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Jugaad Innovation: A Frugal and Flexible Approach to Innovation for the 21st Century

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Jugaad is a word often heard in general conversation in India. Whether to find ingenious solutions to problems or turn adversity into opportunity—Indians swear by it. In this seminal book, Navi Radjou, Jaideep Prabhu, and Simone Ahuja challenge the very way a traditional organization thinks and acts. Leading companies such as Facebook, Future Group, GE, Google, PepsiCo, Philips, Renault-Nissan, Siemens, Suzlon, Tata Group, and YES BANK, among others, are already practising jugaad to generate original ideas and pioneer growth. In the midst of rising global competition and swelling R&D budgets, Jugaad Innovation presents ways to innovate, be flexible, and do more with less. Peppered with examples of innovative entrepreneurs in emerging markets such as Africa, India, China, and Brazil, Jugaad Innovation illuminates paths to engender breakthrough growth in a complex and resource-scarce world.

336 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2012

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About the author

Navi Radjou

19 books16 followers
Navi Radjou is an innovation and leadership strategist based in Silicon Valley. He is a Fellow at Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, and a World Economic Forum (WEF) faculty member. He is a member of WEF’s Global Agenda Council on Design Innovation and a regular columnist on HarvardBusinessReview.org. Navi is co-author of the bestseller Jugaad Innovation: A Frugal and Flexible Approach to Innovation For The 21st Century (jugaadinnovation.com). The Economist calls it ‘the most comprehensive book yet to appear on the subject’ of frugal innovation.

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5 stars
258 (17%)
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587 (39%)
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487 (32%)
2 stars
134 (8%)
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Displaying 1 - 29 of 129 reviews
Profile Image for Ashok Rao.
66 reviews35 followers
January 6, 2020
Before I read this book I had a negative opinion about the word 'juggad'. But now I know that jugged is nothing but being innovative. Here we need to focus more on customer's needs not their desire. For example I stay in Mumbai and I always used to hear from my mom how expensive fruits have become. They are needs and I decided to something about it. I decided to do a jugaad. I told some of friends that we could go to nearby Vashi wholesale market and buy fruits in quantity at wholesale rate. It really worked. Just imagine how much money we saved every year. The key to jugaad is simplicity and of course it should be cheaper. As Leonard da Vinci rightly said that 'simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. So jugaad innovators are masters of simplicity.
492 reviews7 followers
October 11, 2013
Jugaad is a word that like Karma and Dharma have no equivalent in English. It is understood and practised by the natives. It is also followed by others, but is not necessarily seen as Jugaad.
If one were to describe Jugaad to English speakers one would use the phrase "a quick fix for a complex problem". It has come to connote "a quick and dirty fix for a complex problem".
The authors in the book wish to dispel the myth that a quick fix need not always be a dirty fix. They further add the connotation of "innovation under constrained conditions" to Jugaad. Given that most of this type of inventions/innovation happen in third world countries where all types of resources are constrained, it is a correct conjecture.
The authors have come up with six guiding principles of Jugaad:
1. Seek Opportunity in adversity
2. Do more with less
3. Think and act flexibly
4. Keep it simple
5. Include the margin
6. Follow your heart
The authors also point out none of these have been relevant in the R & D labs of the large companies. As a result most of the output from these labs are over engineered solutions which satisfy the greed of the well to do and do nothing to satisfy the need of the have nots.
They suggest that this attitude needs to change given the fact that even the developed countries are facing financial crunches in the last few decades. Also the large populace of countries like India and China which are being seen as potential markets by these multi-nationals does not consist of customers with deep pockets. Instead these are customers who are looking to maximize value for the money they pay out. These companies will fail to penetrate these markets unless they adopt and adapt to Jugaad Innovation. This does not stop with innovation in products, this policy needs to extend to the after sale service too.
The authors go on give a variety of examples from different corners of the world, including India, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Phillipines where people have used their ingenuity to come up with innovations which has benefitted a large underserved populace.
At the same time the authors say that the R & D labs of the large companies need not be shut down, but need to be supplemented by Jugaad Innovation across the organization. The R & D department can possibly refine the innovations of these Judgaad innovators to make it appealing to the populace who are ready to pay more.
Some interesting Jugaad innovations that the authors mention are
1. A low cost incubator to keep the newborn babies warm in South India using a 100 watt bulb.
2. A low cost fridge made out of clay (called mitti cool) innovated in Gujarat.
3. An SMS based system to respond to cataclysmic events such as hurricanes, earthquakes or epidemic outbreaks. This has proved beneficial to many countries where people cannot afford smartphones. It has also benefitted the US.

One gets the feeling that the authors are suggesting that many of these innovations have come up because of a desire to serve the underserved. This seems too much of an altruism to expect from individuals and more so from large companies. E.g. if a GE innovates and comes up with smaller, cheaper equipments in the medical equipment industry, it is not because GE cares for the poor suffering without healthcare, it is only because they feel there is a market to be exploited and that it will swell their coffers.

All in all a good read.
Profile Image for R.
103 reviews17 followers
June 21, 2013
Every business faces challenges that it must overcome in order to be functional and successful. To this end, each business structures its organisation and streamlines the internal processes thereby delivering products and services very much sought after by customers in need or otherwise. The traditional approach of structured innovation, a top down method, has yielded speldid results thus far. There is no reason why it would not in the future, however, with some alterations that enable it to adapt to market dynamics that are by nature extremely volatile. Enter, Jugaad.

The crux of this unique book is something that is imbued into the hearts & minds of most people who have had to go through even moderately difficult circumstances or situations. However, it is not quite often that one finds a treatise that not only introduces but goes further on to formalise Jugaad or frugal engineering or one of the umpteen names with which it is known and/or referred to around the world. It is this aspect of the book that is really appealing and is its unique selling point.

Content wise, there is an indepth breakdown of the main concept (Jugaad) with ample examples to highlight the usefullness of each sub concept. The decomposition of Jugaad into six sub principles is not just insightful but, coupled with the real life examples in support of these, provide an enriching and compelling reason for any entrepreneur, budding or otherwise, to forge ahead. The six chapters that deal with the sub concepts of Jugaad provide a case study each, that is outright inspiring.

This is a superbly researched piece of text which can be considered as a formal presentation of a bottom up approach to innovation, that, although could be of disruptive nature, brings about radical changes to innovation thereby allowing businesses to be nimble and successful in both challenging resource constrained environments as well as in general.

Profile Image for Ishika.
69 reviews48 followers
January 5, 2022
Since very early childhood, we are taught to be 'jugaadu', manage with all you got but there's a broader applicability of this concept which is conveyed through this book.

Jugaad Innovation depicts many interesting and innovative ideas along with stating how 'Jugaad' as a concept is applicable in current dynamic and diverse environment. This book has a conceptual (to adopt Jugaad as an effective approach), informative (exceptional institutional works and innovations) and motivational impact.

To summarise: "Jugaad is like a booster, extending a company’s ability to cope with volatility and do more with less in highly constrained strings."
Profile Image for Shivani.
140 reviews39 followers
November 11, 2018
Kudos to the amazing jugaad innovators in our country solving unique issues of the country within limitations of resources!
Profile Image for Rajesh CNB.
122 reviews7 followers
May 8, 2018
When N R Naryanamurthy, Chairman Emeritus, Infosys, made a public statement, a couple of years back, that India had not done any ground breaking innovation in the past 60 years and that only Infosys had innovated, I shook with rage at the man's insolence. I had not heard of this book at the time, but I thought that in a country as diverse as ours, innovation must be taking place somewhere or the other. I thought that Mr. Murthy was seeing the whole of innovation scenario through a western lense. Indeed, this book is a fitting reply to that statement about innovation.

As a child, I have seen my father "fix" broken things quite innovatively. Even now, he has a toolkit handy and keeps meddling with broken stuff and most of the times finds a fix. As a professional I have worked with a firm named Associated Business Enterprises, which was into electronic surveillance and we used to call our founder "Jugaad Master" for his uncanny ability to find solutions to most critical problems in the field of electronic surveillance. He has probably pioneered the "plug and play" mechanism of installation of CCTV network in highly volatile and temporary business settings like exhibitions, parties, etc. Also, as the book suggested, he did not 'patent' the idea but 'monetized' it first. When I first enquired "What will you do, if your competitors copied your plug-n-play idea?" he would respond "We will see when they do? God is our guide!" with a smile.

So, this book comes to me both as a revelation and as a validation of many experiences that I have had in my life. I am sure it will be for many Indian professionals. The authors successfully elevate the concept of "Jugaad" which is often used as a reference to "cheap innovation" or at best to "street smartness" to a system of innovation that can actually make a difference to the world around. After reading the tome, I began feeling that Mahatma Gandhi, father of our nation, has used Jugaad in our freedom struggle. Though this is a claim today, if one finds the time and patience to look into it, one may find adequate proof of this.

By validating and systematizing Jugaad, the authors have successfully changed the way I look at innovation. They reverses the innovation framework used in the west and make innovation a "bottom up", "participative" process. Further, they showcase Jugaad as a fundamental building block for social, corporate as well as national innovation pipeline. Thus, from being a simplistic tool in the hands of a village sociopreneur Jugaad transforms into a powerful instrument which can be used by a government to transform a country and propel it into economic and social prosperity.

Lucidly written, replete with examples, rich in ideas, this book is a must read for all those who love India and have felt humiliated seeing the country from a western lense. This book not only offers solace, but also instills confidence that our methods were indeed correct and perhaps the same methods might lead us into the economic superpowerdom that we so aspire to hold. The only complaint that I have about this book is that it repeats itself quite frequently, is now drowned in the positive vibes it has managed to generate in me.
Profile Image for Dhruv Sharma.
147 reviews23 followers
January 14, 2018
Not a good book.

There are three authors of this book and am not sure which one is to give the credit of repetitive writing. The same content have been repeated again and again.

Jugad is a punjabi word for an informal innovation. Innovation as topic has a very scope to talk about but the book is very disappointing.

There are no aha! moments in the book and all content is about average stuff which I believe every educated person knows. There are many case studies mentioned in the book which are made part of the content to get praise from a brand (you scratch my back & I will scratch yours).

2 stars instead of one as few things about GE made some takeaway from the book, otherwise not worth the time.



2018: 2 down 48 to go!
Profile Image for Kalle Wescott.
838 reviews16 followers
June 29, 2022
I read /Jugaad Innovation: A Frugal and Flexible Approach to Innovation for the 21st Century/, by Navi Radjou, Jaideep Prabhu, and Simone Ahuja:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/b...

The book is about applying the Indian concept of Jugaad to innovation, and how many corporations have done so successfully.

The Jugaad principles are:

1. Seek opportunity in adversity
2. Do more with less
3.Think and act flexibly
4. Keep it simple
5. Include the margin(alized)
6. Follow your heart.
Profile Image for Tatiana Malyutina.
23 reviews6 followers
May 13, 2020
Main concepts could fill a couple of pages, the rest are countless examples.
Profile Image for Tyler Replogle.
104 reviews4 followers
October 19, 2025
I don’t remember why I put this on my want to read list but it was informative. It wasn’t what I expected either. I do think that it could have been about 2/3 of the size because it repeats itself a lot.
Profile Image for RKanimalkingdom.
526 reviews73 followers
June 8, 2019
It’s really nice to see books that incorporate culture into business. There never was one way to do business and there really is no right way either. Business is the living human construction because of its odd relation with human beings. Too much business and it becomes another totalitarian government, too little and we end up fighting with each other in order to claim things. But what type of business is ideal? What can business do to keep up with the pace society is going at?

Juggad reveals how mindset can prove an asset in business. Juggad is basically using what you have to attain what you want. It’s cheap, simple, and effective. To be a little cheeky, it’s the life and blood of Indians. We use juggad in our everyday lives whether we are aware of it or not. In this book, the authors use, through examples, the concept of juggad to provide Western companies new models of business in order to stay afloat for the upcoming turn of society.

Review Continued Here
Profile Image for Gunjan Gupta.
72 reviews8 followers
January 11, 2014
Book is a collection of beautiful jugaad ventures of people all around the world. It describes how people have built giant companies by simple innovations. Jugaad Entrepreneurs have converted their problems into opportunities.
Book is a simple reading and collection of many stories right from International Brands like: 3M, Facebook, Apple to home grown companies like: Big Bazaar, Yes Bank, SBI and many more.
12 reviews9 followers
March 7, 2017
I had high expectations for this book. The content was harldy novel, the writing was repetitive, it felt like an advertisement for the jugaad brand and, although the case studies revealed the momentum of a global trend, the content was unengaging.
This book has ~300 p., had the repetition been edited out and the writing been more engaging (maybe a 75-page book leading you to engage with it's online content rather than this bloated book), it might have actually been a worthwhile read.
6 reviews
March 28, 2016
I am so grateful that I have read this before my academic adventures in the United States. A must read for any aspiring Industrial Engineer. This is one business book you should read if you aim to be Alena organization.
22 reviews1 follower
May 21, 2018
Interesting concepts but in 2018, the book sounds very dated! Also, there is too much of repetition of ideas! The book could probably be half its length with a proper edit given to it!
Profile Image for Tanya Sen.
62 reviews16 followers
August 9, 2019
A lot of the general “gyan” on how to innovate was a superfluous / a bit over-engineered and can be sped-read through; my 4 stars are for the wealth of interesting and inspiring examples of frugal innovation from all over the world.

A few of my favourite favourite stories- Mitticool (the 2000 Rs clay fridge), the story of Suzlon, Optima Energia (business model innovation for selling energy efficient solutions - the company pays upfront for installation and the client uses energy savings to pay back for the project), Affinova (a social network P&G used to test new product ideas with customers), the Hapinoy Program (conversion franchising model that upgraded Filipino sari sari stores, enabling them to sell more and sell better), Revolo (a plug in solution for cars that works best in stop and go city traffic, capturing and storing kinetic energy generated every time brakes are applied), Stanford’s Embrace infant warmer, Haier (which noticed that Chinese farmers were using its washing machines to wash potatoes and thus innovated a product especially for that use), Charitra (a platform connecting NGOs with volunteers), IsangLitrongLiwanag (an eco friendly solar bottle bulb that is simply a recycled plastic bottle filled with bleach treated water, fitted into roofs of shanty houses, which refracts the sun’s rays that come in through the slits and creates a 55W lightbulb), the Rural China Education Foundation (seems a bit like a Chinese Pratham) etc.

And one bit of “gyan” that I did think was well put: “[organisations] need to cultivate the wisdom to know when to be like Miles Davis and improvise innovation and when to be like Leonard Bernstein and orchestrate it.”
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Book Ecke.
125 reviews9 followers
March 19, 2023
"Jugaad Innovation" is a compelling read that explores the concept of frugal innovation and how it can be used to solve complex business challenges in resource-constrained environments. The book is written by Navi Radjou, Jaideep Prabhu, and Simone Ahuja, and is based on years of research and firsthand experience working with companies around the world.

The authors provide numerous examples of how companies in emerging markets are using jugaad, a Hindi word meaning an innovative fix or workaround, to create cost-effective solutions to problems. The book highlights the importance of adapting to changing market conditions and embracing frugality as a core value in business innovation.

One of the key takeaways from the book is the idea that innovation does not necessarily require large amounts of money or resources, but instead a willingness to think creatively and find new ways to solve problems. The authors also provide practical tips and strategies for how companies in both emerging and developed markets can apply jugaad principles to their own business models.

Overall, "Jugaad Innovation" is an insightful and inspiring book that challenges readers to rethink their approach to innovation and problem-solving. It is highly recommended for entrepreneurs, business leaders, and anyone interested in the future of innovation and sustainability.
Profile Image for Siddharrth Jain.
142 reviews1 follower
August 16, 2019
In my most humble opinion, every Innovation can not be termed as a 'Jugaad' and so as well, conversely. The authors (read researchers) have given a detailed understanding of what it takes, and what it should take, to coin 'Jugaad', into the daily operations of a management entity.

'Jugaad' as explained, is a frugal approach to 'make-do'. However quick-fix this approach is, I am unable to comprehend the writing and the penned mantras, to inculcate 'Jugaad' within the system. Yes there are certain methods which can be implemented considering the scarcity of the resources and their ever increasing costs.

This book could have been quirkier. The examples cited within, are too hardcore and lacked a certain wit, which would have kept the reader, engaged. Also I feel, they could have imprinted a few pictures of the 'Jugaad' products. Nevertheless the research should possibly be abridged and made into a case-study, for students pursuing management studies. 📚
Profile Image for Suraj Saste.
7 reviews1 follower
May 27, 2021
I took a lot of time to finish the book simply because it could not grip me. Here's what I think about this book
1. The book is written in 2012 and reading it in 2021 had very little relevance in terms of the case studies and the knowledge it would translate
2. Honestly I felt the book is written in multiple broken chapters and thus does not give you the in-depth perspective on the topics covered.
3. The case studies do not offer enough depth and feel irrelevant in the world of 2021.
4. I do not recommend this to people who read multiple case studies or an extensive number of blogs and articles.
Profile Image for Akshat Dubey.
14 reviews
November 7, 2017
This reads like a good first draft of a MBA/PhD thesis.
It lacks organization, and points don't seem to flow or follow a logical structure, making the arguments not seem very coherent. I found a few examples just too descriptive, and the point the author wanted to make either got lost or got confused with another.
After a while seems like they're just selling you the idea of jugaad, which if you're already sold on, makes you wanna go "okay I get it jugaad is awesome can you get over it"

But yeah if you wanted to read some really motivating success stories, go for it
Profile Image for Nishant Bhagat.
411 reviews8 followers
November 2, 2021
Read this book really late but the concept still remains relevant. I really liked this book as it is filled with real life examples. While there is a latent need of every business book to come up with lessons learnt or key principles etc., the authors have balanced it well by staying close to real examples. The writing too isn't very jargon heavy and sits lightly.

I would recommend this book to any and everyone to read as this concept is all pervasive. The writers of this book has come up with another one called Jugaad 3.0 so time to add that to the 'to-read' list of mine!
Profile Image for Marsh Richtung.
13 reviews
December 26, 2022
Decent. I wouldn't say mind-blowing. Still quite relevant in 2022. However, felt like a drag after a point, as if the ideas were being preached and the same principles repeated over and over again. But I guess that was the whole point— to drive home the message of jugaad. All I'm saying is the book could have been shorter with the same concepts. The highlights of the book for me include introduction to some interesting personalities, their stories and also well-rounded real world case studies :)
Displaying 1 - 29 of 129 reviews

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