The issue of God’s sovereignty is often both the most accepted and most contentious of theological concepts. It is the most accepted in part because the majority of believers would likely affirm that God is in control. However, when pressed to answer the difficult questions of the faith such as the existence of evil or free will, affirming God as sovereign often becomes a bit harder to apply. Now mind you, understanding the fullness of God and His sovereign control over all of His creation will always, at least this side of heaven if you will, be somewhat outside finite man’s ability to comprehend. With that said, if God is not sovereign, and I mean completely sovereign, the question remains is He God?
Dr. R. C. Sproul, in his excellent booklet Does God Control Everything?, provides a concise yet theologically replete discussion of God’s sovereignty and how that plays out in regards to the aforementioned issues of free will and the so-called problem of evil while also addressing the basic Scriptural definitions of what providence and the idea of concurrence is in an effort to frame the discussion on what God reveals about Himself in His word.
At the outset of this booklet, Sproul laments somewhat the lack of attention to God’s providence in our day and age compared to the rather consistent understanding of the providence of God in past centuries. The influence of evolution and atheism with their closed mechanistic approach to the universe, has no room for a sovereign God thus rejecting the need for any outside causality or Divine providence in the universe. Furthermore, Christianity and religion as a whole has been blamed for evils such as the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Despite the attempts to place God on the backburner, Sproul notes “there is still a tolerance for religion.”
Sproul properly defines the providence of God as “His seeing something beforehand with respect to time.” Thus , “He sees everything that takes place in the universe. It is in full view before His eyes.” This has great ramifications for how we understand God’s sovereignty and providence. The reality of it is, as Sproul does a wonderful job of elaborating, God is fully in control of everything that takes place in the universe. In contradistinction to the evolutionary view of things where God is rejected in favor of random chance, God’s providence is intimately “bound up with His role as the Creator of the universe.” The blind watchmaker approach taken by some incorrectly understands what the term create means in Genesis. As Sproul aptly notes, the Hebrew word bara, meaning to make, “carries with it the idea of sustaining.” This means God both creates and sustains all there is presenting the reality that everything is dependent on God’s providential hand. So any degree of chance being part of the equation of the universe must be jettisoned.
If God is in control of everything and as Creator of all, does that mean God created wickedness or evil? Such a question is often posed by atheist in an attempt to discredit a perfect and holy God as either non-existent or a malevolent entity who garners great joy in afflicting His creation at His every whim. Such an approach is thoroughly rejected by Sproul and rightly so. As noted by Sproul, “critics of Christianity have responded that if there cannot be more in the effect than is inherent in the cause, God must be evil, because if we have an effect here that is evil, and if there cannot be more in the effect than is inherent in the cause, evil must exist in the cause.” Now most readers would stop there and scratch their heads thinking to themselves that is just a bunch of philosophical statements that really are beyond my capability to understand. The ability of Sproul as a teacher and writer shines through in his response to this very incorrect approach by the atheist to causality. Sproul avers “The simple answer is that there is something in the creature that does not reside in the Creator – sin. That does not mean that the creature has something greater than the Creator, the creature has something far less than the Creator.” This excellent discussion and approach really frames our need for a Creator and more importantly, our need for a Redeemer.
Sproul also does a wonderful job of defining what evil is using the Westminter Shorter Catechism as a resource. When one properly understands what evil is, that of “conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God” they will hopefully begin to realize that sin and evil is exactly that which Scripture says it is, falling short of God’s perfect standard. The question often remains is God capable of doing evil? In response, Sproul adroitly comments “God is absolutely incapable of performing evil.” The issue resides in our understanding of what ordaining means. This is another area where Sproul’s teaching ability is on display. Walking through a number of Scriptural examples, Sproul demonstrates how God uses all things, both evil and good, to fulfill His perfect will. By also outlining the doctrine of concurrence, that of “the actions of two parties taking place at the same time”, he shows how human actions take place within the complete providence and control of God, not in the idea of God treating His creation as robots to bring about what He desires, but rather the reality that even with the element of human freedom to act, there is nothing that takes place that is not within the purview or desire of God or beyond His ability to use according to His perfect plan.
Certainly this subject is one of the more difficult theological topics to understand as after all, we are trying to wrap our finite minds around an eternal, infinitely power God. However, is that not what this is all about, the fact that we worship an eternal God who, as Creator, upholds all things by the power of His hand? If one really things about it hard enough, that has to be one of the most comforting concepts, that of knowing God is in control.
In this short, yet theologically rich booklet, Dr. R. C. Sproul provides the reader on of the better interactions out there on the subject of God’s sovereignty and providence. There are obviously much longer tomes on the market that might engage the subject at greater length, but Sproul’s effort is right on the mark, providing one with a brief, accessible and relevant approach that will do nothing but further their understanding and appreciation for the doctrine of God’s providence.
I received this book for free for this review. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255 : “Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.”