John MacArthur is a pastor and Bible teacher that I greatly admire. I have personally benefited so much from his ministry. It is thus with a heavy heart that I offer this review of The Battle for the Beginning.
The Battle for the Beginning is in many ways a typical John MacArthur book. It is filled with clarity, conviction and certainty. The arguments are passionately presented. As with other books by MacArthur, if you stand in substantial agreement with him you will likely find this book excellent, precisely because of its clarity, conviction and certainty. On the other hand, if you find yourself disagreeing with him substantially - even if you are not his true opposition - you will find this book frustrating. The latter category describes my evaluation of this book.
My frustration with this book stems largely from its lack of charity and caution. Charity demands that we represent our opponents fairly and that we do not mistake our own interpretation for the infallibility of the text of Scripture. Caution, in turn, demands that we do not elevate disputed matters to the level of essential matters. For these reasons this book is divisive. Now, it can be argued that truth divides. This is a point with a proven track record. But it is not only truth that divides. Division is also caused when we do not take care to represent our opponents properly. Division is furthermore caused by the elevation of disputed matters to essential importance. Despite the scare tactics associated with Young-Earth Creationism the reality remains that the length of the creation days in Genesis 1 is a disputed matter and not a test for orthodoxy.
MacArthur’s case for 24-hour creation days rests on the following arguments:
• The pattern established on Day 1 of day/night and evening/morning demands a 24-hour day.
• There exists a functional equivalence between the Hebrew words for created and made – this in turn establishes that the creative acts were mostly instantaneous and therefore it offers support to the short timeframe of 24-hour days.
• The creation days are modified by ordinal numbers which always describe normal solar days in the Bible.
• The plants created on Day 3 could not have survived until the insects were created on Day 6 if the days represent long periods.
• Even though the customary evening/morning phrase is absent from the seventh day, its use in the Ten Commandments demands a 24-hour day.
• A denial of 24-hour creation days undermines God’s creative genius and miraculous power and it dishonours the blessings associated with the Sabbath rest.
Since the book generally does not interact with proposals that counter these arguments, it is imprudent to conclude that these arguments are decisive, unless you have a serious confirmation bias or have settled to do theology in an echo chamber.
Despite its frustrating nature there is much to commend in this book. There are some truly brilliant sections worth mentioning. MacArthur does an excellent job of dismantling naturalism and the dogma of chance associated with it in the early chapters. Even though he does not set out to write a polemical book (a purpose he achieves with inconsistency), the early chapters are especially of apologetic value – evolution and the philosophy that undergirds it should have no place in theology. This value is seen in how he refutes the Framework Hypothesis narrowly considered, Progressive Creationism as proposed by Hugh Ross which rests far too much on a scientific concordist reading of the creation account and the Gap Theory. MacArthur’s description of the intricacies in the creation of light serves to lift our eyes to behold the glory of God. Similar conclusions can be made from his descriptions of the complexities of the ways animals and insects have been made to function. Surely, these things extol the creative work of God not just as the Intelligent Designer, but also as the Great Artist. MacArthur’s insistence that “God did it” is more than sufficient for this is exactly what Genesis 1 demonstrates. In the closing chapters MacArthur beautifully displays a theology of Sabbath and the image of God and accurately uncovers the literal Fall associated with a literal Adam and Eve and shows how this has adversely affected all of creation. He closes the book with a heartfelt gospel appeal grounded in the hope offered amidst the curses pronounced in Genesis 3.
These highlights unfortunately cannot excuse some of the poorer aspects of the book. For starters, not all non-Young Earthers embrace evolution. The neglect to draw this distinction leads to a persistent judgement by association. MacArthur’s claim that scholars and theologians reject the Young Earth interpretation to protect their academic credibility is unwarranted. In one fell swoop he has attacked the integrity of a whole host of evangelicals such as Norman Geisler, Jack Collins, Wayne Grudem, Vern Poythress, James Montgomery Boice, Gleason Archer and an increasing number of evangelical commentators. Additionally, MacArthur is very selective in his use of scientific evidence and occasionally confuses various scientific disciplines, conflating cosmological theories with biological theories. The lack of exploration of how Genesis 1:1 fits with the rest of the passage was disappointing – it just won’t do to assume your own view when so many options are on the table. Also, the Bible’s creation account as a polemic (though this is not its only purpose) against other ancient worldviews was only mentioned in passing. That the God of Israel is sovereign over all things in creation must surely play a more prominent role. MacArthur regularly overstates his case, chiefly in assuming that abandoning 24-hour days is abandoning the literal interpretation. The literal interpretation cannot be reduced to what a normal reading will establish. No, the literal interpretation is to be pursued in interpreting a text in accordance with its literature. For Genesis 1, this includes incorporating all the delightful literary devices and poetic features as part of the process of discovering the authorial intent. A Young-Earth interpretation that seeks to do justice to these features (by not downplaying them) is still a viable option, but it does not have sole rights to be called biblical.