This is a fictionalized autobiography of Will Durant's early years (up until his 30's). I thoroughly enjoyed this book and recommend it for anyone interested in the life of one of our most recent well rounded scholars, as well as anyone looking for a reason for optimism in this world (anything by Durant will do for that!). I have and recommend the 1927 edition, mine is held together with some tape but it is a beautiful copy.
The "Transition" he is speaking of is his own, from a catholic faith in God to a faith in humanity, and when that faltered, his love for his wife and learning. Eventually when his daughter is born at the end of the book he has a full return to joy. He tells the story of this transition as his own, but he believes it reflects what many in his generation were experiencing and really, the whole of western culture.
Will Durant was picked at a young age by a catholic priest to enter the priesthood. It was a path he followed up into seminary. It was about his 25th year of life when he abandoned that track for his life. He was eager to test his beliefs in many environments and read outside the approved reading list. It was not an easy, or quick transition for him. His family and many others had given him much to help him be a man of faith, when his searching led him outside those realms there were at least a few people who were very upset.
After being given the opportunity to teach in various catholic schools he found his way into a "free school", which allowed students to learn at their own pace in a non-coercive way. Most of the people there were anarchists, essentially transferring that non-coercive way of schooling into an idea of how government should be run. There is some good recollection of conversations he has with some of those anarchists and socialists as he begun getting opportunities to lecture here and there.
At the free school he met his wife Ariel (a student, age 14!). He decided to resign from the school also with the goal of setting himself to more study. I can't remember if it was this book or his "Dual autobiography" (written with his wife) where he says he didn't think he would be useful to society for at least 5-6 years. He went to Columbia University to study Philosophy.
Durant is very optimistic about humanity. He is a sincere believer in progress. Some might tell him to read more, or to experience more, but you would then discover he is one of the most well read people of, perhaps, all time. He went on a reading rampage after leaving seminary where he said he read an astronomical amount of books, much more than my own 80-something.
This book is, like everything I have read of Durant's, a simple and accessible read for those interested in the topics.