It is better to live in want among your family and your friends, who love you and care for you, than to be unhappy surrounded my vacuum cleaners and dish-washers and big shiny motor cars.
Poverty and the lack of of opportunity sends the narrator to a distant promised land (Canada) but his heart remains with his Parsi family and their colourful neighbors living in a rundown Mumbai tenement named Firozsa Baag. Despite being episodic in presentation and jumping from one point of view to another, there is a consistency and a continuity to the collection that makes me treat it as a whole and complete novel instead of a casual selection of short stories. And despite the strong ethnic flavour and local colour, I found a universal truth in the dignity, the humour, the quiet endurance, the dreams and the personal dramas of the tenement inhabitants that are not so different from those of the people I grew up with on my own street. For the evident love of the author towards his people and his home, for the joy of life even in the most trying circumstances, the ability to laugh at one’s misfortune and still look with hope towards the future, I would place this debut book by Rohinton Mistry on the same high esteem shelf I hold for the stories of Tortilla Flat or Cannery Row by Steinbeck, for the slums of London as described by Dickens or for the exuberant images of Fellini in Amarcord or I Vitelloni, for Kurosawa’s poetic rendering of a Tokyo slum in Do’Des Ka Den. Big names here, but I have no hesitation in adding Mistry to the list. He has a fine eye for detail, a wicked sense of humour, an elegant turn of phrase and what I believe an unpretentious and honest approach to the subject. I feel he speaks from experience, that he describes actual people he grew up with and not some imaginary characters engaged in fictional plots. Of course, every good writer tweaks and embelishes the truth to make it more presentable to the larger public, but I repeat myself, I feel like I have known these Firozsa Baag people all my life, in one disguise or another.
Nothing is certain in life. Only births, marriage and death.
The Parsi community puts great emphasis on preserving their traditional way of life, resisting the lure of a global culture that effaces identity and tries to turn us into zombie-like consummers of mass produced food, politics, music or movies, even of dreams of owning more products. Many of the episodes in the book look at the transition between the rigid older generation and the kids preparing to escape into the larger world. The Parsis are not exactly destitute, they belong more to the middle class and, from what I’ve read, they have the highest rate of literacy in all India. They define themselves more in terms of Zoroastrian religion than their Persian ethnic origins. And their population is dwindling due to low birth rates and sustained immigration. From this perspective, it can be said of Rohinton Mistry that he attempts to preserve his ancestral identity and reaffirm his beliefs before the whole Parsi culture is absorbed into the larger melting pot of a global uniformity. The journey was well worth it for me , adding new layers of information about this group of people after first meeting them in the works of John Irving (A Son of the Circus) or Salman Rushdie (Midnight Children).
Remind him he is a Zoroastrian: manashni, gavashni, kunashni, better write the translation also: good thoughts, good words, good deeds.
All very fine in theory, but in practice, the people of Firozsha Baag do sometimes err in the practice of their religious tenets, often with hilarious results. The tone is set in the first episode, as we get to meet Rustomji the Curmudgeon, preparing for a feast day only to be brought up short by dripping toilet tanks or tomatoes splashing on his impeccably white shirt. Later we learn about a Goan lady seeing ghosts, about the difficulties of evicting paying tenants from a sublet room and about the greatest cricket player from India. Most of the humour is earthy and toilet oriented, something I have also noticed with Rushdie, but the major tonality of the book is more sombre and melancholic. People grow old, children leave never to return, changes are often for the worst, good jobs are hard to find and death is always waiting for its cue in the wings to snatch a loved one away.
I wanted to cry for the way I have treated Viraf, and for his sick father with the long, cold needle in his arm and his rasping breath, for Mamaji and her tired, darkened eyes spinning thread for our kustis, and for Mummy growing old in the dingy kitchen smelling of kerosene, where the Primus roared and her dreams were extinguished; I wanted to weep for myself, for not being able to hug Daddy when I wanted to, and for not ever saying thank you for cricket in the morning, and pigeons and bycicles and dreams; and for all the white hairs that I was powerless to stop.
My favorite episode is probably the saddest of them all : Condolence Visit , about the strength of the marriage wovs and dealing with the loss of the loved one, about annoying neighbors who refuse to keep away and about the strength to live on, illustrated by a traditional marriage pugree ( an intricate type of head covering for the man). Every flat of Firozsha Baag has its history, its secret, its pain. Sometimes sharing is important to ease the burden, other times memories are too precious to be scattered away and will be selfishly guarded from intruders:
Daulat shut the door and withdrew into her flat. Into the silence of the flat. Where moments of life past and forgotten, moments lost, misplaced, hidden away, were all waiting to be remembered.
A recurring theme is the passing of tradition from one generation to the next. In The Collector Dr. Mody despairs of his own son getting interested in his passions and teaches a young boy from the court about stamp collecting. Jehangir watched, and listened to the euphonious voice hinting at wondrous things and promises of dreams.
In Squatter Nariman the storyteller enchants his young audience of wild boys with tall tales of cricket and hunting, slipping in one about an immigrant boy who returns home after a failed attempt to live in Canada (with yet another vivacious example of toilet humour). In Exercises parents impose a curfew on Jehangir falling for the first time in love and try to convince him the girl is not suitable by taking him to a guru outside of town.
With all the subtlety of a sixteenth-century morality play, a crowd clawed its way into a local train. All the players were there: Fate and Reality, and the latter’s offspring, the New Reality, and also Poverty and Hunger, Virtue and Vice, Apathy and Corruption.
The reader might be tempted to be discouraged by these failed attempts to preserve the past in a fast changing reality, but as the children grow up some wisdom and respect for their elders and their values find their ways into their hearts. I think this is illustrated by the wonderful quote selected by the author for one of the later stories. It’s about children immigrating away from Firozsha Baag, about three young men – one who tries to live in both worlds, one who despises his origins and criticizes everything about his home, and one who remains and fights poverty and corruption:
... your lights are all lit then where do you go with your lamp? My house is all dark and lonesome – lend me your light. (from Gitanjali)
The Parsi need their sons and daughters to remember where they come from and to keep the flames burning bright for future generations. The closing episode is the logical conclusion and probably the most autobiographic in the book. Swimming Lessons describes a Canadian tenement who gives shelter to old men abandoned by their children, to elderly spinsters on the prowl, to new immigrants from the Balkans and to a homesick Parsi boy. Firozsha Baag may have a dwindling population, but Jehangir is carrying its essence with him as he learns to live in his new country, reading the letters from home and observing his new neighbors. The tale continues in a new disguise.
The art of swimming has been trapped between the devil and the deep blue sea. The devil was the money, always scarce, and kept the private swimming clubs out of reach; the deep blue sea of Chaupatty beach was grey and murky with garbage, too filthy to swim in.
As a metaphor for India and the social impediments of living there, the image works its purpose in explaining the exile. The rest of the story explains though that India is also the place Jehangir draws his strength from.
I will definitely be interested to read more from Rohinton Mistry.