A shimmering literary examination of the ghost of communism, a haunting presence of Europe's past
Oskar has just killed himself. After waiting a quarter century, he returned to Prague only to find it was no longer his home. With his memorial service, Yale historian and prize-winning author Marci Shore leads us gently into the post-totalitarian world. We meet a professor of literature who as a child played chess with the extortionist who had come to deliver him to the Gestapo and an elderly Trotskyite whose deformed finger is a memento of seventeen years in the Soviet gulag. Parents who had denounced their teenage dissident daughter to the communist secret police plead for understanding. For all of these people, the fall of Communism has not ended history but rather summoned the rebellion in 1968, Stalinism, the Second World War, the Holocaust. The revolutions of 1989 opened the archives, illuminating the tragedy of twentieth-century Eastern there were moments in which no decisions were innocent, in which all possible choices caused suffering. As the author reads pages in the lives of others, she reveals the intertwining of the personal and the political, of love and cruelty, of intimacy and betrayal. The result is a lyrical, touching, and sometimes heartbreaking portrayal of how history moves and what history means.
Marci Shore is associate professor of history at Yale University and award-winning author of Caviar and Ashes and The Taste of Ashes. She has spent much of her adult life in Central and Eastern Europe.
The Taste of Ashes: The Afterlife of Totalitarianism in Eastern Europe holds the records for the most misleading title that I encountered this year. Marci Shore is an associate professor at Yale University, where she teaches European cultural and intellectual history. On the more personal note, she is married to a fellow Yale scholar and author of acclaimed books on the history of the region, professor Timothy Snyder. Basing on the title and the author's credentials, I was expecting a well-researched and scholarly work on the subject - the lingering ghost of various totalitarianisms which took shape in Eastern Europe during the 20th century.
I admit that the fault is largely mine for not reading the blurb and just diving right into the book, but even the blurb is misleading and does not prepare the reader for what lies behind the covers of the book. The Taste of Ashes is not a scholarly study of totalitarianism, Eastern Europe or pretty much anything, really - the closest comparison I can come up with is a travelogue. Basically, the author took several trips to Eastern Europe, where she was given access to several archives and browsed documents from the period, but mostly talked to people.
Although the book claims to to be about the experience of totalitarianism in Eastern Europe, it is mostly limited to Poland and former Czechoslovakia. The second half of the book focuses on Poland especially, and is the one which I hoped to find to be the most interesting: being Polish myself I wanted to learn what the author discovered in the dusty archives which held the murky past of Polish Stalinism, thankfully now long gone.
Instead, the author shifts focus to the experience of Polish Jews - during the war and in the post-war Stalinist years, and later in independent Poland. She talks to relatives of Polish Jews who became involved in post-war politics - such as Wanda Wasilewska, Jan Broniewski and Jakub Berman - and also to several Jews who have remained in Poland after the collapse of communism, and who struggle with finding their own identity. She also talks to several remarkable individuals, who have shaped Polish politics and culture - the World War II Auschwitz prisoner and resistance fighter Władysław Bartoszewski, who later became the Minister of Foreign Affairs; Marek Edelman, who led the uprising in the Jewish Ghetto in Warsaw in 1943 and later became an author and cardiologist; and Adam Michnik, the son of Polish communists who would later became a major figure among anti-communist dissidents and eventually create and lead what would became Poland's largest newspaper, "Gazeta Wyborcza" (Electoral Newspaper).
Marci Shore has such fascinating interviewees, but the conversations that she has with them are very skin-deep, which is an incredibly missed opportunity to introduce these figures to a wider audience. The format of the book is at least partly to fault here - entire books have been written by, with or about each of these figures, and in a single, slim volume the reader will only get a glimpse of their lives. Shore presents vignettes, snippets and fragment, but the large picture of the afterlife of totalitarianism in Eastern Europe never emerges.
What is Eastern Europe, exactly? In her work Shore completely ignores countries which have also traditionally been seen as the "East", that is the European part of the former Soviet Union - Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. Like Poland and Czechoslovakia, all of these countries have suffered not one, but two totalitarianisms - yet they all are barely mentioned in this book. And these are the countries where, arguably, the afterlife of totalitarianism is most visibly and deeply felt - in Russia, where the initial embrace of democracy turned into disdain for it and the emergence of an autocratic leader; in Ukraine, where the desire to eliminate the remains of a communist past clashes with the struggle for the national soul as an actual war takes place in the east of the country; and perhaps most in Belarus, which is often said to be "the last dictatorship in Europe", and which is ruled in an almost nostalgically Stalinist style by the same president since 1994 - down to keeping the name of the KGB and organizing a referendum to ditch the new flag and coat of arms, and returned the slightly changed Soviet symbols, and being the only country in Europe which still uses the death penalty.
The subject provides so much opportunity, and it is a real shame that the book delivers so little. Despite blurbs from celebrated and acclaimed authors such as Norman Davies and Anne Applebaum - who called it "a personal, intellectual, literary and historical tour of contemporary central Europe" - I honestly cannot recommend it in good faith to anyone interested in the subject, as ultimately the book is more about the author herself rather than the subject matter she choose for her title. It is too disorganized, too fragmented and ultimately too unfocused to match Applebaum's praise and to fully convey its eponymous premise.
Цікава книжка і про історію Східної Європи, і про те, як цю історію писати. Авторка розповідає наче власні спогади знайомства з країнами Європи і разом з тим розповідає саму історію Європи 20 століття (в основному, Польща, Чехія, Словаччина). Мені дуже сподобалося, читаєш - наче слухаєш джаз, а місцями тужливий блюз. Я б теж так хотіла писати:)
A great disappointment. This is neither a history book nor it covers the aftermath of totalitarianism. Instead, a quite a lot on the war and its aftermath and especially about Jewish people and their lives at that time. Despite the fact that the author travels a lot in Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine and Russia, and gets access to some archival materials nothing new has been revealed. This book should have been subtitled "A Personal Journey".
Most of the contents are derived from meetings with the relatives of some historical figures - granddaughter of Jan Broniewski, daughter of Wanda Wasilewska, people who knew Berman etc. There is absolutely nothing about changes that affected societies of those countries in nineties and post year 2000. Nothing about how the privatised national property got distributed, what happened to the communist elites, how the security apparatus placed their members in finance industry and made millions by moving "Capital" from their hearts to their pockets.
When talking about post-war communism the author did not mentioned that most of the security apparatus and people in power were jewish communists who came from Russia and imposed themselves on the poor Poles. She did not even mention that those people killed another 100 thousand of Poles to terrify the population to accept communist rule. Nothing about heroes such as Witold Pilecki and others who fought the oppression, people who could not return to their country or were left behind in Siberia. Instead, some peripheral stories about Berman brothers, Broniewski and Wasilewska - people who did nothing for Poland.
It is a shame that such a book can be published and its author being an associate professor of intellectual history. There was none of it in this book. One star for persevering till the very end in ill founded hope of finding something interesting.
цікавий жанр "Як я писала свою дисертацію", де з суміші випитого зі знаними людьми алкоголю, переглянутих архівних документів і розмов вивченими мовами (польською, чеською, їдишем та іншими) витворюється портрет постсоціалістичної Європи 90-х і нульових. Все починається в бандитській постсоціалістичній Варшаві і завершується декомунізацією і створенням ІПН, саме вдалий час щоб перечитати.
I was expecting more of an academic/scholarly examination of the deep sociological/psychological changes among the populations of Central Europe after the collapse of the Communist regimes. Instead, one is presented with an often rambling, more of a personal blog/diary of the author from her student days. Though of interest, these anecdotal descriptions lack in a overall framework. The author jumps from theme to theme, often in the middle of one story. The material is somewhat based on some research she did in archives, but the bulk is based on either her own personal experience or her acquaintances. While perhaps interesting as a memoir of the times and her experiences (indeed often the story relates more around herself and her own reactions to events than the people of the region), the book does not really explore the region or its peoples. If you are looking for a scholarly study of the region and the changes forced upon the peoples by the rapidly changing tide of history, then this book is not for you. If you are looking for a memoir/blog view of those confusing years of hope, joy and disappointment in the early 1990s, you may enjoy this book.
A really cool romance about falling in love (or at least fascination) with Eastern Europe in all its messed-up glory, and a bildungsdroman about growing into your skin as a scholar.
A powerful and extraordinary book and, to support that statement I am going to indulge in some personal reminiscence.
Until I was thirty years old I grew up in a world that was defined by events that took place during and immediately after WWI and WWII. To say that politics was dominated by two opposing ideological systems is true but not so relevant as the opposing Manichean blocks had penetrated down into the most ordinary elements of our lives a whole and a whole sub genre of fiction, the 'spy story', emerging after WWII and dominating comics, TV programmes, books and films. The permanence of this two sided existence was never in doubt. When the creator of Star Trek looked into the future he did not see change only the ability of the two sides to work together; anyone watching knew that Chekhov was a communist.
Then with a shuddering collapse it was all gone. If not as violent, the breaching of the Berlin Wall was as decisive as the storming of the Winter Palace. While it was Eisenstien's film which transformed the infiltration of the Winter Palace by a squad of Bolshevik soldiers into mass participatory spectacle and legend it was the live TV pictures of the tens (or hundreds?) of thousands of East and West Berliners pouring through and over which signalled the defining death of an anciene regime with the collapse of concrete slabs under a mass of hammers of greater and lesser size as symbolic as the crash of shattering double headed eagles in 1917.
It was an image fit for the romantic words of Yeats on 1916 in Ireland:
"Are changed, changed utterly: A terrible beauty is born."
All of a sudden Europe seemed reborn, there was a playwright in Prague Castle, a Union leader in Warsaw's Royal Castle. The Soviet Union was gone, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were back as well as new countries and it seemed so good and beautiful - but what did it mean for those living on the other side - those 'liberated'? That is what this brilliant book tries to tell.
Nowadays we forget that after the days of optimism and hope with the playwright and the Union leader in their castles came reality and hard choices and the collapse of everything known, good and bad, including money and security. Anything was possible but not everything seemed good. There were long hard years as what had been 'Eastern Europe' transformed itself and became the happy venue for stag and hen nights with its young people indistinguishable from those anywhere else in the world that it is today. But Marci Shore hasn't forgotten, she was there and saw but more importantly listened to the voices of the confused citizens of Prague, Warsaw, Moscow and elsewhere as they tried to understand the downside to 'freedom'.
What is particularly fine about Ms. Shore's book is her knowledge of and clear description of the differences, in history and culture between the challenges facing the various countries like Czechoslovakia (as it still was) and Poland and the different challenges people faced in dealing with the future that when it came, though longed for, was radically different to what they expected because freedom also meant revelation and the need to explain to others as well as themselves what their past meant. She is particularly fascinating in her of the people she knew in Poland and the complexities of identity and responsibility.
I can't say that every part of the story is as interesting, there were longueurs, but what any reader will find dull in this book is matter of taste and interest. Even the less interesting parts are still fascinating. If you are interested in 20th century history, particularly post the collapse of the Soviet Union, then this book is essential reading because the world we live in now is based on what happened then.
This is a wonderful book. Probably the best I have read this year. It is a history of Central Europe told in the first person by the author as she reports her researches into the "afterlife" or rather the "half-life" of the totalitarian regimes of the twentieth century. A time when there was no such thing as an innocent decision, and the only crime was inauthenticity.
The salient lesson one draws from it is that there is no longer any interest among human beings for the improvement of our imperfect world. We spend our time learning how to adapt to it. This time of romanticism, of dreaming of utopias has passed, and our only concern is to prevent capitalism destroying the planet.
It seems that the generation of those born late enough to be untainted by the totalitarian regimes of Central Europe have abandoned the ideas of Vlacav Havel for a mess of pottage, comprised of cars, telephones, and eco-death. Schade.
Сюжет "Смаку попелу" Марсі Шор розгортається навколо її праці в архівах Центральної та Східної Європи для збору матеріалів для її попередньої книги. А метою створення цього твору була спадщина тоталітаризму в пост-комуністичних країнах та як по-різному Чехія, Польща, трохи Румунія, та інші країни (не)дають собі ради з минулим та теперішнім. Дуже корисним для мене виявилось хронологічне пригадування всіх процесів в сусідній Польщі: від створення Інституту Національної пам`яті до люстрації та дискусій навколо болючих питань польсько-єврейських стосунків. Процеси виходу та "одужання" в усіх країнах йдуть нелегко, мають свої особливості, але головним висновком для мене є потреба у внутрішньому діалозі, що є найважчим, але неминучим на шляху переходу на інший, сподіваюсь, кращий рівень. Цікава, суб єктивна та корисна книга для тих, хто цікавиться історією наших найближчих сусідів по цій частині Європи. Рекомендую!
I did not expect what this book became. I was expecting a series of impartial vignettes, encounters in the post-Soviet Union. Instead, I found something else. History of a different sort, a more intimate sort, a mix of memoir and chronicle.
This, to me, is a companion piece to Tony Judt's great history, 'Postwar'. Judt sought to capture the entirety of the post-war period of Europe and amazingly, he succeeded. But Judt's is a chronicle, albeit, a moving one. It is deeply liberal and passionate but in the end, at least in my memory, it was a recounting.
Shore, in Taste of Ashes, brings to life the characters, the men, the women, that dotted some of the pages of Postwar. We begin to understand their motivations and more importantly, in the interactions Shore has with them, or their children, or their grandchildren, we begin to capture their legacies. We are witness to the cost that history brought to bear on entire generations, entire people, and entire nations.
I suppose this book mattered more to me than others might have because I read it in Prague, where much of the book is set. Shore visits Lviv, which I had just left, and Kyiv, where I had lived. She, herself, brings a first hand account of these nations, Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and others, that were so devastated by totalitarianism. That is something I can relate to.
Indeed, if there's a flaw to this book, it's that Shore sometimes interjects herself too much into the narrative. I felt at times, it became less a story of these generations and these people and more a story of her.
But her lack of partiality, her lack of complete objectivity, is also what makes this such a fantastic book. She makes history human- and that is quite a feat.
I had to ask myself several times “why am I reading this book?” But, still, I felt compelled to read it to its end. The author, an American historian specializing in 20th century East European ideological, military and racial conflicts, made numerous excursions to the Czech Republic, Poland and Russia from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s. Her special focus was on the strong connection between the Jewish diaspora and its members’ frequent involvement with communism as directed by Stalin and his Soviet puppet regimes. The persecution of the Jews by the German, the Russian, the Czech, the Slovak, and the Polish authorities, as well as the complicity of just plain common folk in those countries to participate in anti-Semitic behavior prior to, during and after World War II, describes the author’s thematic presentation. The divulging of generational (and sibling) discords and factionalizing in the Jewish population is prominent.
The list of historical figures provides about seventy names. It becomes not a small chore to keep track of them through the book because the author reports findings from historical archives and her own interviews in an anecdotally scattered format, with no chronological order. This is not a deliberate, cohesive, comprehensive study of “the afterlife of totalitarianism in Eastern Europe” as the book’s sub-title purports. For certain, the subject matter is often serious, dramatic and tragic but overall it lacks scholastic gravitas. I was disappointed.
This book is a collection of stories about Eastern Europe after the fall of Communism. It is an interesting topic, but the author doesn't provide much new information (given that the book was published in 2014). Most of the information is from the 1990s, and the author doesn't really look at subsequent trends.
This isn't a stand-alone book. The author is writing from a different angle from what you normally find in this topic. It is complementary to other works, ones that are more focussed on facts and geography and politics and the reason behind all these and the interconnections and the results. This book is primarily about people, especially the (Jewish) intelligentsia. For about half the length of the book I found it highly absorbing, but when the focus shifted to Poland, I increasingly found myself bogged down in a mass of names and brief anecdotes, which grew thicker and less interesting. The narrative is essentially that of the author's meetings with a host of East European "names", their relatives, friends and descendants. It's almost a journal, describing the author's own actions and interactions, and impressions of appearances. This has the drawback of weakening thematic structure. I would have enjoyed it more with a little more guidance! Especially since the text does actually flip around time-wise, sometimes frustratingly so. I haven't read the author's previous work, but it feels like an annex to something else. Bear in mind too that the geographic focus is largely limited to Poland and ex-Czechoslovakia.
The stories she shares are interesting and the actual writing is pleasant to read. But it didn't feel like it had a narrative, it felt like her reflections in the process of researching her prior book which I think I would have enjoyed more. I got some interesting perspectives but didn't learn as much as I'd hoped.
The NYTimes gave this book a not-great review but I still thought it might be a good up-to-date backgrounder to read as our trip to Eastern Europe approaches. And the author, a young Yale professor, did provide some salient history and insights about some of the countries I or my husband will visit (I came away thinking Romania: most weirdly violent and brutally anti-Semitic; Poland - most fundamentally anti-Semitic). But I wanted SO MUCH MORE and didn't get it. Instead I was frustrated by the author's rather unprofessional (or so it seemed, for a historian) focus on herself and her ramblings through Eastern Europe post 1989. I don't mind first person if it helps articulate points but many of Shore's first person vignettes provided no insights - and I quickly tired of trying to figure out which Polish friend was which that she was meeting for a drink and who cares anyway? I couldn't get a feel for where the book was going; there seemed to be no narrative arc. What chronology there was seemed loosely based solely on tracing her journeys and intellectual pursuits year-by-year not on the HISTORY year-by-year of the region. It's a shame because Shore has spent a lot of time in Eastern Europe and clearly knows it well but she didn't add much to my understanding of the region. She presented lots of vignettes and stories and historical details but didn't come on top of her material and attempt to make sense of Eastern Europe for readres(granted a difficult task). After reading the book, I went back to the NYTimes review and agreed with its criticisms, most keenly with its description of the book/author as "self-involved."
The Taste of Ashes is a great memoir from an American woman who wrote a controversial history of Poland and the Holocaust. Important contributions she offers are many: choices are complicated, judgement is hasty, evidence of intentionality lacking, and horrors definite. Humans are capable of genocide because fear trumps action.
What is lacking in the memoir is a clearly defined structure. I do understand why she wrote the memoir as she did, but coming off of reading Madeline Albright's Prague in Winter, I longed for a similar treatment.Madeline Albright
Is this any fault of Shore? I'm not certain. She traveled all over the world: from college studies to Prague, to Israel, to Poland, to Yale, to Slavakia, to Israel, to Russia, etc. etc. So of course her memoir would go all over the place, too, with the question of the role of the Polish Jew/Communist seeming to center the work.
So I thank Shore for her contribution to the study of Totalitarianism: its longevity and ultimately its failure. I am convinced that the Soviets willingly walked away from communism when the leaders embraced the riches of the West and that the efforts of the Eastern Europe dissidents had little impact on each country's political freedom. Did we have an East European society of cowards and 'greengrocer' bystanders born from fear and compliance or one of survival and sacrifice? Shore focuses more on shaming those who survived although she is certainly empathetic. I tend to accept that 'normal' people just want to get by. Fear changes everything.
I have mixed feelings about this. The book is only slightly the afterlife of totalitarianism in Eastern Europe. The prime focus tends to be the Jewish situation there and the conflicts between Jews who emigrate to Israel and those who choose to say and live as Poles, Czechs, whatever. There is no structure to the book that I can tell. It is more ramblings in no particular order. There is a lot of name dropping of people with little background to explain who they are. You sort of have to piece it together. Also, I found some grammatical errors that any error should easily have found. I am no grammar nazi, so that I noticed them was particularly egregious.
The positive about this book is the sources to which she had access. This gave some unique insights. I particularly liked the part when she looked at someone's undercover police dossier. Many of the reports were illiterate or those of someone bored with the informant job. She also reiterated the point that anti-Semitism still is rampant in Eastern Europe. This is timely given some of the Ukrainian and Russian nationalist groups. Finally, I hadn't really thought much about "lustration," revealing the names of all those who collaborated with the Communists.
Now an associate professor of intellectual history at Yale, Marci Shore spent the first two decades after the fall of Soviet bloc communism in Prague, Warsaw, Bucharest, Moscow, Jerusalem, Toronto, New York City, Stanford, Indiana University, Yale and other venues, always with a focus on Eastern Europe whether she was there or not. This book is hard to define: it's history, it's memoir, it's travel writing, it's not exactly a collection of essays but has that feel. The travel aspects attracted me the most; Shore seems to have spent a great deal of time talking to people in cafes, and I kept wishing I had been there, too. Eastern Europe had a traumatic 20th century, caught between Hitler and Stalin, fascism and communism, a rock and a hard place. What I drew from "The Taste of Ashes" is that the traumatic after effects continue to this day. But I got lost in the details, and the more I read the more lost I got. I'm glad I'm not going to have to take a test. There is, nonetheless, something entrancing about Shore's writing style, and, I, too, am fascinated by Eastern Europe. I really wanted to like this book more than I did.
I certainly enjoyed the book but agree with some of the criticisms of it. It lacked a strong narrative but the author never intended to write a conventional history of post-cold war Eastern Europe. Instead its a series of vignettes about the people she met while studying and working in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Romania.
I also agree that the book could have benefited from an index or even brief biographies of the people she wrote about. (There are brief bios of the "Cast of Historical Figures" and similar information about her friends who have helped the reader keep track of the people she was writing about.)
Regarding the big question that she constantly mentions, the link between Polish Jews and Polish Communists, I don't think she really answers. From what I gleamed from the book, the ideals of Communism were appealing to many people who wanted to end poverty and class hierarchy of pre-WWII Poland. And these ideals blinded many party members to the political oppression that occurred in the post-WWII period.
Ms. Shore has certainly spent a great deal of time in this fascinating part of the world, particularly in the Czech Republic and in Poland. I think she has done a brilliant job in helping the world to understand that no one's hands were really very clean after the holocaust and after Stalinism in Eastern Europe. This book led me to ask myself many questions relating to, "What would I do?" More strongly than ever, I believe the resolution to many (if not all) of the problems in society is the continued efforts to teach mankind the true purpose of life. If faced with moral dilemmas, we would choose to die rather than to betray principles we hold dear if we understood the eternal nature of the soul.
Although some insights can be gleaned about the " Afterlife of Totalitarianism in Eastern Europe" ( the sub-title), there is no coherent narrative. Some anecdotes are interesting but the morass of names and stories fail to speak to any overarching cogent theme. It is more of a travel book consisting of the author's experiences rather than a historical analysis. Disappointing because post-communist Europe is a worthy topic that needs comprehensive treatment, but this book fails to achieve that.
Why I Abandoned this Book - in one sentence: I had hoped this would examine the social tensions in post-Soviet Europe as collaborators and resisters moved into the twenty-first century, but it lost itself in personal recollections and too many temporal and geographic jumps.
I finished this book in just a few days. Fascinating to read more into the background of the history behind many former Eastern-Bloc countries since the fall of Communism, especially since I lived in Germany during Communism, was there when Communism fell, and after Germany was reunited. The author went back-and-forth in time and with many of the people she met, which was a bit confusing to me. But that may just be because I just about swallowed this book whole!
Good writing, but it seems mostly to be about how she wrote her previous, well-received work on Jewish life in Communist Poland. Only some of the book touched on post-1989 life. Instead, much of it discussed the political evolution of Eastern European Jews, which was not guessable from the title. I suppose I was expecting much more of a travelogue throughout Eastern Europe about how people got over Communism. The book does touch on it, but not quite at the depth and breadth I was expecting.
Marci Shore didn't write a beautiful book, but rather a fascinating book. If you, like me, visit former Eastern Europe regulary, you feel that you are 'on the road'. We call that 'transition'. But the proper title would be 'Once Upon a Time in the East'. We are in an era - please recognize are/era - in which we enter unknown territory. Like entering the West. The best we can offer are stories - that's what Marci Shores book has to tell.
Better You Go Home This is a wonderful, in-depth read for anyone interested in Eastern European history. Well written. Has at times almost a memoir like personal feel.