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Οι εγκυκλοπαιδιστές

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Τη δεκαετία του 1750 μια ομάδα νέων ανθρώπων στο Παρίσι καταπιάστηκαν με τη μετάφραση ενός λεξικού το οποίο, όπως ήλπιζαν, θα τους απασχολούσε για λίγα χρόνια. Το σχέδιο αυτό εξελίχθηκε στο μεγαλύτερο εκδοτικό εγχείρημα της εποχής, ένα έργο που θεωρήθηκε τόσο επικίνδυνο και ανατρεπτικό, που ο Πάπας το αποκήρυξε και οι συντάκτες του απειλήθηκαν με εκτέλεση. Όταν ολοκληρώθηκε, μετά από ένα τέταρτο του αιώνα, αποτελούνταν από 28 τόμους, έγινε γνωστό ως η μεγάλη Εγκυκλοπαίδεια των Ντιντερό και Ντ' Αλαμπέρ και είναι ένα έργο που άλλαξε την ιστορία του πολιτισμού.

528 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2004

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About the author

Philipp Blom

33 books207 followers
Philipp Blom is a German novelist who currently lives and works in Vienna, Austria. He is best known for his novel, The Simmons Papers (1995). His 2007 novel, Luxor has not yet been translated into English. He is a professional historian who studied at Vienna and Oxford with a focus on eighteenth-century intellectual history. His academic works include: To Have and to Hold: An Intimate History of Collectors and Collecting; Encyclopédie, and The Vertigo Years: Change and Culture in the West, 1900-1914. He is also the author of The Wines of Austria.

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Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews
Profile Image for Karen·.
682 reviews903 followers
April 6, 2013
Fascinating and engrossing, this is not only informative about the vicissitudes surrounding the publication of that 'brilliant beacon, a turning-point in history', Diderot and d'Alembert's Encyclopedia, but is also visually delightful. It is richly illustrated with etchings from the eighteenth century original, which demonstrate beautifully the care taken over every detail of; tradesmen's tools; production methods; arts; antiquities; natural phenomena; surgery; skills. It was truly an attempt to be exhaustive. Blom is a historian with a narrative gift: he sustains interest with that time-honoured trick of indicating the enormous repercussions of the incident that is about to be narrated, as in 'another legal case that shook France and almost convinced him (Diderot) to flee overnight..', then going on to tell the disturbing tale of the teenager accused of blasphemy, Chevalier de la Barre. Blom involves the reader by bringing the characters to life, getting them up and moving, showing their different temperaments and the ensuing disputes and disagreements among them. Rousseau comes off badly, as paranoid and selfish with a talent for alienating those who would help him, and Voltaire is a cunning old fox with an eye to the main chance. Diderot does rather take centre stage, but then he would, he loved the limelight and was dismissive of the plodding Chevalier de Jaucourt who laboured unflaggingly in the background, and the alternating vanity and modesty of an insecure d'Alembert, whom Diderot blamed for the near failure of the venture after the enormous controversy over d'Alembert's imprudent article about Geneva.
The main question, of course, is how all the volumes were ever produced in the face of censorship, and critical attacks over plagiarism, licentiousness, moral danger, blasphemy and plain inaccuracy, in face of the disagreements between the main editors and the sheer amount of time and work it demanded, so that even the most idealistic of enlighteners might begin to feel the game was not worth the candle. Blom makes a credible case for the commercial factor, as the publishers had invested too much to let it fold: too big to fail. And Diderot is presented as a man of honour. He will fulfill his promise, at enormous personal cost. In the end, poor Diderot, shocked at the mutilation of many articles by a publisher who was concerned that the censors would put an end to everything, felt that he had failed. But what comes through this whole narrative is the negotiation and compromise that must inevitably accompany an undertaking of such breadth and danger. Diderot may have had a different vision, and the reality may have fallen short for him, but posterity acknowledges the ground-shaking significance of his magnificent work.
Profile Image for Eduardo Rioseco.
268 reviews3 followers
February 26, 2023
Más que una obra, la Enciclopedia de Diderot y D'Alembert fue una causa. La publicación de sus 27 volúmenes durante 21 años solo fue posible por el carácter simbólico que llegó a adquirir; su tono abiertamente provocador encendió las alarmas de los poderes eclesiásticos y monárquicos, que sin embargo no lograron evitar la circulación de una obra que llegó a encarnar el espíritu de la época.

Philipp Blom entrega en este libro un relato pormenorizado de este episodio trascendental de la Ilustración, al tiempo que enfoca su mirada en la figura de Denis Diderot. Blom pinta a Diderot como una figura heroica y virtuosa, cuyo principal interés era aportar al despertar de la humanidad sin preocuparse demasiado por las consideraciones materiales del asunto: nos enteramos, por ejemplo, que Diderot recibió un porcentaje ínfimo de las millonarias ganancias que reportó el éxito editorial de la Enciclopedia, hecho que Blom parece ver como una señal de su motivación pura y virtuosa. Pero también nos enteramos que Diderot vivía preocupado por su legado; anhelaba la gloria de la posteridad, lo cual lo convierte en un personaje decididamente romántico y, para Blom, entrañable.

Pero la Enciclopedia no fue la obra de un solo hombre. Blom nos ayuda a entender cómo fue posible que un grupo amplio de personajes pudiera unir sus esfuerzos en pos de una causa que despertaba una devoción casi religiosa. Es revelador conocer que, en su momento de mayor apogeo, el grupo de enciclopedistas llegó a ser respetado y temido de una manera similar a como sucedía con la Iglesia. Parece una ironía que la Enciclopedia haya pasado a ser el evangelio de una suerte de religión de la razón que también supo practicar el prejuicio, la intolerancia y aun el fanatismo. Quizás esto explique que los enciclopedistas no hubieran sido percibidos como "amigos del pueblo" durante la Revolución Francesa, que estalló 17 años después de la publicación del último tomo.

Había momentos en que el autor mostraba una reverencia excesiva por la figura de Diderot, lo cual entorpecía un poco la lectura pues difícilmente puede uno compartir ese tipo de devoción cuando apenas está empezando a conocer al personaje. Lo mismo ocurre con la antipatía que Blom manifiesta por otros personajes, como Rousseau o Le Breton: nos invita a despreciarlos cuando apenas los hemos conocido. Pese a esos detalles, el relato funciona a la perfección.
13 reviews
August 29, 2016
Una obra plena de detalles. Nos permite conocer a los personajes que forjaron la Enciclopedia y, sobre todo, podemos conocer el monstruo contra quien debieron luchar. La monarquía sostenida convenidamente por la Iglesia católica, produjo un sistema de gobierno que si bien reemplazo al mundo medieval, en lo social perfeccionó las taras de este, gestando un universo de iniquidades que se sostuvopor siglos sin afectaciones gracias a la Iglesia católica, la cual le otorgaba una aprobacion divina a las familias reales, ubicándolas más allá de lo mundano.
La labor formativa de los enciclopedistas fue esencial para las dos revoluciones que cambiaron para siempre la escena de Occidente, la americana y la francesa.
Por otro lado, más allá de las diferencias y divergencias que pudieron tener entre ellos, la labor de los enciclopedistas fue sacrificada y heroica.
Es obvio que el empeño no podía ser cumplido a cabalidad, el saber en todas las disciplinas empezaba a desplazarse a ritmos vertiginosos. Tal vez por ello la seleccion de las voces que conforman la Enciclopedia debió ser arbitraria y su contenido variado en calidad. En cualquier caso, lo que está más allá de toda duda es que hombres como Diderot, D'Alambert, Rousseau, Voltaire, marcaron la ruta hacia otros valores sociales y pergeñaron una sociedad a la altura de sus sueños, con el fin de que las siguientes generaciones la concretaran. El tiempo dirá si asumimos adecuadamente el encargo.
Profile Image for Therese.
Author 2 books164 followers
May 9, 2018
Very well-written, novelistic history of how Diderot's Encyclopedie came into being, full of fascinating personalities and every imaginable plot twist.
Profile Image for Joaquim.
50 reviews
November 28, 2024
Genial historia. La Ilustración me pone. Bravo Philipp Bloom.
Profile Image for Vera.
Author 0 books30 followers
March 22, 2015
The history of Diderots encyclopedia is fascinating. Living in France during the ancien regime, in a time long before the freedom of press, the encyclopedists worked on a project that should encompass all the world's knowledge, which should be accessible for everyone. Moreover, Diderot wanted to describe all arts and crafts in his Encyclopédie - a revolutionary goal in a time ruled by the clergy and noblemen (whose family trees and deeds would, to their frustration, hardly be mentioned in the dictionary).
The project was strictly monitored by the king's censors, but the encyclopedists also had mighty friends like Madame de Pompadour, Voltaire and Malesherbes, who was, to their luck, the main censor. And so the work could be published, even if it took over 25 years. The articles were full of critic on the French noble society, the Catholic Church and - albeit in between the lines - plead for equality and more freedom for the masses.

In this book, Philipp Blom describes the history of the Encyclopédie, the lives of its main authors,their problems and their successes. Accompanied by citations from letters (mainly by Diderot) and numerous copies of original illustrations from the encyclopedia, this book is not only highly informative, but a very nice read and a feast for the eye as well.
Profile Image for Yair.
86 reviews9 followers
November 7, 2013
Es un relato bien documentado, con un lenguaje equilibrado que escarba en el trasfondo de una de las grandes obras de la humanidad: Enciclopedié, la cual enfrentó desde los terrenos del pensamiento a los rezagos de las vetustas instituciones del medioevo europeo (Monarquía y la Iglesía).
No es exagerado su subtítulo: “el triunfo de la razón en tiempos irracionales”. Los filósofos liderados por Diderot y D’alembert emprendieron una de las obras intelectuales más encomiables, cuyos errores y discrepancias personales, lejos de opacarla, la dotan de una belleza admirable.
Profile Image for Nikos Karagiannakis.
102 reviews16 followers
January 5, 2014
Η ιστορία του μεγαλύτερου συγγραφικού άθλου, της εγκυκλοπαίδειας του Diderot, του D'Alembert, του Russeau και πολλών άλλων αφανών ή μη ηρώων, είναι το θέμα με το οποίο καταπιάστηκε με ιδιαίτερο μεράκι ο Bloom και κατάφερε να το δώσει με έναν ιδιαίτερα συναρπαστικό τρόπο. Καταφέρνει να δώσει έναν μεγάλο όγκο πληροφοριών και ιστορικών στοιχείων, χωρίς να γίνει ούτε στιγμή βαρετός. Αντιθέτως, μεταφέρει την ένταση και την πίεση που δεχόντουσαν οι συγγραφείς από το πουριτανικό και θεοκρατούμενο καθεστώς, και που ευτυχώς δεν ήταν τελικά αρκετό για να σταματήσει αυτο το μνημειώδες έργο.
Profile Image for Bárbara.
53 reviews
Read
January 7, 2018
Cualquier libro de historia que te enseñe que al clítoris lo llamaban "aestrum Veneris" (agijón de Venus) es un buen libro.

Bromas aparte, aunque me ha hecho sufrir porque me pilló en medio de una crisis y de un absoluto parón lector (además de que tuve que leerlo para hacer un trabajo), es un libro muy interesante sobre la Enciclopedia, los ilustrados y sus vidas, y los cambios que se iban produciendo en la sociedad a lo largo de su creación y publicación.
Profile Image for Dave.
259 reviews42 followers
February 2, 2019
I'm not usually the type to read books like this that glorify famous historical figures. I do read a lot and consider myself to be relatively smart but I don't really see the point in learning every trivial detail about the personal lives of presidents, kings, philosophers, scientists, explorers, inventors, etc. I'm not much of a fan of the emphasis that schools put on memorizing dates and things either. I just hate seeing so many people able to answer nearly every question on Jeopardy but unable to think rationally about their own lives. So it wasn't a fascination with Denis Diderot that got me to read this. I had just stumbled onto this guy's book about the Little Ice Age and thought there was something intriguing about him. The descriptions of most of his books sounded like they were putting sort of a radical spin on the subjects. I was kind of hoping that I'd just found the next Kirkpatrick Sale or something. After reading his work I wouldn't say that he's quite that extreme (Sale is known for his criticisms of industrial civilization) but he does bring up important ideas that other historians tend to ignore. I definitely didn't hate it.
Profile Image for JimZ.
228 reviews3 followers
October 20, 2021
This book is many things - biography, literary history, description of some of the worst horrors of the ancien regime, description of a near-first project of its kind (a general encyclopedia), clarification of the relationships among the philosophes. Phillip Blom's research comes through as does his inventiveness in crafting a book about events over 250 years ago, that is interesting to the modern reader. One aspect of the Encyclopedie that really intrigues me are the many, detailed drawings that were produced for the set; it'd be great to see more examples of them. I had read Diderot's novels (the ones I could find in translation in my library). 'Enlightening the World' showed me the rest of the story about this unusual man. Overall, great job, 5 stars, very glad I found this contribution to French literature, philosophy and history.
Profile Image for Kai Weber.
537 reviews46 followers
October 3, 2025
A well-written account of the origin and history of the famous 18th century French encyclopedia, entertaining the reader with some of the idiosyncrasies of the main protagonists (Blom tries to compensate some of the historical injustice by putting the name of Louis de Jaucourt into the subtitle along with the more famous ones of Denis Diderot and d'Alembert) and their intellectual surroundings (like Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Friedrich Melchior Grimm, Mme. d'Épinay etc.). Overall it can be read a bit like the autobiography of a book rather than that of a person.
Profile Image for Christopherseelie.
230 reviews24 followers
January 9, 2018
Excellent telling of an under-examined episode in the intellectual history of Europe.
Profile Image for Susu.
1,790 reviews21 followers
July 18, 2013
The enyclopedia, its authors - the full story of one of the most important works of the enlightenment. Easy to read, fascinating and informative, too.
Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews

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