PART ONE: WHY
Why Infectious Generosity’s time has come…
1. Inside a Contagion
The surprising aftermath of a decision to give
In the early stages of TED, the organization’s journey towards amplifying generosity through
the Internet was not straightforward. As a media entrepreneur, I began by creating hobbyist
magazines focused on technology in both the UK and US. My first encounter with the TED
conference in 1998 revealed its potential to connect diverse fields such as technology,
entertainment, and design, elevating the significance of these areas in unexpected ways.
By 2001, the opportunity to take over TED arose. However, financial limitations, due to the
dot-com bust, prevented me from purchasing it outright. Instead, TED became part of a not-
for-profit foundation I had created. This change made it crucial to find ways to reach a
broader audience with the conference's inspiring talks.
## The Experiment of Radical Openness
Initially, we attempted to persuade television networks to broadcast TED Talks, but they
rejected the idea, deeming public lectures unappealing. The solution came from the Internet,
where bandwidth improvements were gradually making online video viable. In 2006, we
decided to experiment by releasing six TED Talks on our website. To our surprise, these talks
rapidly gained tens of thousands of views, a substantial increase compared to the few
hundred visitors we typically attracted. Viewer feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with
many expressing deep inspiration from the talks.
The unexpected success of this experiment created a dilemma: as a nonprofit, TED had an
obligation to share knowledge freely, but there was concern that giving away content might
discourage people from attending the conference. Despite this risk, we proceeded with
making the talks freely available online.
The response was astonishing. Our community of conference attendees, far from opposing
the move, largely embraced it. More surprising was the reaction from online viewers, many
of whom were moved to support the speakers and help spread their ideas. The result was a
surge in website traffic and global interest in TED.
## Generosity Unleashed
One of the most unexpected consequences was the emergence of volunteer translators who
wanted to make TED Talks accessible in other languages. We set up a system to facilitate this,
and over the years, tens of thousands of volunteers have translated talks into more than 100
languages. This act of generosity from volunteers transformed TED from a niche conference
to a global platform.
Our decision to give away content not only increased our visibility but also attracted
sponsorships and other forms of revenue, leading to a tenfold increase in income within three
years. This unexpected windfall enabled us to explore new possibilities for the organization.
One of our guiding principles, which we referred to as “radical openness,” soon became
synonymous with infectious generosity. The Internet had shown us that by giving away
valuable content, we could receive far more in return than we ever anticipated.
## Spreading the Brand
Inspired by the success of sharing content, we looked for other ways to expand TED’s reach.
One major initiative was the creation of a fellows program, which brought extraordinary
individuals to TED who otherwise could not afford to attend. One of the early fellows, Logan
Smalley, launched TED-Ed, a program aimed at educating learners of all ages through
animated videos. TED-Ed has since produced more than 1,500 videos, reaching millions of homes and schools worldwide.
However, our boldest move came with the decision to give away the TED brand itself. People
had expressed interest in hosting TED conferences in their own cities, so we issued free
licenses allowing them to organize TEDx events. These local, self-organized events quickly
multiplied, and today, TEDx events have been held in locations ranging from universities to
prisons to rainforests.
At the time, some business advisers questioned the wisdom of this move. Harvard Business
Review even published an article titled “When TED Lost Control of Its Crowd,” highlighting
the risks involved. Yet the “loss” of control was intentional, and over time, local organizers
gained invaluable experience, learning from one another. TEDx brought voices to the world
that we might never have discovered on our own, with speakers like Brené Brown and Simon
Sinek rising to prominence through these events.
The impact of this decision is evident today, with more than 25,000 TEDx events having been
held worldwide, creating an archive of over 200,000 talks viewed by more than a billion people
annually. What makes this even more remarkable is that the entire operation is run by a central
team of just 12 people. This success could not have been achieved through traditional means;
it was made possible by the power of infectious generosity.
## Ripple Effects of Generosity
The ripple effects of generosity continue to astonish us. One of the original six talks released
online was by Sir Ken Robinson, who argued that schools should foster creativity in children.
This talk, viewed by millions, has inspired educators around the world and even led to the
founding of a new school in New York by the Blue Man Group.
A particularly powerful example of generosity’s ripple effect comes from India, where
university student Supriya Paul, inspired by Sir Ken’s talk, co-founded Josh Talks with her
friend Shobhit Banga. The platform shares motivational stories in regional languages, raising
aspirations among lower-income communities. As of 2023, Josh Talks reaches more than 50
million people every month, creating ripple effects that extend far beyond its original purpose.
One story from Josh Talks exemplifies this impact. A young man named Manish, who had lost
his home to floods in Bihar, India, was inspired by a Josh Talks video to start teaching children
in his village. His efforts have since grown into a successful coaching institute, helping students
pass critical exams and creating a new wave of ripple effects in his community.
## The Multiplier Effect
Some may argue that TED’s success is unique, but I believe the principles we’ve learned apply
broadly. The connected era we live in changes the rules of generosity, making it possible for
anyone, individual or organization, to have an outsized impact. The power of generosity,
amplified through technology, can inspire, educate, and create ripples that extend across the
globe.
TED’s journey demonstrates how giving away valuable ideas can lead to unimaginable
rewards, not just for the giver but for the world at large. As we continue to explore new ways
to share knowledge, the ripple effects of generosity will only grow, shaping the future in ways
we cannot yet foresee.