Mato is a young Buno tribal boy of ten who is the despair of his mother, because he spends all his time daydreaming instead of doing the useful things Buno boys are meant to do; and because he is completely devoted to his pet baby goat, Arjun. When a tantric saint demands that the goat be sacrificed to the goddess Kali, Mato runs away with Arjun in a desperate bid to reach the sanctuary of the Armenian church. Hunted by the entire village, the boy and his goat struggle to evade capture and reach safety. In the process, Mahasweta Devi exposes the manner in which religion exploits superstition for its own ends. This is a tender and charming tale primarily for young readers, for whom, over the years, Mahasweta Devi has written extensively, using her considerable experience of oral history and grassroot realities to weave stories which educate future adults about an India very few of them would otherwise know of.
Mahasweta Devi was an Indian social activist and writer. She was born in 1926 in Dhaka, to literary parents in a Hindu Brahmin family. Her father Manish Ghatak was a well-known poet and novelist of the Kallol era, who used the pseudonym Jubanashwa. Mahasweta's mother Dharitri Devi was also a writer and a social worker.
She joined the Rabindranath Tagore-founded Vishvabharati University in Santiniketan and completed a B.A. (Hons) in English, and then finished an M.A. in English at Calcutta University as well. She later married renowned playwright Bijon Bhattacharya who was one of the founding fathers of the IPTA movement. In 1948, she gave birth to Nabarun Bhattacharya, currently one of Bengal's and India's leading novelist whose works are noted for their intellectual vigour and philosophical flavour. She got divorced from Bijon Bhattacharya in 1959.
In 1964, she began teaching at Bijoygarh College (an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta system). During those days, Bijoygarh College was an institution for working class women students. During that period she also worked as a journalist and as a creative writer. Recently, she is more famous for her work related to the study of the Lodhas and Shabars, the tribal communities of West Bengal, women and dalits. She is also an activist who is dedicated to the struggles of tribal people in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. In her elaborate Bengali fiction, she often depicts the brutal oppression of tribal peoples and the untouchables by potent, authoritarian upper-caste landlords, lenders, and venal government officials.
Major awards: 1979: Sahitya Akademi Award (Bengali): – Aranyer Adhikar (novel) 1986: Padma Shri[2] 1996: Jnanpith Award - the highest literary award from the Bharatiya Jnanpith 1997: Ramon Magsaysay Award - Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts 1999: Honoris causa - Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) 2006: Padma Vibhushan - the second highest civilian award from the Government of India 2010:Yashwantrao Chavan National Award 2011: Bangabibhushan - the highest civilian award from the Government of West Bengal 2012: Hall of Fame Lifetime Achievement Sahityabramha - the first Lifetime Achievement award in Bengali Literature from 4thScreen-IFJW.
মহাশ্বেতা দেবী একটি মধ্যবিত্ত বাঙালি পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন । তাঁর পিতা মনীশ ঘটক ছিলেন কল্লোল যুগের প্রখ্যাত সাহিত্যিক এবং তাঁর কাকা ছিলেন বিখ্যাত চিত্রপরিচালক ঋত্বিক ঘটক। মা ধরিত্রী দেবীও ছিলেন সাহিত্যিক ও সমাজসেবী। মহাশ্বেতা দেবী বিখ্যাত নাট্যকার বিজন ভট্টাচার্যের সঙ্গে বিবাহবন্ধনে আবদ্ধ হন। তাঁদের একমাত্র পুত্র, প্রয়াত নবারুণ ভট্টাচার্য স্মরণীয় কবিতার পঙ্ক্তি ‘এ মৃত্যু উপত্যকা আমার দেশ নয়’ এবং হারবার্ট উপন্যাস লিখে বাংলা সাহিত্যে স্থায়ী স্বাক্ষর রেখে গেছেন।
তাঁর শৈশব ও কৈশোরে স্কুলের পড়াশোনা ঢাকায়। দেশভাগের পর চলে আসেন কলকাতায়। এরপর শান্তিনিকেতনের বিশ্বভারতী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে ইংরেজিতে অনার্স এবং কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে স্নাতকোত্তর ডিগ্রি নেন।
১৯৬৪ খ্রীষ্টাব্দে তিনি বিজয়গড় কলেজে শিক্ষকতা শুরু করেন । এই সময়েই তিনি একজন সাংবাদিক এবং লেখিকা হিসাবে কাজ করেন। পরবর্তীকালে তিনি বিখ্যাত হন মূলত পশ্চিমবাংলার উপজাতি এবং নারীদের ওপর তাঁর কাজের জন্য । তিনি বিভিন্ন লেখার মাধ্যমে বিভিন্ন উপজাতি এবং মেয়েদের উপর শোষণ এবং বঞ্চনার কথা তুলে ধরেছেন। সাম্প্রতিক কালে মহাশ্বেতা দেবী পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সরকারের শিল্পনীতির বিরুদ্ধে সরব হয়েছেন । সরকার কর্তৃক বিপুল পরিমাণে কৃষিজমি অধিগ্রহণ এবং স্বল্পমূল্যে তা শিল্পপতিদের কাছে বিতরণের নীতির তিনি কড়া সমালোচক । এছাড়া তিনি শান্তিনিকেতনে প্রোমোটারি ব্যবসার বিরুদ্ধেও প্রতিবাদ করেছেন ।
তাঁর লেখা শতাধিক বইয়ের মধ্যে হাজার চুরাশির মা অন্যতম। তাঁকে পদ্মবিভূষণ (ভারত সরকারের দ্বিতীয় সর্বোচ্চ নাগরিক পুরস্কার,২০০৬), রামন ম্যাগসেসে পুরস্কার (১৯৯৭), জ্ঞানপীঠ পুরস্কার (সাহিত্য একাডেমির সর্বোচ্চ সাহিত্য সম্মান), সার্ক সাহিত্য পুরস্কার (২০০৭) প্রভৃতি পদকে ভূষিত করা হয়।
২০১৬ সালের ২৮ জুলাই, বৃহস্পতিবার বেলা ৩টা ১৬ মিনিটে চিকিৎসাধীন অবস্থায় তিনি শেষনিশ্বাস ত্যাগ করেন।
This is my first time first-hand reading of the author. Its been a long time I've been learning from vicarious sources from people of subaltern studies like Ashish Nandy and Gayathri Spivak, and also from contemporary bengali writers like Manoranjan Byapari. I have heard that when it comes of dalit and tribal literature, she's the queen of all queens. Pretty much like the Indian literary Goddess.
Besides pretty much adulation, this is a very brief story of tribal boy and his goat are forced to escape from the forests to the mainland church to avoid his goat getting slaughtered as a sacrifice for avoiding imminent disaster. The story pretty much revolves around the region of Bengal around mid 1970s.
Through the reviews I got to know the writing kind used in the work is very unconventional that she's not known for this writing style. Still it unravels a lot of intersectionality themes such as Caste, tribal cultures a little away from the brink of upcoming modernisation, superstitions and the role of missionaries especially with those of tribes and their recorded histories.
I remember watching a documentary during my first week of joining the masters degree in Anthropology. The documentary was about my professors work around 2002 on a tribe of Andaman, the Onges. They were happy during the 26th of the January month as they asked to stand straight with funny postures so that in the end they will get new clothes and sweets. They pretty have no way of going back to their own ways of living as the government and the modernity keep haunting them in the name of development. With so many talks and small movements based on gender, caste, religion against the established, tribal people do not come under any of it and basically remains the most voiceless. The only option they have is acculturate with the mainstream and perish holding their norms and values.
In such a way, I'm glad we have had a Mahasweta Devi for her works efforts for the empowerment of tribal people.
I am surprised that this little gem of a book is categorized as a work for children. No, not because it is in anyway inferior, but because it is too intriguing and intense to be read by children. A precious little work of fiction by one of the celebrated authors of India – Mahasweta Devi, this book will leave you in a poignant state.
Mato is a young kid from the deep rural areas of Bengal. Young and kind, he loves his little goat Arjun a lot. So much so that when a tantric asks the village people to slaughter the goat to appease the goddess or face the risk of extinction by flood, little Mato sets out alone to protect his quadruped friend, seeking the refuge of an old padre.
Though it is touted as a work for children, the passing notes about the British presence, subtle depiction of the wily zamindars and their cruelty, prevalent superstitions and, above all, a mother’s love for her young one will all keep you engrossed throughout. Simple narrative that will captivate elders and young minds alike, this work is bound to leave a deep impression on you.
The Armenian Champa Tree by Mahashweta Devi is a longish short story at 40 pages that is presented as one book. Translated from the Bengali by Nirmal Kant Bhattacharjee, it can be read like a simple story about Mato, a 10yr old boy growing up in a small remote village a few decades ago, his attachment to his goat and what happens when the elders decide it has to be sacrificed. But dwell a bit on it and you will find how Mahasweta turns it into a strong commentary on blind superstitions, the pressure on young boys to conform to be 'strong and brave' as opposed to being 'effeminate' because they are kind to animals or draw, or make dolls.
The different perceptions towards young boys and young men are shown in the way
Mato's older brother is feared and considered manly for what he does. Mato is given a weak heart but what he ends up doing for his goat is something that shows you that his heart is firmly in the right place and of the right nature. But the sad truth is that boys aren't allowed to be anything but conforming to the social standards of 'strong'.
Reading this made me also think of how fascists and current religious fanatics can end up denouncing this as a Christian conversion trap given the scheme of things in the story and that would be such a shame for what Mahasweta Devi does with the story is to put out the push and pull of social belief systems and how they bear down on young people.
I started re-reading Mahasweta Devi's works this year. One, it was about time and second, I had full access to all her books (including now out of print The Queen of Jhansi) at the publisher Seagull Books' library. I started with Breast stories, Outcaste and her plays: they were horror stories that sadly reflected our society and our lack of humanity. Her works were hard-hitting reportage of her times. That she wove her stories and build characters with her words only made her work more heart-wrenching. But, the Armenian Champa Tree is a different work.
It is no less a reflection of fractures, prejudices in the society but the writing and story isn't as in-you-face-harsh like other writings by Mahasweta Devi. In fact, I could call this story even sweet (unbelievable that this adjective will come to be used for her story) as it tells a story from the eyes of a young Buno tribal boy Mato and his goat Arjun. It feels like a beautiful parable of modern times that is relevant even today.
P.S: I love the cover of this book by Sunandini Bannerjee. Also, I appreciate the decision by the translator to retain local words to retain the flavour of the original language. This is something I have noticed as a trend in other translations of Mahasweta's works as well (like Outcaste even though the translators are different.)
Mahasweta Devi's The Armenian Champa Tree is a beautifully written and touching tale that explores the complexities of caste, religion, superstition, and the human condition. The story of young Mato and his pet goat, Arjun, is a testament to the power of love, perseverance, and the human spirit.
The narrative is simple yet powerful, and the characters are fully realized and richly drawn. Devi's writing style is engaging and lyrical, and she uses vivid descriptions, and metaphors to create an immersive reading experience. The themes of exploitation, resilience and the power of community are woven seamlessly into the story, making this a must-read for young readers.
One of the most striking elements of this novel is the way in which Devi blends the personal with the political. Through Mato's journey, the author exposes the ways in which religion can be used to exploit superstition for its own ends. This is a poignant reminder of the importance of critical thinking and the dangers of blindly following authority.
The Armenian Champa Tree is a testament to the author's skill as a writer and her commitment to educating young readers about the complexities of the world they live in. This is a book that will stay with readers long after they have put it down, and it is sure to spark meaningful conversations and debates. Highly recommended!
"Since her birth, Mato's mother's been hearing that these are bad days. Such talks no longer scares her." – Mahasweta Devi, 'The Armenian Champa Tree' . . ____ . . 'The Armenian Champa Tree' is a short story of a ten-year-old Buno tribal boy named Mato and his little goat, Arjun. Buno is troubled when a tantric mystic announces that the baby goat must be sacrificed in order to save the tribe from an apocalyptic flood. The following night, little Mato runs away with Arjun with the dream of finding refuge in an Armenian Church complex where the grand champa tree stands. But as the entire village hunts him and his goat, does Buno manage to reach the Church safely? . . The original Bengali story was published in 1968, in the children's magazine 'Sandesh'. Mahasweta Devi explores the villainy of religious ascetics who manipulate masses through their superstitious beliefs. Through the story, Mahasweta Devi provides an insight into the Buno tribe, their livelihood and approach in times of natural calamities. . . C.S. Lewis wrote, “A children's story that can only be enjoyed by children is not a good children's story in the slightest.” Mahasweta Devi's 'The Armenian Champa Tree' is a story meant for children that can be enjoyed and loved by adults alike.
This was such a beautiful story about hope, blind faith and love. Written so lyrically, you can't help but root for little Mato as he tries to save his goat, Arjun from the fires of sacrifice just because a quack decreed it.
You can't help but love the entire cast of characters no matter how short or long their glimpse is.
Ultimately it's a story of how love is the only antidote to absolute power and one must never lose sight of that thread that binds one soul to its humanity no matter what your cultural conditioning dictates.