Jo Joe is an intense, well written and highly effective novel about prejudice, the racial prejudice of a small rural and very white community, and the prejudices of the central character, Judith Ormund, a woman of mixed African, French, Jewish and American Moravian Protestant descent, written in the first person singular from Judith's point of view.
The spirit eroding effect of prejudice, fear and hatred is vividly portrayed in the rage and loathing of the central character, Judith Ormund, known in her childhood as Jo. So completely does her recollection of extreme abuse by a few teenagers obsess her that her view of her surroundings and many of the people she encounters on her return to the home of her teen years is poisoned, leading her to behave hatefully and rouse hate in others. Jo Joe is an effective lesson in why wrath is one of the seven deadly sins.
We are none of us safe from prejudiced hatred. I myself have experienced it.
But, for other reasons, I could not read this book with the distance most readers will bring to it. While the name of the rural village is fictionalized, the place names of surrounding areas are not, and the locale is where I happen to live.
While racial prejudice may exist anywhere, the depiction of this rural Pennsylvania region, through the eyes of Judith Ormund, is quite the reverse of what I've seen in my thirty and more years here in Wayne County. It's true there are very, very few people of color. When a Black Muslim family moved in, their children wearing their distinctive head wear to school,it conflicted with a recent rule that the students could not wear hats in class. (A rule intended to curb the fashion among some boys for wearing baseball caps at all times.) Rose, the children's mother, met with the principal and explained the religious nature of their head wear. Not only were her children permitted to wear their caps and scarves, Rose was asked to speak in each classroom on the beliefs of Islam.
A very dark skinned Indian family moved here from South America, buying a farm and expressing their desire to have animals for their children. Sheep, ducks and chickens, and a pure bred basset hound were brought them as gifts. As with Rose's family, the community did their best to make them feel welcome. When the Indian husband was found dead in his car, then the wife was discovered stabbed to death, the FBI called Rose, assuming this was a local hate crime and wanting her information on racism here. Rose emphatically told the FBI agents that she had more genuine help from her neighbors and the Wayne County community than she did from her own family. It was later discovered the Indian couple was involved in drug trafficking; they had brought their fate with them from South America.
I've wondered why this area is so welcoming to outsiders, myself included, as well as those who are visibly or culturally different. Churches, schools and the volunteer fire department are the principal social centers, and the churches always have been deeply and passionately involved with missionary work. Helping people who are different is actually part of the local culture -- whether those in need are in Africa, South America or Asia. A church here had for pastor a black political activist who was endangered in his own country. His English was not understandable but his congregation was proud to have him.
When I came here, I deplored sight of the occasional wreck of a mobile-home surrounded by decaying cars, discarded furniture, cheap plastic toys, and a few chickens pecking in the road way. I've learned that the inhabitants of these seeming dead-ends of humanity are often your most helpful and kind neighbors. Perhaps their particular readiness to help -- to fix a fence, or take care of your sheep while you're away -- is their way of countering the prejudice they fear from outsiders who judge them by their way of life.
I've learned not to draw conclusions from how a person looks or what their home looks like. (The local term is "living like a water buffalo" and it's no reason to think ill of someone, how they live is their right. Just as choosing not to join the race for upward mobility is their right.) It's Wayne County, the Wayne County that Grotta darkly fictionalizes, that's taught me to look only to how a person acts, not how they look or how tidily they live, before I form an opinion.
While Grotta shows the reader the kindness and neighborliness of the villagers of Black Bear, she shows it through the suspicious and embittered eyes of Judith. What remains with the reader? There are three ways, principally, that a writer influences a reader's view: what the narrator says, what a character says and does, and what other characters say and do. Grotta, by having the narrator and the main character united in one, sacrifices most of her opportunity for objectivity -- while strengthening the impact of the book and of her principal character's prejudices, but reinforcing the prejudices many of her readers may bring with them regarding rural Americans.
My concern is that the over all effect of Jo Joe, though not intended by the author, may be to confirm prejudices. And in this case, prejudices against the very people who - in my own life experience with them -- least deserve it. Jo Joe has been very painful for me to read. Although quite capably written, I can bring myself to give it only four stars on the grounds that the negative impression of the theme so far outweighs the positive.