قوننة البخاري ومسلم: تكوين قانون الحديث السني ووظائفه

Brill's Islamic History and Civilization

by Jonathan A.C. Brown, جوناثان براون, عمرو علي بسيوني (Translator)

قوننة البخاري ومسلم
تكوين قانون الحديث السني ووظائفه

لجوناثان براون

المترجم:
الكتاب في أصله رسالة دكتوراه جوناثان براون في الحديث، وهو دائرة معارف مصغرة حول الشيخين والصحيحين، وطبيعة الكتابين، وتطور التعامل معهما وتاريخهما منذ النشأة حتى العصر الحاضر، يتضمن الكثير من الأفكار والملاحظات التاريخية والموضوعية والتحليلية، مع تطواف واسع في الحديث والفقه والكلام والتاريخ والجغرافيا ونظريات النقد الأدبي والتاريخي والنصي. إنه بحقّ كتاب نفيس فيه علم كثير.
وقد قدمت للكتاب مقدمة أرجو أن تكون نافعة.

Genres: Islam, Religion, History, Nonfiction

568 pages, Unknown Binding

First published September 1, 2007

About the author

Jonathan Andrew Cleveland Brown is an American scholar of Islamic studies. Since 2012, he has been associate professor at Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. He holds the Alwaleed bin Talal Chair of Islamic Civilization at Georgetown University.

He has authored several books including Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenges and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet’s Legacy, Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World, Muhammad: A Very Short Introduction, and The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim. He has also published articles in the fields of Hadith, Islamic law, Salafism, Sufism, and Arabic language.

Reviews

[mohamed aljaberi · Rating 4 out of 5]

▪️جوناثان رايق في اختيار مواضيع كتبه، والعجيب أنها مواضيع عامة وفضفاضة، متسعة الرقعة الزمانية والمكانية، ويحتاج فيها الرجوع إلى مصادر ومراجع كثيرة ومتنوعة، كذلك هو يستعمل في معالجتها مناهج متنوعة.. حتى تتوقع أن كتابه هذا هو في عمق تخصصه ولن يستطيع تأليف كتاب آخر في حقل مختلف بنفس هذه الخصائص، ثم يفاجئك بأنه فعلها!

▪️أما موضوع الكتاب، فلا بد أنك -في زمن السوء هذا الذي نحن فيه- صادفت السؤال الاستنكاري: "واشمعنا البخاري ومسلم!؟ مافي غيرهم يعني؟!"

فإن أحسن المجاوب الجواب فسيكون مضمونه يدندن حول جواب ابن تيمية الذي قال فيه:
".. ولا يعلمون أن قولنا رواه البخاري ومسلم علامة لنا على ثبوت صحته، لا أنه كان صحيحا بمجرد رواية البخاري ومسلم، بل أحاديث البخاري ومسلم رواها غيرهما من العلماء والمحدثين من لا يحصي عدده إلا الله، ولم ينفرد واحد منهما بحديث، بل ما من حديث إلا وقد رواه قبل زمانه وفي زمانه وبعد زمانه طوائف.
ولو لم يخلق البخاري ومسلم لم ينقص من الدين شيء، وكانت تلك الأحاديث موجودة بأسانيد يحصل بها المقصود وفوق المقصود "

▪️ولكن إذا أعيد ذات السؤال بصوت أهدأ وبنبرة مستفهمة: "واشمعنا البخاري ومسلم؟ مافي غيرهم يعني؟" فجواب ابن تيمية لن يفيد هنا، يأتي جوناثان (بأدواته المتنوعة) ليصحب صاحب السؤال في رحلة طويلة اختلط فيها علم الحديث بالاجتماع بالتاريخ بالسياسة بالفقه ..، يصعد بالسائل في جبال خراسان ويجول بين مدنها وقراها، سمرقند، نيسابور، بخارى، نساء، بلخ.. لتصل إلى بغداد فالشام فالحجاز إلى ابن حزم في الأندلس، هذا على صعيد الجغرافيا وكذاك التاريخ فالكاتب يستدعي ويحيل ويقتبس من أرسطو وصولا إلى كتب المعاصرين المختصين بالحديث.

▪️نسيت أن أنبهك أن تلتفت إلى الشخص الذي وراء جوناثان (أعني صديقنا أبا حسن، عمرو بسيوني -مترجم الكتاب-) فهو يصاحبك الرحلة كذلك، انتبه له جيدا فهو يشير بين الحين والآخر إشارات، تفهم منها أن: خذ ودع/"خذ وخل"، فإن ما قاله جوناثان ليس بالضرورة دقيق.. ولا عليك، المهم أن تقف على الصورة العامة وتفهم الخطوط العريضة في الجواب على سؤالك الاستفهامي، أما التفاصيل فلا بأس أن تزل قدم جوناثان بين فترة وأخرى.. هذه ضريبة العجمة، والمواضيع العامة الفضفاضة !

دمتم بخير

[Waseem Naser · Rating 3 out of 5]

Highly illuminating study on the emergence of the Sahihayn as a canon. But I'd recommend reading Scott Lucas's "Constructive Critics" before this for a more nuanced understanding of the Hadith tradition

[Abu Kamdar · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is one of the best works I have read on the history of the two Sahih compilations. A must-read for students of hadith and history.

[Abdullah · Rating 5 out of 5]

How did Al-Bukhari and Muslim's two works come to be known as the Sahihayn? Why the Sahihayn and not other books? What are the forces led to the canonization of the Sahihayn? Why did the canon begin to take shape at the start of the fifth (hijri) century? Was the canon a reaction to Shiism or the Product of the Seljuq state? Was the Sahihayn canon limited to a specific region?
.
This book provides in-depth responses to all of these queries as well as others pertaining to the development of the Sunni hadith tradition.
A really useful book that is essential for Islamic knowledge seekers.

[Imran Helal · Rating 5 out of 5]

Another excellent work from Dr. Brown! The book should be in the reading list of intermediate-level students of Hadith Studies.

[Samani · Rating 4 out of 5]

كتاب شيق عن كيف تم قبول الصحيحين كاصح كاتب بعد القران عند المسلمين . الكتاب على العموم هو عن تاريخ الحديث من البخاري و مسلم . اعتقد انه يجب ان يترجم الي اللغة العربية

[Dawood · Rating 5 out of 5]

An fascinating account of the internal dynamic of the early Muslim community, and the varying status that the work of Bukhari and Muslim had in their own lifetimes and afterwards.

What exactly makes something "canon"? This book discusses this issue in relation to the Sahih of Bukhari and Muslim, and shows the growth of status their work went through before finally being accepted as authoritative.

[ARHAM MOIN · Rating 4 out of 5]

Every community goes through a phase of time, wherein they develop their thoughts, address differences, and then build institutions that physically represent themselves intellectually, politically and culturally.

In the field of practical culture and intellectuals, the Muslim world produced first the Quran as revealed by Allah and then years later as the Sahihayn of Bukhari and Muslim.

The journey towards the canonization of these two works is what is explored in this book in great depth. The various forces that make some books famous and not others is discussed, noting scholarsly, political, geographical and intellectual factors. He connects the Sahihayn with these factors, giving a balanced perspective on them.

The study of the two works and how it was seen in different periods, first as a possibly evil invention, to a culmination of a rigorous legacy of collection of hadith accepted almost universally. This transition is discussed historically. The way the scholars viewed this book throughout the ages is also explored gracefully. How these two works fitted into the larger scheme of Sunni unification and shared identity that lasts till today is explored as well.

All in all, this book was a great read for someone versed in hadith compilation, and textual transmission. It is extremely academic in its discussion and may not be a starter's first choice

[Nomen est Omen · Rating 5 out of 5]

It's not something that I would read and remember much from. However, it is something, for sure, that I would read again whenever I decide to delve into Islamic theology and history. For I always wondered whence came this canonization or almost, if one dares to say, prophetization of Muslim and Bukhari in Islamic discourse.

Reading enough historical analysis, especially deconstructive ones, one would later reach the conclusion that nothing of what we consider to be as common sense is that common in the grand scheme of human history. And it as such goes also with what is deemed to be cannon and essential in a belief (or discourse) of any nature for any belief by such-or-such community.

Therewithal, I truly recommend this book to view the process of canonization which spanned over a couple of centuries. Nonetheless, it ought to be bared in mind that the author does not critic Hadith or anything. He is a respectable academic and theologian who stats not his opinion much regarding the matter ---- at least in the book itself. He only documents his observation of the historical process as objectively as humanly possible for him.

[Muhammad Fadel · Rating 5 out of 5]

Whenever someone recite hadith which written in Bukhari/Muslim book, you know that it is authentic. But why must Bukhari/Muslim? Why not others? And when did Bukhari/Muslim collection started to become the Hadith canon in Muslim (esp Sunni) world?

Those were some of the questions that Dr Brown aimed to answer in this book. Bukhari/Muslim live around 3rd hijri century. Prior to their works, there were already hundreds of Hadith collection books, from Imam Malik Al Muwatta, Musnad Imam Ahmad Sunan Abu Dawood, and many more. Why then Bukhari/Muslim? It was them who apply rigorous authentic/sahih standards for evaluating hadith. It is not that prior scholars was not rigorous, but Bukhari/Muslim standard was very rigid that it was hard for weak hadith to enter into their hadith collection. Their work was fundamental to strengthen the Ahlul Hadith position in argument to hadith-weary Mu'tazilites.

What is also interesting was that both works was not that popular until a century later. Bukhari / Muslim works/methods was getting a serious challenge from other scholars during their time. Some accuse Bukhari / Muslim to reduce number of Prophetic Sunna. They also get challenged from the transmission/regional school. It was their students, Al Hakim Naysaburi who diligently preaching their teacher works. Al Hakim efforts was continued by great Iraqi scholar Al-Khatib Baghdadi who goes further by continuosly rebuke those who tried to critized works of the scholars. The defence continue to later scholar from Imam An-Nawawi, to Ibn Jauzi, to Ibn Salah and continue until today.

[Faheem · Rating 4 out of 5]

Excellent and important.