These reminiscences of a women whose mother was rescued from a house of ill-repute construct a history not often documented. A history that runs parallel to the official narrative of India's modernism and nationalism: that of women outcast because they are 'fallen'. It seeks to empathize with a segment of society condemned even by other women as beyond the bounds of decency and social acceptance.
Mahasweta Devi was an Indian social activist and writer. She was born in 1926 in Dhaka, to literary parents in a Hindu Brahmin family. Her father Manish Ghatak was a well-known poet and novelist of the Kallol era, who used the pseudonym Jubanashwa. Mahasweta's mother Dharitri Devi was also a writer and a social worker.
She joined the Rabindranath Tagore-founded Vishvabharati University in Santiniketan and completed a B.A. (Hons) in English, and then finished an M.A. in English at Calcutta University as well. She later married renowned playwright Bijon Bhattacharya who was one of the founding fathers of the IPTA movement. In 1948, she gave birth to Nabarun Bhattacharya, currently one of Bengal's and India's leading novelist whose works are noted for their intellectual vigour and philosophical flavour. She got divorced from Bijon Bhattacharya in 1959.
In 1964, she began teaching at Bijoygarh College (an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta system). During those days, Bijoygarh College was an institution for working class women students. During that period she also worked as a journalist and as a creative writer. Recently, she is more famous for her work related to the study of the Lodhas and Shabars, the tribal communities of West Bengal, women and dalits. She is also an activist who is dedicated to the struggles of tribal people in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. In her elaborate Bengali fiction, she often depicts the brutal oppression of tribal peoples and the untouchables by potent, authoritarian upper-caste landlords, lenders, and venal government officials.
Major awards: 1979: Sahitya Akademi Award (Bengali): – Aranyer Adhikar (novel) 1986: Padma Shri[2] 1996: Jnanpith Award - the highest literary award from the Bharatiya Jnanpith 1997: Ramon Magsaysay Award - Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts 1999: Honoris causa - Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) 2006: Padma Vibhushan - the second highest civilian award from the Government of India 2010:Yashwantrao Chavan National Award 2011: Bangabibhushan - the highest civilian award from the Government of West Bengal 2012: Hall of Fame Lifetime Achievement Sahityabramha - the first Lifetime Achievement award in Bengali Literature from 4thScreen-IFJW.
মহাশ্বেতা দেবী একটি মধ্যবিত্ত বাঙালি পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন । তাঁর পিতা মনীশ ঘটক ছিলেন কল্লোল যুগের প্রখ্যাত সাহিত্যিক এবং তাঁর কাকা ছিলেন বিখ্যাত চিত্রপরিচালক ঋত্বিক ঘটক। মা ধরিত্রী দেবীও ছিলেন সাহিত্যিক ও সমাজসেবী। মহাশ্বেতা দেবী বিখ্যাত নাট্যকার বিজন ভট্টাচার্যের সঙ্গে বিবাহবন্ধনে আবদ্ধ হন। তাঁদের একমাত্র পুত্র, প্রয়াত নবারুণ ভট্টাচার্য স্মরণীয় কবিতার পঙ্ক্তি ‘এ মৃত্যু উপত্যকা আমার দেশ নয়’ এবং হারবার্ট উপন্যাস লিখে বাংলা সাহিত্যে স্থায়ী স্বাক্ষর রেখে গেছেন।
তাঁর শৈশব ও কৈশোরে স্কুলের পড়াশোনা ঢাকায়। দেশভাগের পর চলে আসেন কলকাতায়। এরপর শান্তিনিকেতনের বিশ্বভারতী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে ইংরেজিতে অনার্স এবং কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে স্নাতকোত্তর ডিগ্রি নেন।
১৯৬৪ খ্রীষ্টাব্দে তিনি বিজয়গড় কলেজে শিক্ষকতা শুরু করেন । এই সময়েই তিনি একজন সাংবাদিক এবং লেখিকা হিসাবে কাজ করেন। পরবর্তীকালে তিনি বিখ্যাত হন মূলত পশ্চিমবাংলার উপজাতি এবং নারীদের ওপর তাঁর কাজের জন্য । তিনি বিভিন্ন লেখার মাধ্যমে বিভিন্ন উপজাতি এবং মেয়েদের উপর শোষণ এবং বঞ্চনার কথা তুলে ধরেছেন। সাম্প্রতিক কালে মহাশ্বেতা দেবী পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সরকারের শিল্পনীতির বিরুদ্ধে সরব হয়েছেন । সরকার কর্তৃক বিপুল পরিমাণে কৃষিজমি অধিগ্রহণ এবং স্বল্পমূল্যে তা শিল্পপতিদের কাছে বিতরণের নীতির তিনি কড়া সমালোচক । এছাড়া তিনি শান্তিনিকেতনে প্রোমোটারি ব্যবসার বিরুদ্ধেও প্রতিবাদ করেছেন ।
তাঁর লেখা শতাধিক বইয়ের মধ্যে হাজার চুরাশির মা অন্যতম। তাঁকে পদ্মবিভূষণ (ভারত সরকারের দ্বিতীয় সর্বোচ্চ নাগরিক পুরস্কার,২০০৬), রামন ম্যাগসেসে পুরস্কার (১৯৯৭), জ্ঞানপীঠ পুরস্কার (সাহিত্য একাডেমির সর্বোচ্চ সাহিত্য সম্মান), সার্ক সাহিত্য পুরস্কার (২০০৭) প্রভৃতি পদকে ভূষিত করা হয়।
২০১৬ সালের ২৮ জুলাই, বৃহস্পতিবার বেলা ৩টা ১৬ মিনিটে চিকিৎসাধীন অবস্থায় তিনি শেষনিশ্বাস ত্যাগ করেন।
Mahasweta Devi's Bedanabala translated by Sunandini Banerjee is a mere 77 pages but the world it will take you to and the thoughts it will leave you with are going to numerous. Set in a different era from the early 1900s to the beginning of the Swadeshi movement in Calcutta, this is a timeless commentary and a story that says a lot about women who live on the margins of society by selling their bodies, living on the generosity of patrons and continuing the cycle of bringing in other younger women into the fold to suffer just like them.
The story takes you within the walls of seedy houses where women sell their bodies, where beauty, grace and youth are tickets to ensure the tradition is passed on from an older woman who will watch out for the other younger lot and who will partake of cuts. It is a world where the women live in the hope that there will be a wealthy man who would be interested in setting up one woman in a separate house, a world where such women are looked down. And yet, when the outside world around them is caught in the tide of the freedom movement or when natural calamities occur, it is these same women who will take out their earnings for the greater good.
The historical anecdotes give a peak into Bengali society and pride when Tagore is accorded the Nobel Prize in literature, when Bengali youths sacrifice their lives in the freedom movement. The narrative style adopted is truly powerful with a woman reclaiming the agency lacking in the lives of other women before her.
Stories are an act of memory-making. When words are set in writing, they shed the cloak of obscurity, claiming a presence for all of posterity to sit back and take notice. Mahasweta Devi’s work has been radical in its documentation of marginalised voices. She is known to have wielded her pen like a weapon, striking the fetters of oppression with each new sentence. It would come as no surprise to you then that in Bedanabala, we are told the story of a prostitute who was rescued from a brothel, which is narrated in first person by her eponymous daughter.
Bedanbala: Her Life. Her Times. is set in pre-Independence India, when the nation is waking up to nationalistic fervour and enlightened thoughts. It begins with telling us how new women are brought to the trade of sex-work - stolen when they are still babies by bribing their maids. The women are then groomed and pushed into business when they come off age. Despite what’s pre-ordained for them, the ultimate, unattainable dream for every sex-worker is to be a householder. But we know better than to believe this possible. As people who constitute the society, we know that while these women, who sell their flesh, are dirty and outcasts, the men who visit them are not. They are respectable and they marry women who live within the bounds of respectability. Yet, somehow, Bedanbala’s mother has a shot at an alternate life and her story is recounted by her daughter who is reminiscing of times past as she sits in her own home surrounded by books.
At close to 80 pages, this novella has much to offer the reader. The women we meet are not introduced as representative of their work only, but as people in their own right who were actively involved in society’s upliftment. The reader is forced to look inward, instead of being a comfortable observer standing at a distance from the happenings in the book. There’s space only for introspection, not judgement and moral righteousness.
Mahasweta Devi’s oeuvre speaks for itself, and no review of mine can ever live up to its legacy.
Here comes little Kamilini with her tiny steps making her way into Kamini's life who is the head of that household of whores. Kamini , is fondly called as Did'ma by our narrator Bedanabala ( Kamalini's daughter) in the book. Years to come, 'Kamalini' the name divinely suits her lotus like blooming face, exuding fragnace as if she bathed in river with bed of roses. She has evoked untoched senses of motherhood in Did'ma who craved to nurture her tenderly & marry off to some 'babu' from a renowed Zamindari clan, surprisingly unlike other girls under her control.
Didma, she who swooshed away many innocent childhoods & wiped away promised fates of numerous girl childs is now tethered to a stump frigidly held with an unnamable relationship bonded with a girl whom she has thefted very much like others. For her pristine beauty, Did'ma could have clinked counting gold coins, but here she distanced Kamilini away from the mandatory rituals after attaining puberty.
The book discusses a few stories of girls in the late 19 th century who had fallen as prey to the people like Did'ma mercilessly. Their sindhoor is untouched & their alta is unwashed , forever ornated with marital privileges for they never enter into widowhood. Their wombs are either barren or left unclaimed. Their families shy away from them whom they had met by chance after years unwilling to accept at the cost of their pride & honour. The author has rightly commented that nothing much their plight has changed now, barring the power of literacy & their ability to raise voice thrusting on their profession.
Also there are some important pieces of information from pre-independence era of Bengal in the said period cascaded timely by naming prominent persons & events.
The writing style of Mahashwetha Devi is lyrical, immersive & at times typical. Her prose without annotating punctuation makes slightly tricky testing our concentration. I earlier read such book by Sobti but I found this book a bit challenging. But to tell the least I really admired & was awestruck by how alluring the text is with such disjointed narrative & her ceaseless 'unmarked' flow.
This is a book of memories warped & wafted with pasts of Kamilini & that of Did'ma; more precisely thoughts of Bedanabala on their lives which were merely seen but mostly heard.
For me, it was an extremely difficult read. Although the translation is merely 76 pages, which can be finished in two sittings, it took me an extraordinary amount of time and headache to finish it. It was an engrossing read, very lucid in language, yet very shocking to learn how human trafficking and forced prostitution reshaped the lives of girls as young as 6 and robbed them of a childhood. The author creates layers of nuances in the character of the matriarch "Didima", her parental benevolence while being the direct perpetrator as well as exploiter of the girls she "keeps", the societal response to victims who wish to be reintegrated into society, and the economy and infrastructure that the whole racket of flesh-trade is silently an integral part of. Overall, as a 21st century urban woman, the narrative can be both informative and bewildering.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
'Bedanabala: Her Life, Her Times' takes us back to pre-independent India. The novella opens on how the babies were stolen by the maids, and we're bought into the business of sex-workers. They were groomed, taught and once turned fourteen were pushed to follow the tradition.
The protagonist, Bedanabala, tells us about the life of Kamalini (her mother) and her mother's Didi ma. The life of pre-independent India was not easy. Through this novella not only talks about prostitution, sex-workers but also about the societal upheavals that led to significant issues and changes in the society.
Talking about the novella, I definitely loved reading it, but I had the impression that it lost it's way halfway through and didn't come to a satisfying end. Overall, it was a good read.
An interesting tale of sex workers & their lives in Bengal when India was on the cusp of independence and reform.
This story feels like watching the a black & white movie play out in your head and the case it makes for these women, the duplicity of the world scorning them, the hypocrisy of denying them access to dignity and the hope of reform - all of it is beautifully expressed through the lives of the women in it.
Bedanabala by Mahasweta Devi translated by Sunandini Banerjee is a book about the outcaste women who are known by many names such as sinners, prostitutes, whores, kept women and in modern world by 'sex workers'.
Kamini has been in the business of prostitution for a long time. Even if she wishes to leave this 'line', she can't because what can a daughter of whore do other than being in this line? Either that or she doesn't want to. She buys young girls of rich zamindars and puts them in 'the line' as soon as they're of the right age.
One such girl that Kamini buys through a maid of rich zamindar is Kamalini. Kamalini. True to her name, a beautiful little girl, Kamini for the first time looses her heart to Kamal and starts treating her like her own daughter. But a whore's daughter is a whore. How long can Kamini delay to put Kamal in the trade?
Told in first person, the narrator of the book Bedanabala, daughter of Kamalini who calls Kamini Did'ma recounts the different little stories of the different women and their experiences while being in the line. She also recounts her mother's journey from the time she was frisked by Did'ma, her stay in the "hell" and her life in general.
Set in the backdrop of pre-independence era, in an almost poetic prose that might be difficult to read at first but sucks you in itself as you get a hang of it, so much so that will make it difficult for you to keep the book aside and if you still do, will hover your mind with its thoughts, this book deals beautifully with delicate topics of prostitution, women in the prostitution, their reasons and their redemption, people who call them sinners and also the ones who look for their betterment.
Mahasweta Devi portrays her characters just as they are, raw and flawed. In just 77 pages, she presents before us the society in it's true sense.
A short book it may be, but definitely not one that you'd read and forget. It makes home in your head and forces you to question your beliefs.
I have written, re-written and then again re-written this review for a number of times and yet no matter how many times I repeat the procedure, it doesn't seem right. Mere words will never be enough to express how beautiful this book is. For this is not just a book, it is an experience! ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐/5.