Judith E. Glaser’s book "Conversational Intelligence: How Great Leaders Build Trust and Get Extraordinary Results" explores how conversations shape relationships, influence decisions, and impact trust, making communication one of the most powerful tools in any leader’s toolkit. She reveals how different types of conversations trigger chemical reactions in the brain that either foster collaboration or create resistance. By understanding these neurological responses and learning how to guide discussions intentionally, individuals can build trust, encourage creativity, and inspire teams toward greater success.
Every interaction triggers a cascade of brain chemicals that determine how we feel and respond. When a conversation feels threatening or judgmental, cortisol is released, heightening stress and making people defensive. This state clouds judgment, limits problem-solving ability, and shuts down open dialogue. On the other hand, when a person feels valued and heard, the brain releases oxytocin and dopamine, which enhance trust, creativity, and openness. Conversations that make people feel psychologically safe allow for better teamwork, innovation, and problem-solving. This underscores the importance of not just what is said, but how it is communicated.
Glaser’s research highlights that effective conversations follow specific patterns that keep the brain in a receptive and collaborative state. These patterns include sharing context before diving into content, asking questions that express genuine curiosity, and allowing others to contribute fully. When leaders take these approaches, they create an environment where people feel comfortable sharing ideas and working together toward solutions. For example, if a manager asks why a project isn’t finished in a way that sounds accusatory, it may trigger a defensive reaction. However, if the same manager inquires about progress and offers support, the employee is more likely to open up about challenges and work toward solutions. Leaders can transform their communication by observing and adjusting these patterns.
There are three levels of conversation, each serving a unique purpose. The first level is transactional, focusing on exchanging basic information and confirming details. These are necessary but do not encourage deep engagement. The second level, positional conversations, involve advocating for one’s viewpoint while staying open to other perspectives. These discussions allow for debate and can lead to better decision-making. The third level, transformational conversations, involve deep trust and genuine curiosity. They create space for new ideas, collaboration, and breakthrough thinking. Leaders can consciously move conversations to higher levels by becoming more aware of how they communicate and by encouraging deeper dialogue. Asking reflective questions and fostering psychological safety help unlock these deeper conversations.
Trust in conversations can be compared to a garden—it requires consistent nurturing. Just as plants respond to sunlight and water, trust grows or withers based on how interactions are handled. Open communication, respect for different perspectives, and following through on commitments enrich the soil of relationships. Conversely, withholding information, dismissing ideas, or breaking promises depletes trust. Leaders who reflect on their conversational habits can strengthen their relationships by ensuring they create an environment where trust thrives.
Conversational blind spots can undermine communication without people realizing it. One common blind spot is assuming that one fully understands another’s intentions, leading to misinterpretation. Another is overestimating how clearly one’s message is being received. Additionally, emotional states can influence communication in ways people may not notice. Leaders can overcome these blind spots by pausing before reacting, seeking clarification, and being mindful of how their emotions affect their tone. Checking in with others and asking for feedback can help reveal these hidden barriers to effective communication.
To improve conversations, Glaser offers practical tools that can be implemented immediately. One technique is priming—setting positive intentions before engaging in discussions. By focusing on what can be achieved together rather than problems, conversations become more productive. Another strategy is reframing questions to encourage constructive thinking. Instead of asking why something failed, asking what can be learned from it leads to better outcomes. Interrupting negative conversational patterns is also crucial. Taking a break or changing the direction of the discussion can help reset the conversation when tensions rise. Practicing deep listening by encouraging others to elaborate on their thoughts builds stronger connections. Additionally, leaders can use linguistic techniques to align their approach with the energy of the conversation rather than opposing it.
Non-verbal communication also plays a significant role in shaping interactions. Tone of voice, facial expressions, and body language all impact how messages are received. Leaders who maintain open body language and a warm tone create an inviting conversational environment. Small adjustments in communication style can significantly impact how people respond and engage.
Understanding the power of conversations allows individuals to navigate interactions more effectively. By recognizing the brain’s responses to different types of conversations, leaders can create trust, encourage innovation, and improve collaboration. Moving beyond surface-level communication and engaging in deeper, more meaningful discussions leads to stronger relationships and better results. Developing conversational awareness, addressing blind spots, and applying strategic techniques transform everyday interactions into opportunities for positive change. Through intentional and thoughtful communication, leaders can build trust, inspire their teams, and achieve extraordinary outcomes.