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403 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2010
"A few years ago I thought that Hungary and Romania would resemble the Netherlands within about twenty years ... Now I think it will take at least a century" (pg 312).I too, think Hungary's political-economy will take longer to flourish than I did in the 90's: I think it's possible it may not flourish at all. But my reasons for thinking so are different to Scholten's.
“By systematically crushing, exiling and killing the bearers of tradition, morality and fairness for over half a century, a society makes itself unstable.” (pg 192).And that the problems the successor states of Hungary and Romania face today are a result of the destruction of it's aristocracy under communism.
"The worst thing about fifty years of communism isn't the sweeping away of the aristocracy, the worst thing is the wiping out of the old civil society, of all the people and classes with a long tradition of honest work, service, independence of mind, merchants, farmers, entrepreneurs, academics, professionals. In their place we have generations filled with cynicism and an attitude of "what the hell, we're just doing what we can to survive". They know nothing about the underlying concept of a civil society familiar to happier, Western countries. That is the great tragedy here" (pg 349)Scholten seems to agree with Francis Bacon that:
“[an] aristocracy has a moderating effect on the holder of power, standing between ruler and people. As early as 1222 the Golden Bull gave the Hungarian nobles the right to depose a king for misrule. The removal of that buffer had far reaching consequences. The destruction of a cultivated elite and an increase in brutal terror went hand in hand.” (pg 141)Well, the Hungarian aristocracy was still extant in the first half of the twentieth century, in fact the Horthy regime was largely an aristocratic regime. As far as I have read, it did conspicuously little to thwart the Red Terror, the White Terror, the atrocities that happened on the re-occupation of territory as a result of the Vienna Awards, or the Hungarian Holocaust itself. This argument simply isn't supported by the facts.
““There is nothing wonderful at all marvellous or wonderful about it, my boy, and especially there is nothing to boast about. What has happened has been entirely natural. Long ago, when the country folk were all serfs, everything belonged to the landowner, the so-called noble who himself held it from the king. It was therefore nothing less than his bounden duty to take care of everything , to build what was necessary and to repair what needed repairing. That our family have only done this shows that they have done their duty, nothing else. Let this be a lesson to you! ... That members of our family often obtained great positions in the state was no accident and no particular merit to them. Such places were naturally offered to people of high rank, nobles whose fortunes and family connections were necessary if they were to do a useful job . We can be proud that our forebears honestly carried out what was expected of them, and that is all. Family conceit because is not only ridiculous but also dangerous to the character of those who come believe in it.”” (pg 84)Maybe we are not to take this literally, as a case of 'it's not what you know, but who you know', but to regard it as example of the modesty and magnanimity of the aristocratic mind.
““In general the Hungarian semi-feudal aristocracy was the most corrupt and decadent in Europe and could only be compared with that of Russia of the Romanovs, in the twilight of the Czarist Empire”” (pg 216)rather than explore whether this claim was fair, he simply dismisses its source, a Communist sympathiser - “as not simply gullible, but also malicious, ... one who legitimizes torture and murder...” (pg 218). But even a source on the right side of Scholten's political and social fence, an English aristocrat of the mid 19th century, remarked on the enormous privileges of his Hungarian peers:
"“If an aristocrat harboured an ambition to hold public office he could simply have himself appointed deputy governor of a province; if he chooses to devote himself to agriculture, thousands of hectares of land were waiting for him ... and if he wanted to work for a good cause, then there was the peasantry, which depended on him from practically everything and looked up to him.”" (pg 87)In this situation, there sees to be plenty of opportunity for corruption and decadence to arise. But Scholten doesn't examine or even compose the evidence he assembles.
“the sartorial impoverishment of the aristocracy in Eastern Europe is a belated triumph of communism” (pg 347)and
“The thought of hundreds of square metres of castle being renovated in its entirety ... in medieval style by a nouveau riche Romanian oligarch makes my imagination run riot” (pg 300)The book was originally written in Dutch, and so grating did I find this kind of remark, I had to wonder whether I, or the translator had missed some aspects of Dutch irony.
"fear is something you learn. The dictatorships in Hungary and Romania did a good job of teaching it to the people ... you see it in the submissiveness of schoolchildren” pg (374).Kádár's regime in Hungary for far less brutal than Ceausescu's was in Romania, and remembered as such. I put down the submissiveness of my Hungarian schoolchildren to bored indifference rather than fear.