This is one of the most profound, informative, and life-altering books that I have ever read. If I could give it six stars, I would.
I started reading this book because I’m a prospective adoptive parent, looking to adopt from Ethiopia. I could not have picked a better book to explain the history and reality of HIV as well as the impact on the children of Ethiopia.
This non-fiction work is a story told in two parts. The first aspect of the book covers the history of the development of HIV/AIDS, how it actually spread throughout the world, and the many mistakes and misconceptions that we had of the disease as we became aware of it. The second aspect of the book, told simultaneously is on Haregewoin Teferra, who was the first person in Ethiopia to start taking in AIDS orphans (nomenclature means children who were orphaned by AIDS, not necessarily children with AIDS) who were shunned from society, due to a lack of knowledge of how the disease was spread. It was the combination of the cold hard facts of our mistakes and the sheer numbers of people who were impacted as well as the specific stories of children and how they were impacted by the epidemic that made this book real to me.
The details on the epidemiology of how HIV was actually created and spread (she has a lengthy bibliography in back for you to check facts) was shocking and appalling. Our epidemiologists have known for 20 years how the disease is actually being spread, but we choose to continue to misunderstand and blame the people who are sick.
African people are not just living with their skirts up around their waists and being incredibly cavalier about their relations – they are being infected when going to the doctors. In the 1950’s, when NGO’s started going to Africa to provide inoculations for a variety of illnesses that the people experienced there, they were all done via shots. Subsequently, when people started feeling better, the cultural response was that the only way to get well was through receiving shots. I had read this in Cutting for Stone as well, but most doctors in Ethiopia give patients shots no matter what is ailing them, because the patients don’t feel that they will get well without one. This would be harmless (and placebo effect) were it not for the fact that the doctors and NGO’s do not have an appropriate quantity of needles, and do not sterilize the needles that they do have accurately. In 2005, over 40M shots were given with unsterilized needles! Imagine going to a doctor for a broken bone, and coming out infected with HIV. This is actually happening today.
Most disgusting, was the information provided that showed that the major Drug Companies had been able to influence international policy to allow them to extend their drug patents and prevent poor countries from creating generics for AIDS medication, or face international sanctions. With these brand name drugs, the cost of medicating one person for one year is $20K. Generics could be created and distributed for $300 a year – and yet the big drug companies would rather have millions of people in Africa die than drop the pricing of their glamour drugs. How are the parents (who know that they have no hope receiving the medicine that can make them well) protecting their children? These people are shunned, they are abandoned, they can’t work, they can’t eat, and they can’t take care of their children.
Imagine what our children would do if their parents, teachers, coaches, daycare providers, grocers, and trash men died all around them. How would they take care of their younger siblings? What would they have to do in order to eat? How easily could the adults who are alive take advantage of them? 1 in 8 children in Ethiopia right now is an orphan. How are they dealing with this?
Haregewoin Teferra was the first person to step up and open her home to the flood of children who needed help. Her story is one of grief - of losing her own daughter, and trying to fill that void with the children who needed her. She took in two, then, four, then another and another, until she had over 80 children living in two houses (50 HIV negative, 30 HIV positive). It shows her good intentions, how quickly it became out of control because there were so many children and she couldn’t say no. The book told the story of mistakes that Haregewoin made, how she started worrying more about how to handle future children more than the ones she had, how she fed the children on rice and noodles, because she wanted the money she had to be able to last years. It showed how neighbors and local government agencies became jealous/concerned about her, and how she was subsequently jailed for trumped up charges of child trafficking. It showed her humility and the fact that although she was doing everything that she could, and living for these children – she wasn’t Mother Teresa.
The book also told the story of specific orphans of Haregewoin’s – how they were dropped off by grandparents, or aunts, or neighbors, how they grieved for their families, how they adjusted, how they were adopted, and how they live now with their new families. Seeing how each child was impacted by disease and famine, how their families gave them up to give them a chance to eat, and how they survived through it, really brought home the enormity of the problem.
I would absolutely recommend this book to anyone who is interested in knowing the reality of HIV or of understanding the orphan crisis in Ethiopia.