Издирени и записани чудновати истории

by Gan Bao, Евгений Карауланов (преводач), София Катърова (преводач)

Отдавна имах желание да подбера и запиша чудноватите, странните и неповторимите събития и неща, които са се случвали в древността и които още стават днес. Искаше ми се да събера на едно място разпилените по многобройните книги истории и забравените случки в изгубените свитъци, та да са наедно, сякаш свързани в един наниз. Разпитвах навсякъде, където съм ходил, и всеки, който съм срещал, ако знае що-годе нещо. Събирах ги като откъснати листове с недовършени редове.

Ган Бао

Genres: China, Classics, Fiction, Mythology, Literature, Folklore, Ancient

296 pages

First published January 1, 1989

About the author

Gan Bao (or Kan Pao) (Chinese: 干寶) (fl. 315, died 336) was a Chinese historian and writer at the court of Emperor Yuan of Jin. He was a native of southern Henan. After diligent study of the classics during his childhood and youth, Gan Bao was appointed head of Office of History at the court. Apparently the position was granted to him in recognition of his skills which he demonstrated in his Chin-chi, presumably a written account of earlier court activities.

Gan Bao subsequently occupied other prominent positions at the court, but today he is best remembered for the book In Search of the Supernatural: The Written Record (Sou-shen Chi), which he probably compiled. An extremely important early example of the Zhiguai genre, the book comprises several hundred short stories and witness reports about spirits and supernatural events. A contemporary biography mentions that Gan Bao became interested in these matters after a member of his family survived more than 10 years sealed inside a tomb with the help of a ghost which brought her food.

Reviews

[Barack Liu · Rating 5 out of 5]

233-In Search of the Supernatural-Gan Bao-Mythology-351
Barack
2019/08/20
2020/06/25


- Inherit strange, power, chaos, God.

"Sou Shen Ji", about to become a book in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The original "Sou Shen Ji" has been scattered, and it has been added to the series by the descendants of this series. It has 20 volumes and a total of 454 stories. The protagonist has ghosts, monsters and immortals, mixed with Buddhism and Taoism. Most of the records are gods and weird things, and some of them belong to folklore. It is hailed as "the originator of Chinese strange and strange novels."

Gan Bao was born in Xincai (now Xincai County, Henan Province) in about 282 and died in 351. Served as historian, Sanqi Chang attendant and other positions. He is a writer and historian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Representative works: "Sou Shen Ji" and so on.

Part of the catalog
1. Volume One
1.1. Shennong Whip Herbs
1.2. Rain Master Red Pine Nuts
1.3. Chi Jiangzi (yú)
2. Volume Two
2.1. Shouguang Hougui
2.2. Fan Ying put out the fire
2.3. Xu Deng and Zhao Ying (bǐng)
3. Volume Three
3.1. Zhong Liyi repaired the Confucian Temple
3.2. Duan Yi (yì) Letter of Brief Seal
3.3. Zang Zhongying encounters strange

The strange stories recorded in "Sou Shen Ji" can be roughly divided into the following categories:
1. The strange things about the magical magicians and their supernatural powers before the Jin Dynasty;
2. The bizarre deeds of sorcerers and warlocks in subduing ghosts and demons and communicating between people and ghosts in the Han and Jin Dynasties
3. In the Han and Jin Dynasties, the scholars of Tongyi and Shan Bu Jing ( sh ì) were able to predict good and bad luck and dispel the charm of the house;
4. Spiritual stories related to the gods of the stars and mountains;
5. Folk Yin Temple since the Han Dynasty;
6. All kinds of evildoers and weird things from the Xia Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period are intermixed with the explanation of the latitude ( ch èn);
7. Various anecdotes related to Fu Rui's catastrophe;
8. Matters related to the rise and fall of successive dynasties;
9. Stories related to Ruiying's disaster;
10. Related to dream analysis and divination;
11. A benevolent and righteous person, a filial son and a virtuous wife with outstanding talents and sincerity;
12. All kinds of strange stories that happen due to the change of vitality;
13. A strange and spiritual product;
14. Push original myths, induced myths, etc.;
15. A legend who can cross the boundaries of life and death and can come back to life;
16. Stories that arise from ghosts;
17. Some interesting stories between people and various spirits;
18. It expresses the mentality of human beings to "drive monsters" quickly;
19. Reduce monsters and eliminate monsters;
20. Karma story;

Pu Songling’s "Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio" is obviously influenced by "Sou Shen Ji", but the former contains more stories with more complete plots, while the latter's stories are often too short and concise, lack sufficient details and foreshadowing, and have more storytelling. low.

I often think that if you use the geographical specialties in the "Shan Hai Jing" as the framework, the fairy and monsters in the "Sou Shen Ji" as the clues, supplemented by the magnificent story structure, and the delicate writing style, you should be able to write with a strong An emperor masterpiece with oriental colors. Writers don’t need to dig out their minds and make things out of nothing. As long as they extract one or two essences from the vast ocean of ancient books, there is no shortage of sources of inspiration.

Whether there are immortals in the world, this question is difficult to answer, because we are currently unable to accurately define these existences. Some are regarded as ancient phenomena related spirits, has been part of scientific explanation; but there are still a lot we do not have to know the truth, partly because left written records too abstract and distortion, on the one hand but also because of our nature Too little understanding.

I think that no matter how technology develops, humans cannot exhaust the truth of nature. So as long as there are blind spots in human cognition, our imagination, worship, fear, and aversion to these supernatural images will not be eliminated.

I think the Confucian attitude towards such things is desirable. "Respect ghosts and gods and stay away" and "sacrifice as if they are, and sacrifice as gods. I am not with sacrifices, as if not." We don't easily deny or follow blindly to things we don't understand; we have a fear of the unknown, Neither profanity nor flattery. If you have to participate in such activities, then you should be the same, from the inside to the outside, sincerely initiate from the heart, and show it on the outside.

" Shennong uses ochre whip and all kinds of grasses, knows its toxic, cold and warm nature, and the stench of the smell. To sow hundreds of grains, so the world is called "Shennong". "

There is a call tree Wildfox authors to Shennong died chaos as a primer, tells a concerning tale of Immortals. These myths and legends have distinct characteristics of Chinese culture. Its charm is actually no less than that of Western knights and magic. If more readers are interested in Eastern myths and legends, more authors are willing to use this as a world view to create. I believe that certainly there will be a lot of excellent works to emerge. It is a pity that we have Baoshan but failed to explore well.

"The red pine son, the rain teacher of Shennong. Take ice and jade powder to teach Shennong. Can enter the fire but not burn. To Kunlun Mountain, often enter the stone room of the Queen Mother of the West. Follow the wind and rain. The girl of the Yan Emperor chased it, and got the immortal. Go. At the height of Gaoxin, I became a rain teacher and a tourist. Today’s rain teacher was Yan. "

From a few words, one can also vaguely see the social relationship between the gods . Although he is a god, he is equally human. There is love and there is ambiguity. Whether God created man is still inconclusive. But it is clear that man created God with himself as a model.

" Ning Fengzi, he was also from the time of the Yellow Emperor. The legend is Tao Zheng, the Yellow Emperor. If there are foreigners who pass by, they will be fired. Five-color smoke can be produced. For a long time, the seal will be taught. The seal will burn by itself and follow the smoke. Up and down. Regarding its ashes, it still has its bones. The people of the time were buried in the mountains of Ningbei. So it is called the Ning Fengzi. "

In order to seek truth, he set fire to himself. To this day , some people probably believe that death is not the end, but the beginning. Think of death as a way to cast aside the flesh and get rid of the shackles ? The point is that we can't prove his success.

" Peng Zu, the doctor of Yin Shi. The last name is Qian, the first is Keng. The grandson of Emperor Zhuanxu, the eldest son of Lu Zhong. From the summer to the end of the Shang Dynasty, he is 700 years old. He often eats Guizhi. There is a fairy room of Peng Zu in Liyang. Previous life said: Please pray for the wind and rain, and don't hesitate to respond. There are often two tigers around the temple. Today, there are two tiger traces on the ground. "

The story of Peng Zu's longevity has a long history. Is there really a human being who can live for 700 years? What is the limit of human life span? Assuming that without relying on biotechnology to replace the deteriorating parts of the human body, can people really survive for centuries under natural conditions?

" Cui Wenzi is also from Taishan. Xuexian Yu Prince Qiao. Zi Qiao turned into Bai Ni, while holding medicine and Wenzi. Wen Zi was surprised, citing Ge to strike Ni, Zhong, because of falling into his medicine. Look down at him, The footsteps of Prince Qiao. Put it in the room and cover it with a basket. After a while, it turns into a big bird. Open and look at it, and fly away. "

Do the various changes in the myth really exist? They Are Just magic a kind of cover-up it? Still , it's just that these Taoisms have been lost , so later generations are surprised. Imagine , if all modern science and technology in the future are lost. When people in the future read today's records , will they also regard telephones, airplanes, and atomic bombs as myths and legends?

[Tonny Mustika · Rating 4 out of 5]

Koleksi kisah-kisah gaib ini mungkin membuat sebagian pembaca belum apa-apa telah terteror oleh tebal halamannya. Apalagi setelah membacanya dan menemukan banyak kisah yang mirip-mirip di dalamnya membuat kita mungkin berpikir bahwa buat apa menghabiskan waktu kita untuk membaca kisah-kisah mistis tak berguna demikian. Namun bila Anda sabar membacanya dan mengikutinya dengan tekun, ada beberapa hal yang tak terduga dapat ditemukan dalam buku ini. Misalnya pada hal 403 kita akan menemukan sebuah kisah yang sangat menyerupai dongeng rakyat Jawa "Joko Tarub." Contoh lainnya pada hal. 354, kita dapat menemukan sebuah kisah ganjil mengenai suku "kepala terlepas," yang digambarkan bahwa pada malam hari kepalanya terbang meninggalkan tubuhnya dan kembali lagi ke tubuhnya pada pagi hari. Tak ayal lagi penggambaran ini akan mengingatkan kita legenda mengenai Leak di Bali, Kuyang di Borneo, dan Nangnak di Thailand. Selain itu, Kisah suku Chu yang yang dapat mengubah dirinya harimau (Baca hal.356) mengingatkan kita pada mitologi manusia harimau di Jawa. Temuan-temuan ini menyebabkan kita berpkir bahwa sebenarnya tak tertutup kemungkinan bahwa adanya tali merah antara dongeng-dongeng dan legenda lokal di Asia Tenggara (termasuk Jawa, Bali, dan sekitarnya) dengan mitologi dari Cina.

[Choi Pik Yu Penelope · Rating 4 out of 5]

我認為這本書的確是一本非常特別及有趣的神怪小說。這本名著所記述的奇異神怪故事不僅非常精彩、奇特，而且每一篇故事也說明著深刻的道理，引起共鳴。其中我最欣賞的篇章是《董永與織女》，這個故事是關於一個名叫董永的人很孝順、善良，因此得到織女下凡相助，帶出我們做人應該孝敬父母和心底善良，以及好心得好報的道理。

[CivilWar · Rating 3 out of 5]

This is a hard work to rate: on the one hand - and this cannot be overstated - this is an absolutely essential work if you are doing any research on ancient Chinese folklore and mythology, containing a bunch of Han and pre-Han mythological material. You have everything from the origin heroic myths of ancient minority tribes such as the Pan'hu dog, ancient and potentially foreign metallurgical lore, fragments of creation myths, attestations of human sacrifice to snake gods predating the Chen Jinggu myth (Li Ji slays the Giant Serpent), countless ancient etiological stories, toponymical stories, it goes on. As much as I'm about to bitch about it, the countless stories that are really just omens remind me of the Babylonian omen tablets which tell us so much about that ancient religion; this likewise shows us very practically what divination could amount to, everything is an omen, with a set of procedures to determine whether it's a good or ill omen.

On the other hand... this is often really boring. There are so many stories which are merely "Such and such thing (often an animal born with a birth defect) happened. This was clearly an ill omen for the fall of X Imperial Dynasty, which happened years later". Sometimes they just devolve into brief laconic descriptions of the omen without telling us if it's a good or bad one, e.g. story 6,109 which simply reads "In the sixth year of King Lieh of Chou, Lord Pi-yang of Lin(?) had a serv­ing maid who gave birth to two dragons." All of the folktales proper in this collection are incredibly interesting - those of Gan Jiang and Mo Ye, Li Ji Slays the Giant Serpent, etc - often at least extremely charming. Some of the transformation myths go beyond random mythological metamorphoses and approach something akin to the stories present in Ovid's Metamorphoses, above all the Han P’eng story, which I had previously read in Anne Birrell's Chinese Mythology: An Introduction.

A lot of the shorter folk-tales proper do not lack charm, in fact so many of them have that distinct East Asian folktale feeling that makes me wish I could see it animated by Miyazaki. A good example among many is 20,456 (recency bias perhaps?) which tells of how a man saved an ant stranded on a bit of reed while he was out boating, so the ant-king helped him out when he was imprisoned during times of banditry.

Overall, this is an essential read for students of Chinese mythology and ancient folklore, but it is at the same time often dull, with its endless omens, its litany of filial piety stories which are the Confucian equivalent of Christian Saints' tales, with its non-narratives, etc. Nonetheless, it does not stop the many genuine folk-tales - and even myths - present here to shine through. The translation too is excellent - faithful to the original, but highly readable in English as any classic translated folk tale anthology.

[Davis · Rating 2 out of 5]

The collection consists more of a list of facts or events, not stories, and only run a single paragraph long most of the time. They're not moralistic like Pu Songling can be, but lack any kind of character at all. Maybe it was the translation, but I felt like Gan Bao had gathered an encyclopedic collection of facts which, while interesting for the scholar, is not meant to be read cover to cover. Pu Songling's collection "Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio" offers similar stories, is more readily available, better curated, cheaper, and on the whole has more interesting narratives than those here in Gan Bao's collection.

[Яна Небожилова · Rating 5 out of 5]

Замечательная книга, скорее сборник китайских быличек, чем рассказов, историй или сказок, как можно было бы ожидать. Примерно как сборники народного фольклора – только про Китай. В начале книги даётся очень ёмкий и предельно по делу комментарий об истории Китая, про тот период, в который и были записаны эти былички. Просто кладезь! Не все свитки равно интересны, некоторые прямо вызывают удивление и восторг, а какие-то – узнавание сюжета.

[Anindito Alfaritsi · Rating 2 out of 5]

Ok. Ini bukan buku yang kusarankan untuk dibaca. Tapi kalau kau sudah terlanjur punya buku ini, buku ini tidak aku sarankan untuk kau buang.

Pada dasarnya, buku ini merupakan kumpulan cerita-cerita dan kejadian-kejadian yang konon pernah terjadi di Cina kuno, yang berkaitan dengan--kayak yang judulnya bilang--dengan roh dan manusia abadi. Cerita-cerita yang diangkatnya banyak bersinggungan dengan tema soal moral, jalan hidup, kehidupan, dan kematian. Cuma, kau akan butuh kesabaran agak lebih serta pikiran yang lumayan terbuka untuk bisa mengambil manfaat dari cerita-ceritanya.

Buku ini banyak memaparkan seperti apa kondisi spiritual masyarakat dari orang-orang di zaman itu. Zaman Cina kuno yang dimaksud di sini itu benar-benar kuno, kayak ratusan tahun sebelum Masehi, sehingga bisa dibilang mereka kayak hidup di dunia yang hukum alamnya masih agak berbeda ketimbang yang ada di dunia kita sekarang.

Ceritanya bakal banyak yang ngebingungin. Banyak yang tersamar maknanya. Sehingga, terus terang aja, ceritanya bisa jadi ngebosenin. Tapi kalau mau mendalami beberapa ceritanya, kemudian membandingkan apa yang diceritain di situ dengan beberapa kondisi yang kamu temui di zaman ini, buku ini bisa membuka sudut pandang baru di kepala kamu sekaligus membuatmu agak lebih mikir.

Tidak direkomendasikan. Tapi kalau kau punya, pikirlah dua kali sebelum membuangnya. Pasti ada suatu maksud tertentu yang membuat Gan Bao sampai susah-susah merangkum cerita-cerita kayak gini. Bisa jadi cuma ilmu kita yang belum cukup buat mencerna apa-apa yang diceritakan di dalamnya.

[Lulu]

c. 315-336 ; first Zhiguai


Notable stories include

Gan Jiang Mo Xie〈干將莫邪〉
Wu Wang Xiao Nü〈吳王小女〉
Li Ji Zhan She〈李寄斬蛇〉a legend about serpent-slaying: Li Ji Slays the Giant Serpent (Li Chi Slays the Serpent), similar to the legend of Chen Jinggu.
Han Bing Fufu〈韓憑夫婦〉
The collection also contains a variant of the story of a Swan Maiden (or Heavenly/Celestial Bride) who marries a mortal man.

[Leo Marta Lay · Rating 1 out of 5]

Kumpulan anekdot dan cerita roh dan manusia serasa membosankan dengan isi cerita yang berulang-ulang.....kelebihan membaca buku ini sekedar menambah pengetahuan sejarah tentang lamanya peradaban Tiongkok yang ribuan tahun umurnya...

[英三 岡本]

搜神记：世说新语，干宝：刘义庆，岳麓书社，1989

[Inoy · Rating 1 out of 5]

one word : bored