the cultural and political anecdotes, small couplets and words of wisdom.

In the book, when radio is playing a story about Nar and Nari, the words woven around primal emotions of human being is gripping and stalls the reader in their heels (or rather should I say in their eyes) and forces us to ponder.
Brilliant always, this was my 2nd read almost after 15 years that I first read it on a 48 hour train journey.
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