As the last of the World War Two veterans gradually slip away, the role of chroniclers such as Adam Makos, Stephen Ambrose and others becomes ever more important as they record the first-hand accounts of remaining survivors of the great and small battles in both Europe and the Pacific. Makos has compiled in this book the recollections of veterans from the First and Fifth Marine Divisions, who battled the Japanese on Guadalcanal, New Britain (Cape Gloucester), Peleliu, Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
The accounts are brutally frank, unvarnished and often extremely graphic, and because of their often horrific nature remained undimmed in the minds of those who related them, even after the passage of 70-plus years. They reflect the reactions of young men plunged into a hostile, almost alien environment and called upon to confront an enemy whose language, culture and values they could not even begin to comprehend—but whose nature they quickly learned through the harsh reality of combat. (One veteran after the war observed, “When a German runs out of ammunition or is surrounded, he surrenders. When this happens to a Japanese, he ends his life in a banzai charge, commits hara-kiri, or blows himself up with a grenade.”) There is an abundance (perhaps over-abundance, but that’s the way it really was!) of blood, gore, destruction and death in these testimonies; but the stories are accompanied by a steadfastness of spirit and a simple determination to get the job done, no matter what. The essence of each man’s identity as a Marine was to do his duty. Although these men modestly insisted that the true heroes were those who failed to return (and over 19,000 Marines and Army troops were killed on Iwo Jima and Okinawa alone, which helped make 1945 the bloodiest year of the Pacific war), surely the appellation can be applied to the survivors as well, for what they accomplished is the true nature of heroism.
Remarkable too are the accounts of how they were able to resume their everyday lives after the war, although for some it was far more difficult than others. The war affected the men in different ways for the rest of their lives, for it was a life-defining, watershed experience which reverberated down the decades. Some were permanently scarred physically and/or mentally. Some were unwilling to ever discuss the war again because the memories were just too painful, and often retreated into themselves. Others established a camaraderie with their fellow veterans which lasted as long as they lived. Still others freely shared their stories with younger generations so the lessons—especially the warnings—they gleaned from their wartime experiences would not be forgotten and become nothing more than relics of the distant past.
There is a special poignancy about these chronicles since they were recorded in 2012 or 2013 when the men were in their 80’s and 90’s and most, if not all, of them have since passed on. (The last survivor for whom I could find information was R.V. Burgin, who died at 96 in 2019.) On August 4, 2021, the last known Pearl Harbor survivor in San Diego, Stu Hedley, died just short of his 100th birthday. He was on the USS West Virginia. Later he was a crewman on the USS San Francisco and was a survivor of the desperate naval battles around Guadalcanal and elsewhere. As the Marines of the Pacific did through this and other books, Stu made it a practice to disseminate the story of his war experiences to anyone interested enough to listen. Let us hope that his legacy and those of the Marines will live on.
**** review by Chuck Graham ****